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The effects of agricultural credit, oil price, inflation and exchange rate on agricultural employment in Türkiye: Evidence from ARDL approach

Year 2025, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 51 - 66, 30.06.2025

Onur Şeyranlıoğlu , Ayşegül Han

https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1614448

Abstract

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the effects of agricultural credit, oil prices, inflation and exchange rate on agricultural employment in Türkiye with quarterly data for the period 2005:Q1-2024:Q3. In the research model, agricultural value added is considered as a control variable.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The stationarity properties of the research variables were determined by ADF and Fourier ADF unit root tests. In the model established in the research, short- and long-term relationships are analyzed by ARDL bounds test approach.
Findings: In the long run, increases in agricultural credit, inflation and exchange rates have a negative impact on agricultural employment, while increases in oil prices have a limited positive contribution to employment. In the short run, lagged values of agricultural credit and exchange rates have significant effects on employment.
Originality/Value: The lack of research on the effects of agricultural credit, oil price, inflation, and exchange rate on agricultural employment in Türkiye has been the main motivation for writing this study within the framework of the results obtained from this research, it is believed that an important contribution to literature has been made with the policy recommendations for the sustainability of agricultural employment.

Keywords

ARDL bound test exchange rate inflation oil price agricultural employment agricultural credit.

References

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  • Adenle, A. A., Azadi, H. and Manning, L. (2018), “The era of sustainable agricultural development in Africa: Understanding the benefits and constraints”, Food Reviews International, 34(5), 411-433.
  • Ağazade, S. ve Eştürk, Ö. (2019), “Türkiye tarım sektöründe emek verimliliği ve istihdam ilişkisinin incelenmesi”, Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 9(2), 237-254.
  • Akçomak, I. S. and Ter Weel, B. (2009), “Social capital, innovation and growth: Evidence from Europe”, European Economic Review, 53(5), 544-567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2008.10.001.
  • Ammani, A. A. (2012), “An assessment of the impact of exchange rate deregulation and structural adjustment programme on cotton production and utilization in Nigeria”, Trends in Agricultural Economics, 5(1), 1-12.
  • Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK). (2024), Aylık Bankacılık Sektörü Verileri (Gelişmiş Gösterim). https://www.bddk.org.tr/BultenAylik/tr/Home/Gelismis (Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2024).
  • Bardhan, S. K., Gupta, S., Gorman, M. E. and Haider, M. A. (2015), “Bio-renewable chemicals: Feedstocks, technologies and the conflict with food production”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 506-520.
  • Becker, R., Enders, W. and Hurn, S. (2004), “A general test for time dependence in parameters”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 19(7), 899-906.
  • Becker, R., Enders, W. and Lee, J. (2006), “A stationarity test in the presence of an unknown number of smooth breaks”, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 27(3), 381-409.
  • Céu, M. S. and Gaspar, R. M. (2024), “A review on climate change, credit risk and agriculture”, Rural Sustainability Research, 51(346), 38-49.
  • Christopoulos, D. K. and León-Ledesma, M. A. (2010), “Smooth breaks and non-linear mean reversion: Post-Bretton Woods real exchange rates”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(6), 1076-1093.
  • Dethier, J. J. and Effenberger, A. (2011), “Agriculture and development: A brief review of the literature”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, WPS5553.
  • Diaz-Bonilla, E. and Robinson, S. (2010), “Macroeconomics, macro sectoral policies, and agriculture in developing countries”, Handbook of Agricultural Economics, 4, 3035-3213.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979), “Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427-431.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1981), “Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root”, Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
  • Elgarhy, S., Hassanin, T. M., Labn, A. A. and Rizk, R. M. (2016), “An analytical study for some economic variables impact on the Egyptian agricultural employment”, Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, 43, 597-607.
  • Enders, W. (2014), Applied econometric time series, (4th Edition), John Wiley, New York.
  • Foster, A. D. and Rosenzweig, M. R. (2007). “Economic development and the decline of agricultural employment”, Handbook of Development Economics, 4, 3051-3083. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4471(07)04047-8.
  • Garrone, M., Emmers, D., Olper, A. and Swinnen, J. (2019), “Jobs and agricultural policy: Impact of the common agricultural policy on EU agricultural employment”, Food Policy, 87, 101744.
  • Gholizade, H., Norouzi, G. and Feizabadi, Y. (2022), “The impact of macroeconomic variables on socio-economic indicators of agricultural section based on government development programs”, Brazilian Journal of Biology, 84, e261995.
  • Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., Pretty, J., Robinson, S., Thomas, S. M. and Toulmin, C. (2010). “Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people”, Science, 327(5967), 812-818.
  • Görmüş, A. (2019), “Türkiye’de tarımsal istihdamın cinsiyete dayalı yapısı ve sosyal politika önerileri”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 563-578.
  • Hamilton, J. D. (1994), Time series analysis, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  • Hepsağ, A. (2022). Ekonometrik zaman serileri analizlerinde güncel yöntemler, Der Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Jaiswal, B. and Agrawal, M. (2020), “Carbon footprints of agriculture sector”, Muthu, S. (Ed.), Carbon Footprints: Case Studies from the Building, Household, and Agricultural Sectors, Springer, Singapore, 81-99.
