Abstract
Analitik hukuk felsefesinin varsayılan metodu olarak kavramsal analiz metodu son zamanlarda Brian Leiter’ın saldırılarına maruz kaldı. W.V.O. Quine'ın analitik-sentetik doğruluk ayrımını reddeden doğalcı epistemolojisine dayanan Leiter kavramsal analiz metodunun reddedilmesini ve onun yerine hukuk olgusu hakkında neden-sonuç tipi açıklamalar getirmeyi amaçlayacak ampirik araştırma yapmayı öneren doğalcı metodun benimsenmesini önerdi. Leiter kavramsal analiz metodunun kavramsal analistin a priori sezgilerine dayandığını iddia ederek, bu metodun ortaya koymayı amaçladığı evrensel ve zorunlu olarak doğru argümanlar geliştirmekte başarısız olduğunu savunur. Bu makalede, Leiter'ın kavramsal analiz metoduna atfettiği kusurların bu metodta bulunup bulunmadığnı inceleyeceğim. Çağdaş kavramsal hukukçuların çalışmalarına dayanarak kavramsal analiz metodunun Leiter'ın sahip olduğunu iddia ettiği kusurlardan berî olduğu sonucuna varacağım. Doğalcı metodun ve kavramsal analiz matodunun hukuk olgusu hakkında cevaplamada yetkin olabileceği soruların farklı türden sorular olduğunu, kavramsal analiz metodunun sonuçlarının a posteriori nitelikli olduğunu ve argümanlarının rastlantısal olgular hakkındaki zorunlu doğrular olarak anlaşılması gerektiğini savunacağım. Dolayısıyla, doğalcı metodun kavramsal analiz metodunun yerini almada başarısız olduğunu ortaya koyacağım.
Keywords
Hukuk Felsefesi Metodolojisi Kavramsal Analiz Doğalcılık Zorunluluk Rastlantısallık A Priori A Posteriori Brian Leiter
References
- Arıkan, Engin, Sert Pozitivizm, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2019.
- Austin, John, The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, Cambridge University Press, New York 2001.
- Coleman, Jules L., “Incorporationism, Conventionality and The Practical Difference Thesis”, Legal Theory, Vol. 4, 1998, pp. 381-425.
- Coleman, Jules L., “Methodology”, in The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law, (Ed by Jules L. Coleman, Kenneth Einar Himma, and Scott J. Shapiro), Oxford University Press, New York 2002, pp. 311-351.
- Coleman, Jules L., The Practice of Principle: In Defence of a Pragmatist Approach to Legal Theory, Oxford University Press, New York 2001, (The Practice of Principle).
- Cotterrell, Roger, “Why Jurisprudence Is Not Legal Philosophy” Jurisprudence: An International Journal of Legal and Political Thought, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2014, pp. 41-55.
- Dickson, Julie, Evaluation and Legal Theory, Hart Publishing, Oxford 2001.
- Dworkin, Ronald, Law’s Empire, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, New York 1986.
- Farrell, Ian P., “H.L.A. Hart and the Methodology of Jurisprudence”, Texas Law Review, Vol. 84, 2006, pp. 983-1011.
- Giudice, Michael, Understanding the Nature of Law: A Case for Constructive Conceptual Explanation, Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2015, (Understanding the Nature of Law).
- Hart, H. L. A., The Concept of Law, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, New York 1994.
- Jackson, Frank, From Metaphysics to Ethics: A Defence of Conceptual Analysis, Oxford University Press, New York 2000.
- Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Pure Reason, Trans. and Ed. by Paul Guyer, Allen W. Wood, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998.
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- Leiter, Brian, “From Legal Realism to Naturalized Jurisprudence”, in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 1-8.
- Leiter, Brian, “Is There an “American” Jurisprudence?” in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American, Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York 2007, pp. 81-102.
- Leiter, Brian, “Legal Realism, Hard Positivism, and the Limits of Conceptual Analysis”, in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 121-135.
- Leiter, Brian, “Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Three Approaches”, The Future of Naturalism, (Ed. by John R. Shook, Paul Kurtz), Humanity Books, New York 2009, pp. 197-207.
- Leiter, Brian, “Rethinking Legal Realism: Toward a Naturalized Jurisprudence”, in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York pp. 15-58, (Rethinking Legal Realism).
- Leiter, Brian, “Science and Methodology in Legal Theory”, in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 183-199.
- Leiter, Brian, “Why Quine is not a Postmodernist”, in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York 2007, pp. 137-151.
- Leiter, Brian, Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York 2007.
