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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Food Preferences: Earthquake Disaster of The Century

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 439 - 449, 26.06.2025

Tuba Ustaoğlu , Zeynep Parlak Özer , Halil Ibrahim Ozturk , İhsan Berk

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1559606

Öz

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that occurs after traumatic events such as earthquakes. Earthquakes significantly affect public health and eating habits. The aims are to identify the types of food available after the earthquake, the prevalence of PTSD, and the changes in food preferences among individuals with PTSD.

This study is a cross-sectional online survey, conducted among 250 students who experienced twin earthquakes. Sociodemographic characteristics, changes in eating habits and food preferences after the earthquakes, and PTSD conditions were evaluated.

The prevalence of PTSD was found to be 42%. Female gender, physical injury and loss of relatives due to the earthquake, sheltering somewhere other than home, history of a psychiatric illness treated before the earthquake and changes in food preferences were found to be higher in PTSD. Participants with PTSD have increased or decreased appetite. Consumption of packaged products, carbohydrate group foods, tea and coffee increased in those with PTSD; consumption of vegetables, meat and protein-enriched products has decreased. There was no change in those without PTSD after the earthquake.

There are nutritional changes in those with PTSD after the earthquake and suggests that stress may affect eating habits and food preferences. It would be benefical to investigate in community-based longitudinal studies that adequate-balanced nutrition may have the potential to contribute to a better mood in earthquake survivors. Monitoring individuals with PTSD through teamwork including a psychiatrist and a dietitian can prevent possible problems in terms of public health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Post traumatic stress disorders Nutrition preferences Nutrition habits Earthquake Disaster