  • James, M., Eria, H. and Ibrahim, M. (2023), “Inter-sectoral linkages and economic growth in Uganda: A SAM-based multiplier model analysis”, Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(2), 2243167.
  • Karimi, V., Karami, E. and Keshavarz, M. (2018), “Climate change and agriculture: Impacts and adaptive responses in Iran”, Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(1), 1-15.
  • Kelikume, I. and Nwani, S. E. (2020). “Agricultural sector linkage with other sectors of the economy: Evidence from Nigeria”, South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, 7(1), 1-23.
  • Keskin, Ö (2024), “Kesirli-frekanslı Fourier yöntemlerle tarımsal istihdamın mekanizasyon ve krediyle ilişkisi üzerine bir zaman serisi analizi”, KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 27 (Ek Sayı 1), 231-242.
  • Kurmanova, G., Sukhanberdina, B. and Urazova, B. (2022), “The Phillips curve in agriculture: interaction of inflation and unemployment”, Problemy Agrorynka, 4, 207-214.
  • Kwakye, J. M., Ekechukwu, D. E. and Ogundipe, O. B. (2024), “Systematic review of the economic impacts of bioenergy on agricultural markets”, International Journal of Advanced Economics, 6(7), 306-318.
  • Lanjouw, J. O. and Lanjouw, P. (2001). “The rural non‐farm sector: issues and evidence from developing countries”, Agricultural Economics, 26(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00051.x.
  • Li, Y. and Rama, M. (2015). “Firm dynamics, productivity growth, and job creation in developing countries: The role of micro-and small enterprises”, The World Bank Research Observer, 30(1), 3-38. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkv002.
  • Liebman, A. K., Wiggins, M. F., Fraser, C., Levin, J., Sidebottom, J. and Arcury, T. A. (2013), “Occupational health policy and immigrant workers in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector”, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 56(8), 975-984.
  • Mc Carthy, U., Uysal, I., Badia-Melis, R., Mercier, S., O’Donnell, C. and Ktenioudaki, A. (2018), “Global food security–Issues, challenges and technological solutions”, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 77, 11-20.
  • Mendola, M. (2007). “Agricultural technology adoption and poverty reduction: A propensity-score matching analysis for rural Bangladesh”, Food Policy, 32(3), 372-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.07.003.
  • Merdan, K. (2024), “A study on the relationship between organic agriculture and agricultural employment in Türkiye”, İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 39(3), 658-674.
  • Narayan, P. and Smyth, R. (2005), “Trade liberalization and economic growth in Fiji. An empirical assessment using the ARDL approach”, Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 10(1), 96-115.
  • Narayan, P. K. (2005), “The saving and investment nexus for China: Evidence from cointegration tests”, Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.
  • Orji, A., Ogbuabor, J. E., Alisigwe, J. N. and Anthony-Orji, O. I. (2021), “Agricultural financing, agricultural output growth and employment generation in Nigeria”, European Journal of Business Science and Technology, 7(1), 74-90.
  • Perron, P., (1989), “The great crash, the oil price shock, and the unit root hypothesis”, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 57(6), 1361-1401.
  • Pesaran, M. H. and Shin, Y. (1995), “An autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis”, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, (No.9514).
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001), “Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Prilliadi, H. (2023a), “The impacts of renewable energy, exchange rate, and inflation on agricultural sector employment in Turkey”, Research in Agricultural Sciences, 54(3), 95-102.
  • Prilliadi, H. (2023b), “Enhancing the renewable energy and GDP share of agriculture in Indonesia: Analysis of the impacts on agricultural sector employment”, İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 38(2), 305-320.
  • Prince, A. I., Ehi, O. E., Brown-Ofoeme, M. N., Collins, O. and Alobele, I. A. (2023), “Social Policies and Poverty Reduction in Africa: A Nigeria-centered Perspective”, IIARD Journal of Humanities and Social Policy, 9(1), 49-77.
  • Ramakgasha, M. J., Thaba, T. K. and Rudzani, N. (2024), “Agricultural production and agricultural employment rate in South Africa: Time series analysis approach”, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 14(4), 148-153.
  • Sana, M., Jaffri, A. A. and Khan, A. (2022), “Impact of globalization on aggregate and agricultural employment in Pakistan”, Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business. 8(2), 93-107.
  • Schiff, M. and Valdés, A. (2002), “Agriculture and the macroeconomy, with emphasis on developing countries”, Handbook of Agricultural Economics, 2, 1421-1454.
  • Soliman, A. M., Lau, C. K., Cai, Y., Sarker, P. K. and Dastgir, S. (2023), “Asymmetric effects of energy inflation, agri-inflation and CPI on agricultural output: Evidence from NARDL and SVAR models for the UK”, Energy Economics, 126, 106920.
  • Tay Bayramoğlu, A. (2014), “The impact of agricultural commodity price increases on agricultural employment in Turkey”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 1058-1063.
  • Turhan, Ş. ve Erdal, B. (2022), “Ekonomik büyüme ve tarımsal istihdam”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(1), 66-74.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası Elektronik Veri Dağıtım Platformu (TCMB EVDS), (2024), Tüm Seriler. https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket (Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2024).
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). (2024), İstihdam, Ücret, İşsizlik Verileri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=istihdam-issizlik-ve-ucret-108&dil=1 (Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2024).
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Türkiye’de tarımsal kredi, petrol fiyatı, enflasyon ve döviz kurunun tarımsal istihdama etkisi: ARDL yaklaşımından kanıtlar

