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The Awareness of Special Education Teachers about Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 767 - 788, 31.12.2024

Çimen Oğur , Seray Olçay

https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.1543452

Öz

Comprehensive sexuality education aims to equip individuals with relevant knowledge, skills, attitudes and values, assist them in the establishment of adequate social and sexual relationships, and maximize their awareness about decision-making and their rights. It was reported in the literature that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are one of the disability groups that require sexuality education. It was emphasized that teachers play a key role in sexuality education. The present descriptive study aimed to determine the knowledge and experience levels, and professional development requirements of the teachers who instruct individuals with ASD in comprehensive sexuality education. The study was conducted with 200 volunteering teachers, and the study data were collected with a survey form. The study findings indicated that only 10% of the teachers instructed sexuality education to individuals with ASD, and the teachers did not have adequate knowledge on comprehensive sex education content. They focused on the biological dimension of comprehensive sexuality education, and they did not instruct the content associated with relationship, rights, culture, and skills that ensure the health and well-being of the individuals. The findings are discussed based on the previous studies, and practical recommendations and suggestions for further research are presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Comprehensive sexuality education autism spectrum disorders teachers sexuality

Etik Beyan

The research was reviewed by the Hacettepe University at its meeting held on 11/10/2023 and was found ethically appropriate. The number of the document is E-66777842-300-00003133621.

Kaynakça

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  • Bollman, J. R., Davis, P. K., & Zarcone, J. (2009). Teaching Women With Intellectual Disabilities to Identify and Report Inappropriate Staff‐To‐Resident Interactions. doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2009.42-813
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  • Brown, R. D., & Pirtle, T. (2008). Beliefs of professional and family caregivers about the sexuality of individuals with intellectual disabilities: examining beliefs using a Q‐methodology approach. Sex Educatio, 8 (1), 59-75. doi.org/10.1080/14681810701811829
  • Brown, M., Linden, M., Marsh, L., Truesdale, M., Sheerin, F., & McCormick, F. (2024, May). The experiences of young people with intellectual disability, parents and professionals in relationships and sexuality education programmes: findings from a qualitative study. In Healthcare (Vol. 12, No. 11, p. 1105). MDPI. doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12111105
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Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 767 - 788, 31.12.2024