Kaynakça

  • 1. Wei B, Su G, Li Y. “Evaluating the cognition and response of middle/high school students to earthquake-A case study from the 2013 Mw6.6 Lushan earthquake-hit area, China.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2020;51:101825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101825
  • 2. Kuševıc Z, Krstanovıć K, Kroflın K. “Some psychological, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular consequences of earthquakes”. Psychiatria Danubia. 2021; 33:1248-1253. PMID: 35503936
  • 3. Kokai M, Fujii S, Shinfuku N, Edwards G. “Natural disaster and mental health in Asia. ” Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2004;58(2):110-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2003.01203.x.
  • 4. AFAD. 06 Şubat 2023 Pazarcık-Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) Mw: 7.7 – Mw: 7.6 Depremleri Raporu. 2023. [acces Date: 06.05.2024]. Available from https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/assets/pdf/Kahramanmaraş%20Depremi%20%20Raporu_02.06.2023.pdf ()
  • 5. World Health Organization (WHO)/Regional Office for Europe Türkiye earthquake: external situation report no. 9: 1 May – 4 June 2023. WHO/EURO:2023-7145-46911-70035. 2023. [acces Date:06.05.2024] Avaliable from https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/370621/WHO-EURO-2023-7145-46911-70035%20eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • 6. Yıldız Mİ, Başterzi AD, Yildirim EA, Yüksel Ş. “Preventive and Therapeutic Mental Health Care after the Earthquake- Expert Opinion from the Psychiatric Association of Turkey”. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2023;34(1):39-49. doi: 10.5080/u27305.
  • 7. Harada N, Shigemura J, Tanichi M.“Mental health and psychological impacts from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster: a systematic literature review”. Disaster and Military Medicine. 2015; 2;1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40696-015-0008-x
  • 8. Farooqui M, Quadri SA, Suriya SS. “Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication”. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2017;39, 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029
  • 9. Cénat JM, McIntee SE, Blais-Rochette C. “Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and other mental health problems following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020; 1;273:55-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.046.
  • 10. Fan F, Zhang Y, Yang Y. “Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety among adolescents following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China”. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2011;24(1):44-53. doi: 10.1002/jts.20599.
  • 11. Dai W, Chen L, Lai Z. “The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors after earthquakes:a systematic review and meta-analysis”. BMC Psychiatry.2016; 7; 16: 188 https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12888-016-0891-9.
  • 12. Ma E, Ohira T, Nakano H.“Dietary pattern changes in Fukushima residents after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey 2011–2013”. Public Health Nutrition.2021; 24(8):2195-2204. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020000300.
  • 13. Sanlier, N. and Yabanci, N. “The Effects of Two Earthquakes in the Marmara Region of Turkey on the Nutritional Status of Adults”. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition,2007; 6(4), 327-331
  • 14. Yazawa A, Shiba K, Hikichi H, Okuzono SS, Aida J, Kondo K, Sasaki S, Kawachi I. “Post-Disaster Mental Health and Dietary Patterns among Older Survivors of an Earthquake and Tsunami”. The Journal of Nutrition Health Aging.2023; 27(2):124-133. doi: 10.1007/s12603-023-1887-z.
  • 15. Coşkun A, Karakaya I, Ağaoğlu B. “Marmara depreminden üç buçuk yıl sonra ergenlerde TSSB, depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileri”. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi.2004;15(4). 257-263.
  • 16. Tavakol M, Dennick R.“Making sense of Cronbach's alpha.” International Journal of Medical Education. 2011;27;2:53-55 https://doi.org/10.5116%2Fijme.4dfb.8dfd .
  • 17. Blevins CA, Weathers FW, Davis MT Witte TK, Domino JL. “The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation”. Journal of Traumatic Stress .2015; 28(6):489-98. doi: 10.1002/jts.22059.
  • 18. Boysan M, Guzel Ozdemir P, Ozdemir O. “Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PCL-5)”. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2017;27,300-310 https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2017.1342769
  • 19. Bushnaq T, Algheshairy RM, Almujaydil MS.“Dietary Habits and Lifestyle Behaviors of Saudi Residents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study”. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 23;19(13):7659. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19137659.
  • 20. World Health Organization (WHO)” “A healthy lifestyle-WHO recommendations” [acces Date:1.12.2024]. Available from https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/a-healthy-lifestyle---who-recommendations
  • 21. Carr VJ, Lewin TJ, Webster RA. “Psychosocial sequelae of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake: I. Community disaster experiences and psychological morbidity 6 months post-disaster”. Psychological Medicine. 1995; 25(3), 539–555 doi: 10.1017/s0033291700033468.
  • 22. Kiliç C, Ulusoy M. “Psychological effects of the November 1999 earthquake in Turkey: An epidemiological study”. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2003;108,232-238 doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00119.x.
  • 23. Boztas MH, Aker AT, Munir K. “Post traumatic stress disorder among adults in the aftermath of 2011 Van-Ercis earthquake”. Turkish Journal of Clınical Psychiatry.2019;22(4),380-388. https://dx.doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2019.62534
  • 24. Kun P, Chen X, Han S.“Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in Sichuan Province, China after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake”. Public Health. 2009; 123(11):703-7. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.09.017.
  • 25. Başoǧlu M, Kılıç C, Şalcioǧlu EL. “Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey: An epidemiological study”. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2004;17(2):133-41 doi: 10.1023/B:JOTS.0000022619.31615.e8.
  • 26. Eik-Nes TT, Tokatlian A, Raman J, Spirou D, Kvaløy K. “Depression, anxiety, and psychosocial stressors across BMI classes: A Norwegian population study- The HUNT Study”. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).2022;10(13):886148 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886148
  • 27. Ainehvand S, Raeissi P, Ravaghi H. “Natural disasters and challenges toward achievng food security response in Iran”. Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2019; 14;8:51 https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjehp.jehp_256_18.
  • 28. Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Purba MB. “Nutrition and earthquakes: experience and recommendations”. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014; 23(4):505-13. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.4.23.
  • 29. Herrera-Fontana ME, Chisaguano AM, Villagomez V. “Food insecurity and malnutrition in vulnerable households with children under 5 years on the Ecuadorian coast: A post-earthquake analysis”. Rural and Remote Health.2020; 20(1):5237. doi: 10.22605/RRH5237.
  • 30. Kim Y, Roberts AL, Rimm EB, Chibnik LB, Tworoger SS, Nishimi KM, Sumner JA, Koenen KC, Kubzansky LD. “Posttraumatic stress disorder and changes in diet quality over 20 years among US women”. Psychol Med. 2021;51(2):310-319. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719003246.
  • 31. Schreinemachers P, Shrestha RM, Gole B.“Drivers of Food Choice among Children and Caregivers in Post-earthquake Nepal”. Ecology of Food and Nutrition.2021; 60(6):826-846. doi: 10.1080/03670244.2021.1969925.
  • 32. Uemura M, Ohira T, Yasumura S. “Post-Disaster Mental Health and Dietary Patterns among Older Survivors of an Earthquake and TsunamiAssociation between psychological distress and dietary intake among evacuees after the Great East Japan Earthquake in a cross-sectional study: The Fukushima Health Management Survey”. BMJ Open.2016; 5;6(7):e011534. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011534. 33. Kuijer RG, Boyce J. “Emotional eating and its effect on eating behaviour after a natural disaster”. Appetite. 2012;58(3):936-9. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.046.
  • 34. Saghafian F, Malmir H, Saneei P. “Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of depression: Accumulative evidence from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies”. British Journal of Nutrition.2018; 119(10):1087-1101. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518000697 35. Elstgeest LEM, Visser M, Penninx BWJH.“Bidirectional associations between food groups and depressive symptoms: Longitudinal findings from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study”. The British Journal of Nutrition.2019; 121(4):439-450. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518003203.
  • 36. Jacka F, Cherbuin N, Anstey K.“Does reverse causality explain the relationship between diet and depression?” Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;1;175:248-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.007.
  • 37. Hirth JM, Rahman M, Berenson AB.“The Association of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with Fast Food and Soda Consumption and Unhealthy Weight Loss Behaviors Among Young Women”. Journal of Women’s Health .2001; 20(8):1141-1149. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2675.
  • 38. Godfrey KM, Lindamer LA, Mostoufi S, Afari N.“Posttraumatic stress disorder and health: A preliminary study of group differences in health and health behaviors”. Annals of general psychiatry.2013; 26;12(1):30. doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-12-30.
  • 39. Hirth JM, Rahman M, Berenson AB.“The association of posttraumatic stress disorder with fast food and soda consumption and unhealthy weight loss behaviors among young women”. J Womens Health (Larchmt).2011; 20(8):1141-9. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2675. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
  • 40. Lara DR. “Caffeine, mental health, and psychiatric disorders” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease. 2010;20(1):239-248. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1378.

Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu ve Besin Tercihleri: Yüzyılın Deprem Felaketi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 439 - 449, 26.06.2025

Tuba Ustaoğlu , Zeynep Parlak Özer , Halil Ibrahim Ozturk , İhsan Berk

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1559606

Öz

Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) deprem gibi travmatik olaylardan sonra ortaya çıkabilen psikiyatrik bir bozukluktur. Depremler halk sağlığını ve beslenme alışkanlıklarını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, deprem sonrası besin seçimini, TSSB'nin yaygınlığını ve TSSB olan bireylerde besin tercihlerindeki değişiklikleri belirlemektir.
Bu çalışma, 6 Şubat depremlerini yaşamış 250 öğrenci ile yapılan kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Çevirim içi olarak gönüllü katılımcılardan sosyodemografik özellikler, deprem sonrası yeme alışkanlıkları, besin tercihlerindeki değişiklikler ve TSSB durumları kaydedilmiştir.
Katılımcıların TSSB prevalansı %42 olarak bulunmuştur. Kadın cinsiyet, deprem nedeniyle fiziksel yaralanma ve yakın kaybı, ev dışında bir yerde barınma, depremden önce tedavi edilen psikiyatrik hastalık öyküsü ve besin tercihlerindeki değişiklikler TSSB olan katılımcılarda daha yüksek bulunmuştur. TSSB olan katılımcıların iştahı artmış veya azalmıştır. Bununla birlikte; paketli ürün, karbonhidrat grubu besinler, çay ve kahve tüketimi artmış; sebze, et ve proteinle zenginleştirilmiş ürün tüketimi azalmıştır. TSSB olmayanlarda deprem sonrasında herhangi bir değişiklik olmamıştır.
Deprem sonrasında TSSB olanlarda beslenme değişikliklerinin olması, stresin beslenme alışkanlıklarını ve besin tercihlerini etkileyebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Yeterli-dengeli beslenmenin depremzedelerde daha iyi bir ruh haline katkıda bulunabileceği düşünülerek toplum temelli boylamsal çalışmalarla araştırılması faydalı olacaktır. TSSB olan bireylerin psikiyatrist ve diyetisyenden oluşan bir ekip çalışmasıyla izlenmesi toplum sağlığı açısından olası sorunların önüne geçebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu Besin tercihleri Beslenme alışkanlıkları Deprem