Year 2025, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 51 - 66, 30.06.2025

Onur Şeyranlıoğlu , Ayşegül Han

https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1614448

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma, 2005: Q1-2024: Q3 çeyrek dönemi verileri ile Türkiye'de tarımsal kredi, petrol fiyatı, enflasyon ve döviz kurunun tarımsal istihdam üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma modelinde tarımsal katma değer ise kontrol değişken olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Tasarım/Metodoloji/Yaklaşım: Araştırma değişkenlerinin durağanlık özellikleri ADF ve Fourier ADF birim kök testleri ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada kurulan modelde ise kısa ve uzun dönemli ilişkiler ARDL sınır test yaklaşımı ile ele alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Uzun dönemde tarımsal kredi, enflasyon ve döviz kurunun tarımsal istihdamı negatif etkilediği, petrol fiyatı ise istihdama sınırlı pozitif katkı sağladığı görülmüştür. Kısa vadede ise tarımsal kredi ve döviz kurunun gecikmeli değerlerinin istihdam üzerinde anlamlı etkiler yarattığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Özgünlük/Değer: Türkiye örnekleminde tarımsal istihdam üzerinde tarımsal kredi, petrol fiyatı, enflasyon ve döviz kurunun etkilerini bütüncül bir kapsamda ele alan bir araştırmaya erişilememesi, bu araştırmanın kaleme alınmasında temel motivasyon olmuştur. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar çerçevesinde tarımsal istihdamın sürdürülebilirliğine yönelik sunulan politika önerileri ile literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlandığı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

ARDL sınır testi döviz kuru enflasyon petrol fiyatı tarımsal istihdam tarımsal kredi.