- Leiter, Brian/Allen Ronald J., “Naturalized Epistemology and the Law of Evidence” Virginia Law Review. Vol. 87, No. 8, 2001, pp. 1491-1550.
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- Murphy, Liam, “The Political Question of The Concept of Law”, Hart’s Postcript: Essays on the Postscript to The Concept of Law, (ed. by Jules Coleman), Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001, p. 371–409.
- Perry, Stephen, “Hart’s Methodological Positivism” Hart’s Postscript: Essays on the Postscript to The Concept of Law, ed. by Jules Coleman, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001, p. 311–354.
- Quine, Willard Van Orman, “Two Dogmas of Empiricism”, in From a Logical Point of View: Logico-Philosophical Essays, (2nd revised ed., Evanston), Harper Torch Books, New York 1963, pp. 20-47.
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- Raz, Joseph, “The Institutional Nature of Law”, in The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2009, pp. 103-121.
- Raz, Joseph, “The Problem about the Nature of Law”, in Ethics in The Public Domain: Essays in The Morality of Law and Politics, New York, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996, pp. 195-209.
- Ryle, Gilbert, The Concept of Mind, 60th Anniversary Edition, Routledge, New York 2009.
- Shapiro, Scott, Legality, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge 2011.
- Silbey, Susan S., “Law and Society Movement”, Legal Systems of The World: A Political Social and Cultural Encyclopedia, (Ed. By Herbert M. Kritzer), Vol. II, 2002, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, pp. 860-863.
- Simon, Rita J./Lynch James P., “The Sociology of Law: Where We Have Been and Where We Might Be Going.” Law & Society Review, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1989, pp 825-847.
- Tamanaha, Brian, “What is ‘General’ Jurisprudence? A Critique of Universalistic Claims by Philosophical Concepts of Law” Transnational Legal Theory, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2011, pp. 287-308.
- Tanney, Julia, “Rethinking Ryle: A Critical Discussion of The Concept of Mind”, in Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind, 60th Anniversary Edition, Routledge, London 2009.
- “Gilbert Ryle”, available online at https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ryle/ C. O. 10.10.2024.
- “Karl Popper”, available online at https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/popper/ C. O. 03.12.2024
Does the Rise of Naturalism Mean the End of Conceptual Analysis in the Methodology of Jurisprudence?
Abstract
Recently, the method of conceptual analysis as the presumed method of analytic jurisprudence has come under attack by Brian Leiter. Relying on W.V.O. Quine’s naturalized epistemology displacing analytic-synthetic distinction on truth, Leiter offered the rejection of conceptual analysis and the adoption of naturalist method committed to doing empirical research in pursuit of providing cause-effect type of explanations in law. He argues that since conceptual analysis relies on the a priori intuitions of the conceptual theorist, this method fails to deliver the universal and necessary truths it set out to deliver. In this essay, I will analyse whether the charges Leiter levels at conceptual analysis stick to it. Drawing on the works of contemporary conceptual jurisprudents, I will conclude that conceptual analysis is secure from the defects that Leiter accuses it to have. I will argue that the questions the naturalist method and the method of conceptual analysis can succeed to answer are different sorts of questions about the law; conceptual analysis does proceed on a posteriori reasoning and its arguments are best construed as necessary truths upon contingent grounds. As a result, the naturalist method fails to replace the method of conceptual analysis.
Keywords
Methodology of Jurisprudence Conceptual Analysis Naturalism Necessity Contingency A Priori A Posteriori Brian Leiter
References
- Arıkan, Engin, Sert Pozitivizm, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2019.
- Austin, John, The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, Cambridge University Press, New York 2001.
- Coleman, Jules L., “Incorporationism, Conventionality and The Practical Difference Thesis”, Legal Theory, Vol. 4, 1998, pp. 381-425.
- Coleman, Jules L., “Methodology”, in The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law, (Ed by Jules L. Coleman, Kenneth Einar Himma, and Scott J. Shapiro), Oxford University Press, New York 2002, pp. 311-351.
- Coleman, Jules L., The Practice of Principle: In Defence of a Pragmatist Approach to Legal Theory, Oxford University Press, New York 2001, (The Practice of Principle).
- Cotterrell, Roger, “Why Jurisprudence Is Not Legal Philosophy” Jurisprudence: An International Journal of Legal and Political Thought, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2014, pp. 41-55.
- Dickson, Julie, Evaluation and Legal Theory, Hart Publishing, Oxford 2001.
- Dworkin, Ronald, Law’s Empire, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, New York 1986.
- Farrell, Ian P., “H.L.A. Hart and the Methodology of Jurisprudence”, Texas Law Review, Vol. 84, 2006, pp. 983-1011.