Kaynakça

  • 1. Wei B, Su G, Li Y. “Evaluating the cognition and response of middle/high school students to earthquake-A case study from the 2013 Mw6.6 Lushan earthquake-hit area, China.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2020;51:101825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101825
  • 2. Kuševıc Z, Krstanovıć K, Kroflın K. “Some psychological, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular consequences of earthquakes”. Psychiatria Danubia. 2021; 33:1248-1253. PMID: 35503936
  • 3. Kokai M, Fujii S, Shinfuku N, Edwards G. “Natural disaster and mental health in Asia. ” Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2004;58(2):110-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2003.01203.x.
  • 4. AFAD. 06 Şubat 2023 Pazarcık-Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) Mw: 7.7 – Mw: 7.6 Depremleri Raporu. 2023. [acces Date: 06.05.2024]. Available from https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/assets/pdf/Kahramanmaraş%20Depremi%20%20Raporu_02.06.2023.pdf ()
  • 5. World Health Organization (WHO)/Regional Office for Europe Türkiye earthquake: external situation report no. 9: 1 May – 4 June 2023. WHO/EURO:2023-7145-46911-70035. 2023. [acces Date:06.05.2024] Avaliable from https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/370621/WHO-EURO-2023-7145-46911-70035%20eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • 6. Yıldız Mİ, Başterzi AD, Yildirim EA, Yüksel Ş. “Preventive and Therapeutic Mental Health Care after the Earthquake- Expert Opinion from the Psychiatric Association of Turkey”. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2023;34(1):39-49. doi: 10.5080/u27305.
  • 7. Harada N, Shigemura J, Tanichi M.“Mental health and psychological impacts from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster: a systematic literature review”. Disaster and Military Medicine. 2015; 2;1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40696-015-0008-x
  • 8. Farooqui M, Quadri SA, Suriya SS. “Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication”. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2017;39, 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029
  • 9. Cénat JM, McIntee SE, Blais-Rochette C. “Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and other mental health problems following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020; 1;273:55-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.046.
  • 10. Fan F, Zhang Y, Yang Y. “Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety among adolescents following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China”. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2011;24(1):44-53. doi: 10.1002/jts.20599.
  • 11. Dai W, Chen L, Lai Z. “The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors after earthquakes:a systematic review and meta-analysis”. BMC Psychiatry.2016; 7; 16: 188 https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12888-016-0891-9.
  • 12. Ma E, Ohira T, Nakano H.“Dietary pattern changes in Fukushima residents after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey 2011–2013”. Public Health Nutrition.2021; 24(8):2195-2204. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020000300.
  • 13. Sanlier, N. and Yabanci, N. “The Effects of Two Earthquakes in the Marmara Region of Turkey on the Nutritional Status of Adults”. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition,2007; 6(4), 327-331
  • 14. Yazawa A, Shiba K, Hikichi H, Okuzono SS, Aida J, Kondo K, Sasaki S, Kawachi I. “Post-Disaster Mental Health and Dietary Patterns among Older Survivors of an Earthquake and Tsunami”. The Journal of Nutrition Health Aging.2023; 27(2):124-133. doi: 10.1007/s12603-023-1887-z.
  • 15. Coşkun A, Karakaya I, Ağaoğlu B. “Marmara depreminden üç buçuk yıl sonra ergenlerde TSSB, depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileri”. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi.2004;15(4). 257-263.
  • 16. Tavakol M, Dennick R.“Making sense of Cronbach's alpha.” International Journal of Medical Education. 2011;27;2:53-55 https://doi.org/10.5116%2Fijme.4dfb.8dfd .
  • 17. Blevins CA, Weathers FW, Davis MT Witte TK, Domino JL. “The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation”. Journal of Traumatic Stress .2015; 28(6):489-98. doi: 10.1002/jts.22059.
  • 18. Boysan M, Guzel Ozdemir P, Ozdemir O. “Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PCL-5)”. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2017;27,300-310 https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2017.1342769
  • 19. Bushnaq T, Algheshairy RM, Almujaydil MS.“Dietary Habits and Lifestyle Behaviors of Saudi Residents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study”. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 23;19(13):7659. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19137659.
  • 20. World Health Organization (WHO)” “A healthy lifestyle-WHO recommendations” [acces Date:1.12.2024]. Available from https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/a-healthy-lifestyle---who-recommendations
  • 21. Carr VJ, Lewin TJ, Webster RA. “Psychosocial sequelae of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake: I. Community disaster experiences and psychological morbidity 6 months post-disaster”. Psychological Medicine. 1995; 25(3), 539–555 doi: 10.1017/s0033291700033468.