References

  • Adeniyi, A. (2021), “Employment intensity of agricultural growth in Nigeria”, Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 60, 35-34.
  • Adenle, A. A., Azadi, H. and Manning, L. (2018), “The era of sustainable agricultural development in Africa: Understanding the benefits and constraints”, Food Reviews International, 34(5), 411-433.
  • Ağazade, S. ve Eştürk, Ö. (2019), “Türkiye tarım sektöründe emek verimliliği ve istihdam ilişkisinin incelenmesi”, Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 9(2), 237-254.
  • Akçomak, I. S. and Ter Weel, B. (2009), “Social capital, innovation and growth: Evidence from Europe”, European Economic Review, 53(5), 544-567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2008.10.001.
  • Ammani, A. A. (2012), “An assessment of the impact of exchange rate deregulation and structural adjustment programme on cotton production and utilization in Nigeria”, Trends in Agricultural Economics, 5(1), 1-12.
  • Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK). (2024), Aylık Bankacılık Sektörü Verileri (Gelişmiş Gösterim). https://www.bddk.org.tr/BultenAylik/tr/Home/Gelismis (Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2024).
  • Bardhan, S. K., Gupta, S., Gorman, M. E. and Haider, M. A. (2015), “Bio-renewable chemicals: Feedstocks, technologies and the conflict with food production”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 506-520.
  • Becker, R., Enders, W. and Hurn, S. (2004), “A general test for time dependence in parameters”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 19(7), 899-906.
  • Becker, R., Enders, W. and Lee, J. (2006), “A stationarity test in the presence of an unknown number of smooth breaks”, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 27(3), 381-409.
  • Céu, M. S. and Gaspar, R. M. (2024), “A review on climate change, credit risk and agriculture”, Rural Sustainability Research, 51(346), 38-49.
  • Christopoulos, D. K. and León-Ledesma, M. A. (2010), “Smooth breaks and non-linear mean reversion: Post-Bretton Woods real exchange rates”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(6), 1076-1093.
  • Dethier, J. J. and Effenberger, A. (2011), “Agriculture and development: A brief review of the literature”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, WPS5553.
  • Diaz-Bonilla, E. and Robinson, S. (2010), “Macroeconomics, macro sectoral policies, and agriculture in developing countries”, Handbook of Agricultural Economics, 4, 3035-3213.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979), “Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427-431.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1981), “Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root”, Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
  • Elgarhy, S., Hassanin, T. M., Labn, A. A. and Rizk, R. M. (2016), “An analytical study for some economic variables impact on the Egyptian agricultural employment”, Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, 43, 597-607.
  • Enders, W. (2014), Applied econometric time series, (4th Edition), John Wiley, New York.
  • Foster, A. D. and Rosenzweig, M. R. (2007). “Economic development and the decline of agricultural employment”, Handbook of Development Economics, 4, 3051-3083. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4471(07)04047-8.
  • Garrone, M., Emmers, D., Olper, A. and Swinnen, J. (2019), “Jobs and agricultural policy: Impact of the common agricultural policy on EU agricultural employment”, Food Policy, 87, 101744.
  • Gholizade, H., Norouzi, G. and Feizabadi, Y. (2022), “The impact of macroeconomic variables on socio-economic indicators of agricultural section based on government development programs”, Brazilian Journal of Biology, 84, e261995.
  • Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., Pretty, J., Robinson, S., Thomas, S. M. and Toulmin, C. (2010). “Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people”, Science, 327(5967), 812-818.
  • Görmüş, A. (2019), “Türkiye’de tarımsal istihdamın cinsiyete dayalı yapısı ve sosyal politika önerileri”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 563-578.
  • Hamilton, J. D. (1994), Time series analysis, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  • Hepsağ, A. (2022). Ekonometrik zaman serileri analizlerinde güncel yöntemler, Der Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Jaiswal, B. and Agrawal, M. (2020), “Carbon footprints of agriculture sector”, Muthu, S. (Ed.), Carbon Footprints: Case Studies from the Building, Household, and Agricultural Sectors, Springer, Singapore, 81-99.
  • James, M., Eria, H. and Ibrahim, M. (2023), “Inter-sectoral linkages and economic growth in Uganda: A SAM-based multiplier model analysis”, Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(2), 2243167.
  • Karimi, V., Karami, E. and Keshavarz, M. (2018), “Climate change and agriculture: Impacts and adaptive responses in Iran”, Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(1), 1-15.
  • Kelikume, I. and Nwani, S. E. (2020). “Agricultural sector linkage with other sectors of the economy: Evidence from Nigeria”, South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, 7(1), 1-23.