- Giudice, Michael, Understanding the Nature of Law: A Case for Constructive Conceptual Explanation, Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2015, (Understanding the Nature of Law).
- Hart, H. L. A., The Concept of Law, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, New York 1994.
- Jackson, Frank, From Metaphysics to Ethics: A Defence of Conceptual Analysis, Oxford University Press, New York 2000.
- Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Pure Reason, Trans. and Ed. by Paul Guyer, Allen W. Wood, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998.
- Leiter, Brian, “Beyond the Hart/Dworkin Debate: The Methodology Problem in Jurisprudence”, in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 153-181, (Beyond the Hart/Dworkin Debate).
- Leiter, Brian, “From Legal Realism to Naturalized Jurisprudence”, in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 1-8.
- Leiter, Brian, “Is There an “American” Jurisprudence?” in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American, Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York 2007, pp. 81-102.
- Leiter, Brian, “Legal Realism, Hard Positivism, and the Limits of Conceptual Analysis”, in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 121-135.
- Leiter, Brian, “Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Three Approaches”, The Future of Naturalism, (Ed. by John R. Shook, Paul Kurtz), Humanity Books, New York 2009, pp. 197-207.
- Leiter, Brian, “Rethinking Legal Realism: Toward a Naturalized Jurisprudence”, in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York pp. 15-58, (Rethinking Legal Realism).
- Leiter, Brian, “Science and Methodology in Legal Theory”, in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 183-199.
- Leiter, Brian, “Why Quine is not a Postmodernist”, in Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York 2007, pp. 137-151.
- Leiter, Brian, Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York 2007.
- Leiter, Brian/Allen Ronald J., “Naturalized Epistemology and the Law of Evidence” Virginia Law Review. Vol. 87, No. 8, 2001, pp. 1491-1550.
- Marmor, Andrei, “Farewell to Conceptual Analysis (in Jurisprudence)”, Philosophical Foundations of the Nature of Law, (ed. by Wil Waluchow, Stefan Sciaraffa), Oxford University Press, Oxford 2013, pp. 209-229.
- Murphy, Liam, “The Political Question of The Concept of Law”, Hart’s Postcript: Essays on the Postscript to The Concept of Law, (ed. by Jules Coleman), Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001, p. 371–409.
- Perry, Stephen, “Hart’s Methodological Positivism” Hart’s Postscript: Essays on the Postscript to The Concept of Law, ed. by Jules Coleman, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001, p. 311–354.
- Quine, Willard Van Orman, “Two Dogmas of Empiricism”, in From a Logical Point of View: Logico-Philosophical Essays, (2nd revised ed., Evanston), Harper Torch Books, New York 1963, pp. 20-47.
- Raz, Joseph, “Authority, Law, and Morality”, in Ethics in The Public Domain: Essays in The Morality of Law and Politics, Oxford University Press, New York 1996, pp. 210-237.
- Raz, Joseph, “Can There be a Theory of Law?” in Joseph Raz, Between Authority and Interpretation: On the Theory of Law and Practical Reason, Oxford University Press, New York 2009, pp. 17-46.
- Raz, Joseph, “The Institutional Nature of Law”, in The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2009, pp. 103-121.
- Raz, Joseph, “The Problem about the Nature of Law”, in Ethics in The Public Domain: Essays in The Morality of Law and Politics, New York, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996, pp. 195-209.
- Ryle, Gilbert, The Concept of Mind, 60th Anniversary Edition, Routledge, New York 2009.
- Shapiro, Scott, Legality, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge 2011.
- Silbey, Susan S., “Law and Society Movement”, Legal Systems of The World: A Political Social and Cultural Encyclopedia, (Ed. By Herbert M. Kritzer), Vol. II, 2002, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, pp. 860-863.
- Simon, Rita J./Lynch James P., “The Sociology of Law: Where We Have Been and Where We Might Be Going.” Law & Society Review, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1989, pp 825-847.
- Tamanaha, Brian, “What is ‘General’ Jurisprudence? A Critique of Universalistic Claims by Philosophical Concepts of Law” Transnational Legal Theory, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2011, pp. 287-308.
- Tanney, Julia, “Rethinking Ryle: A Critical Discussion of The Concept of Mind”, in Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind, 60th Anniversary Edition, Routledge, London 2009.
- “Gilbert Ryle”, available online at https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ryle/ C. O. 10.10.2024.
- “Karl Popper”, available online at https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/popper/ C. O. 03.12.2024
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Legal Theory, Jurisprudence and Legal Interpretation |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 20, 2025 |
| Submission Date | November 12, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | December 11, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 29 Issue: 1 |