  • 22. Kiliç C, Ulusoy M. “Psychological effects of the November 1999 earthquake in Turkey: An epidemiological study”. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2003;108,232-238 doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00119.x.
  • 23. Boztas MH, Aker AT, Munir K. “Post traumatic stress disorder among adults in the aftermath of 2011 Van-Ercis earthquake”. Turkish Journal of Clınical Psychiatry.2019;22(4),380-388. https://dx.doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2019.62534
  • 24. Kun P, Chen X, Han S.“Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in Sichuan Province, China after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake”. Public Health. 2009; 123(11):703-7. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.09.017.
  • 25. Başoǧlu M, Kılıç C, Şalcioǧlu EL. “Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey: An epidemiological study”. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2004;17(2):133-41 doi: 10.1023/B:JOTS.0000022619.31615.e8.
  • 26. Eik-Nes TT, Tokatlian A, Raman J, Spirou D, Kvaløy K. “Depression, anxiety, and psychosocial stressors across BMI classes: A Norwegian population study- The HUNT Study”. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).2022;10(13):886148 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886148
  • 27. Ainehvand S, Raeissi P, Ravaghi H. “Natural disasters and challenges toward achievng food security response in Iran”. Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2019; 14;8:51 https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjehp.jehp_256_18.
  • 28. Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Purba MB. “Nutrition and earthquakes: experience and recommendations”. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014; 23(4):505-13. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.4.23.
  • 29. Herrera-Fontana ME, Chisaguano AM, Villagomez V. “Food insecurity and malnutrition in vulnerable households with children under 5 years on the Ecuadorian coast: A post-earthquake analysis”. Rural and Remote Health.2020; 20(1):5237. doi: 10.22605/RRH5237.
  • 30. Kim Y, Roberts AL, Rimm EB, Chibnik LB, Tworoger SS, Nishimi KM, Sumner JA, Koenen KC, Kubzansky LD. “Posttraumatic stress disorder and changes in diet quality over 20 years among US women”. Psychol Med. 2021;51(2):310-319. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719003246.
  • 31. Schreinemachers P, Shrestha RM, Gole B.“Drivers of Food Choice among Children and Caregivers in Post-earthquake Nepal”. Ecology of Food and Nutrition.2021; 60(6):826-846. doi: 10.1080/03670244.2021.1969925.
  • 32. Uemura M, Ohira T, Yasumura S. “Post-Disaster Mental Health and Dietary Patterns among Older Survivors of an Earthquake and TsunamiAssociation between psychological distress and dietary intake among evacuees after the Great East Japan Earthquake in a cross-sectional study: The Fukushima Health Management Survey”. BMJ Open.2016; 5;6(7):e011534. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011534. 33. Kuijer RG, Boyce J. “Emotional eating and its effect on eating behaviour after a natural disaster”. Appetite. 2012;58(3):936-9. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.046.
  • 34. Saghafian F, Malmir H, Saneei P. “Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of depression: Accumulative evidence from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies”. British Journal of Nutrition.2018; 119(10):1087-1101. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518000697 35. Elstgeest LEM, Visser M, Penninx BWJH.“Bidirectional associations between food groups and depressive symptoms: Longitudinal findings from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study”. The British Journal of Nutrition.2019; 121(4):439-450. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518003203.
  • 36. Jacka F, Cherbuin N, Anstey K.“Does reverse causality explain the relationship between diet and depression?” Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;1;175:248-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.007.
  • 37. Hirth JM, Rahman M, Berenson AB.“The Association of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with Fast Food and Soda Consumption and Unhealthy Weight Loss Behaviors Among Young Women”. Journal of Women’s Health .2001; 20(8):1141-1149. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2675.
  • 38. Godfrey KM, Lindamer LA, Mostoufi S, Afari N.“Posttraumatic stress disorder and health: A preliminary study of group differences in health and health behaviors”. Annals of general psychiatry.2013; 26;12(1):30. doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-12-30.
  • 39. Hirth JM, Rahman M, Berenson AB.“The association of posttraumatic stress disorder with fast food and soda consumption and unhealthy weight loss behaviors among young women”. J Womens Health (Larchmt).2011; 20(8):1141-9. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2675. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
  • 40. Lara DR. “Caffeine, mental health, and psychiatric disorders” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease. 2010;20(1):239-248. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1378.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Beslenme Bilimi, Halk Sağlığı Beslenmesi, Psikiyatri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tuba Ustaoğlu 0000-0003-1137-0368