  • Keskin, Ö (2024), “Kesirli-frekanslı Fourier yöntemlerle tarımsal istihdamın mekanizasyon ve krediyle ilişkisi üzerine bir zaman serisi analizi”, KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 27 (Ek Sayı 1), 231-242.
  • Kurmanova, G., Sukhanberdina, B. and Urazova, B. (2022), “The Phillips curve in agriculture: interaction of inflation and unemployment”, Problemy Agrorynka, 4, 207-214.
  • Kwakye, J. M., Ekechukwu, D. E. and Ogundipe, O. B. (2024), “Systematic review of the economic impacts of bioenergy on agricultural markets”, International Journal of Advanced Economics, 6(7), 306-318.
  • Lanjouw, J. O. and Lanjouw, P. (2001). “The rural non‐farm sector: issues and evidence from developing countries”, Agricultural Economics, 26(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00051.x.
  • Li, Y. and Rama, M. (2015). “Firm dynamics, productivity growth, and job creation in developing countries: The role of micro-and small enterprises”, The World Bank Research Observer, 30(1), 3-38. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkv002.
  • Liebman, A. K., Wiggins, M. F., Fraser, C., Levin, J., Sidebottom, J. and Arcury, T. A. (2013), “Occupational health policy and immigrant workers in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector”, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 56(8), 975-984.
  • Mc Carthy, U., Uysal, I., Badia-Melis, R., Mercier, S., O’Donnell, C. and Ktenioudaki, A. (2018), “Global food security–Issues, challenges and technological solutions”, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 77, 11-20.
  • Mendola, M. (2007). “Agricultural technology adoption and poverty reduction: A propensity-score matching analysis for rural Bangladesh”, Food Policy, 32(3), 372-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.07.003.
  • Merdan, K. (2024), “A study on the relationship between organic agriculture and agricultural employment in Türkiye”, İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 39(3), 658-674.
  • Narayan, P. and Smyth, R. (2005), “Trade liberalization and economic growth in Fiji. An empirical assessment using the ARDL approach”, Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 10(1), 96-115.
  • Narayan, P. K. (2005), “The saving and investment nexus for China: Evidence from cointegration tests”, Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.
  • Orji, A., Ogbuabor, J. E., Alisigwe, J. N. and Anthony-Orji, O. I. (2021), “Agricultural financing, agricultural output growth and employment generation in Nigeria”, European Journal of Business Science and Technology, 7(1), 74-90.
  • Perron, P., (1989), “The great crash, the oil price shock, and the unit root hypothesis”, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 57(6), 1361-1401.
  • Pesaran, M. H. and Shin, Y. (1995), “An autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis”, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, (No.9514).
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001), “Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Prilliadi, H. (2023a), “The impacts of renewable energy, exchange rate, and inflation on agricultural sector employment in Turkey”, Research in Agricultural Sciences, 54(3), 95-102.
  • Prilliadi, H. (2023b), “Enhancing the renewable energy and GDP share of agriculture in Indonesia: Analysis of the impacts on agricultural sector employment”, İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 38(2), 305-320.
  • Prince, A. I., Ehi, O. E., Brown-Ofoeme, M. N., Collins, O. and Alobele, I. A. (2023), “Social Policies and Poverty Reduction in Africa: A Nigeria-centered Perspective”, IIARD Journal of Humanities and Social Policy, 9(1), 49-77.
  • Ramakgasha, M. J., Thaba, T. K. and Rudzani, N. (2024), “Agricultural production and agricultural employment rate in South Africa: Time series analysis approach”, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 14(4), 148-153.
  • Sana, M., Jaffri, A. A. and Khan, A. (2022), “Impact of globalization on aggregate and agricultural employment in Pakistan”, Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business. 8(2), 93-107.
  • Schiff, M. and Valdés, A. (2002), “Agriculture and the macroeconomy, with emphasis on developing countries”, Handbook of Agricultural Economics, 2, 1421-1454.
  • Soliman, A. M., Lau, C. K., Cai, Y., Sarker, P. K. and Dastgir, S. (2023), “Asymmetric effects of energy inflation, agri-inflation and CPI on agricultural output: Evidence from NARDL and SVAR models for the UK”, Energy Economics, 126, 106920.
  • Tay Bayramoğlu, A. (2014), “The impact of agricultural commodity price increases on agricultural employment in Turkey”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 1058-1063.
  • Turhan, Ş. ve Erdal, B. (2022), “Ekonomik büyüme ve tarımsal istihdam”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(1), 66-74.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası Elektronik Veri Dağıtım Platformu (TCMB EVDS), (2024), Tüm Seriler. https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket (Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2024).
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Economics (Other)
Journal Section Research
Authors