Zeynep Parlak Özer 0000-0002-1571-8950

Halil Ibrahim Ozturk 0000-0002-2802-1343

İhsan Berk 0000-0002-4008-2480

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 27 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ustaoğlu, T., Parlak Özer, Z., Ozturk, H. I., Berk, İ. (2025). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Food Preferences: Earthquake Disaster of The Century. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(2), 439-449. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1559606
AMA Ustaoğlu T, Parlak Özer Z, Ozturk HI, Berk İ. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Food Preferences: Earthquake Disaster of The Century. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Haziran 2025;14(2):439-449. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1559606
Chicago Ustaoğlu, Tuba, Zeynep Parlak Özer, Halil Ibrahim Ozturk, ve İhsan Berk. “Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Food Preferences: Earthquake Disaster of The Century”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 14, sy. 2 (Haziran 2025): 439-49. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1559606.
EndNote Ustaoğlu T, Parlak Özer Z, Ozturk HI, Berk İ (01 Haziran 2025) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Food Preferences: Earthquake Disaster of The Century. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 14 2 439–449.
IEEE T. Ustaoğlu, Z. Parlak Özer, H. I. Ozturk, ve İ. Berk, “Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Food Preferences: Earthquake Disaster of The Century”, Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 2, ss. 439–449, 2025, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1559606.
ISNAD Ustaoğlu, Tuba vd. “Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Food Preferences: Earthquake Disaster of The Century”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 14/2 (Haziran 2025), 439-449. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1559606.
JAMA Ustaoğlu T, Parlak Özer Z, Ozturk HI, Berk İ. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Food Preferences: Earthquake Disaster of The Century. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;14:439–449.
MLA Ustaoğlu, Tuba vd. “Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Food Preferences: Earthquake Disaster of The Century”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 439-4, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1559606.
Vancouver Ustaoğlu T, Parlak Özer Z, Ozturk HI, Berk İ. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Food Preferences: Earthquake Disaster of The Century. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;14(2):439-4.
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