Onur Şeyranlıoğlu 0000-0002-1105-4034

Ayşegül Han 0000-0002-3390-2129

Early Pub Date June 30, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date January 6, 2025
Acceptance Date April 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 31 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şeyranlıoğlu, O., & Han, A. (2025). Türkiye’de tarımsal kredi, petrol fiyatı, enflasyon ve döviz kurunun tarımsal istihdama etkisi: ARDL yaklaşımından kanıtlar. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 31(1), 51-66. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1614448
AMA Şeyranlıoğlu O, Han A. Türkiye’de tarımsal kredi, petrol fiyatı, enflasyon ve döviz kurunun tarımsal istihdama etkisi: ARDL yaklaşımından kanıtlar. TJAE. June 2025;31(1):51-66. doi:10.24181/tarekoder.1614448
Chicago Şeyranlıoğlu, Onur, and Ayşegül Han. “Türkiye’de tarımsal Kredi, Petrol fiyatı, Enflasyon Ve döviz Kurunun tarımsal Istihdama Etkisi: ARDL yaklaşımından kanıtlar”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 31, no. 1 (June 2025): 51-66. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1614448.
EndNote Şeyranlıoğlu O, Han A (June 1, 2025) Türkiye’de tarımsal kredi, petrol fiyatı, enflasyon ve döviz kurunun tarımsal istihdama etkisi: ARDL yaklaşımından kanıtlar. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 31 1 51–66.
IEEE O. Şeyranlıoğlu and A. Han, “Türkiye’de tarımsal kredi, petrol fiyatı, enflasyon ve döviz kurunun tarımsal istihdama etkisi: ARDL yaklaşımından kanıtlar”, TJAE, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 51–66, 2025, doi: 10.24181/tarekoder.1614448.
ISNAD Şeyranlıoğlu, Onur - Han, Ayşegül. “Türkiye’de tarımsal Kredi, Petrol fiyatı, Enflasyon Ve döviz Kurunun tarımsal Istihdama Etkisi: ARDL yaklaşımından kanıtlar”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 31/1 (June 2025), 51-66. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1614448.
JAMA Şeyranlıoğlu O, Han A. Türkiye’de tarımsal kredi, petrol fiyatı, enflasyon ve döviz kurunun tarımsal istihdama etkisi: ARDL yaklaşımından kanıtlar. TJAE. 2025;31:51–66.
MLA Şeyranlıoğlu, Onur and Ayşegül Han. “Türkiye’de tarımsal Kredi, Petrol fiyatı, Enflasyon Ve döviz Kurunun tarımsal Istihdama Etkisi: ARDL yaklaşımından kanıtlar”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, vol. 31, no. 1, 2025, pp. 51-66, doi:10.24181/tarekoder.1614448.
Vancouver Şeyranlıoğlu O, Han A. Türkiye’de tarımsal kredi, petrol fiyatı, enflasyon ve döviz kurunun tarımsal istihdama etkisi: ARDL yaklaşımından kanıtlar. TJAE. 2025;31(1):51-66.
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