Çimen Oğur , Seray Olçay

https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.1543452

Öz

Kaynakça

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Akdemir, B. (2024). Opinions of special education teachers on inappropriate sexual behaviors in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 70(4), 641-650. doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2022.2129127
  • Ariyanti, T. D., & Royanto, L. R. (2017, September). The effectiveness of social stories and video modeling in improving self-care skills in female adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities during menstrual periods. In 1st International Conference on Intervention and Applied Psychology (ICIAP 2017)(pp. 189-199). Atlantis Press. doi.org/10.2991/iciap-17.2018.16
  • Ballan, M. S., & Freyer, M. B. (2017). Autism spectrum disorder, adolescence, and sex education: Suggested interventions for mental health professionals. Sexuality and Disability, 35(2), 261-273. doi.org/10.1007/s11195- 017-9477-9
  • Bollman, J. R., Davis, P. K., & Zarcone, J. (2009). Teaching Women With Intellectual Disabilities to Identify and Report Inappropriate Staff‐To‐Resident Interactions. doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2009.42-813
  • Bourke, A., Cullen, C., & Maunsell, C. (2024). Preparing to teach relationships and sexuality education: student teachers’ perceived knowledge and attitudes. Sex Education, 1-18. doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2024.2337860
  • Brown, R. D., & Pirtle, T. (2008). Beliefs of professional and family caregivers about the sexuality of individuals with intellectual disabilities: examining beliefs using a Q‐methodology approach. Sex Educatio, 8 (1), 59-75. doi.org/10.1080/14681810701811829
  • Brown, M., Linden, M., Marsh, L., Truesdale, M., Sheerin, F., & McCormick, F. (2024, May). The experiences of young people with intellectual disability, parents and professionals in relationships and sexuality education programmes: findings from a qualitative study. In Healthcare (Vol. 12, No. 11, p. 1105). MDPI. doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12111105
  • Bruno, V., Baiocco, R., & Pistella, J. (2024). Teachers’ Attitudes and Opinions Toward Sexuality Education in School: A Systematic Review of Secondary and High School Teachers. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 1-39. doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2024.2353708
  • Christian, L., Stinson, J., & Dotson, L. A. (2001). Staff values regarding the sexual expression of women with developmental disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 19, 283-291. doi:10.1023/a:1017957409670
  • Constantine, N. A., Jerman, P., Berglas, N. F., Angulo-Olaiz, F., Chou, C. P., & Rohrbach, L. A. (2015). Short-term effects of a rights-based sex education curriculum for high-school students: a cluster-randomized trial. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1-13. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1625-5
  • CRPD. (2006). Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-opersonswith-disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities-2.html
  • Daymon, C., & Holloway, I. ( 2011 ) Qualitative research methods in public relations and marketing communications, 2nd ed. . Abingdon , UK : Routledge .
  • Dupas, P. (2011). Do teenagers respond to HIV risk information? Evidence from a field experiment in Kenya. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3(1), 1-34.
  • Egemo‐Helm, K. R., Miltenberger, R. G., Knudson, P., Finstrom, N., Jostad, C., & Johnson, B. (2007). An evaluation of in situ training to teach sexual abuse prevention skills to women with mental retardation. Behavioral Interventions: Theory & Practice in Residential & Community‐Based Clinical Programs, 22(2), 99-119. doi.org/10.1002/bin.234
  • Flynn, S. D., & Lo, Y. Y. (2016). Teacher implementation of trial-based functional analysis and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior for students with challenging behavior. Journal of Behavioral Education, 25, 1-31. doi.org/10.1007/s10864-015-9231-2
  • Fonner, V. A., Armstrong, K. S., Kennedy, C. E., O'Reilly, K. R., & Sweat, M. D. (2014). School based sex education and HIV prevention in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos One, 9(3), e89692. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089692
  • Frawley, P., & Wilson, N. J. (2016). Young people with intellectual disability talking about sex education and information. Sexuality and Disability, 34, 469-484. doi:10.1007/s11195-016-9460-x
  • Fu, W., Huang, L., Liu, R., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Special education teachers’ attitudes towards teaching sex education to students with intellectual disabilities in Malaysia. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1-12. doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2024.2340188
  • Gardner, F., Montgomery, P., & Knerr, W. (2016). Transporting evidence-based parenting programs for child problem behavior (age 3–10) between countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45(6), 749-762. doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1015134
  • Gatheridge, B. J., Miltenberger, R. G., Huneke, D. F., Satterlund, M. J., Mattern, A. R., Johnson, B. M., & Flessner, C. A. (2004). Comparison of two programs to teach firearm injury prevention skills to 6-and 7-year-old children. Pediatrics, 114(3), e294-e299. doi.org/10.1542/peds.2003-0635-L
  • Gill, M. (2012). Sex can wait, masturbate: The politics of masturbation training. Sexualities, 15(3-4), 472-493. doi.org/10.1177/1363460712439
  • Girgin-Büyükbayraktar, Ç., Konuk-Er, R., & Kesici, S. (2017). According to the Opinions of Teachers of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities: What Are the Sexual Problems of Students with Special Education Needs? How Should Sexual Education Be Provided for Them? Journal of Education and Practice, 8(7), 107-115.
  • Groce, N. E., Rohleder, P., Eide, A. H., MacLachlan, M., Mall, S., & Swartz, L. (2013). HIV issues and people with disabilities: a review and agenda for research. Social Science & Medicine 77, 31-40. doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.10.024
  • Haberland, N., & Rogow, D. (2015). Sex education: Emerging trends in evidence and practice. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1), S15-S21. doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.013
  • Hamilton, C. A. (2009). ‘Now I’d like to sleep with Rachael’–researching sexuality support in a service agency group home. Disability & Society, 24(3), 303-315. doi.org/10.1080/09687590902789461
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  • Kirby, D., Laris, B. A., & Rolleri, L. (2006). The impact of sex and HIV education programs in schools and communities on sexual behaviors among young adults. Research Triangle Park, NC: Family Health International, YouthNet Program.
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  • Lindsay, W. R., Bellshaw, E., Culross, G., Staines, C., & Michie, A. (1992). Increases in knowledge following a course of sex education for people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 36(6), 531-539. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00571.x
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  • Maia, A. C. B., Reis-Yamautı, V. L. D., Schıavo, R. D. A., Capellini, V. L. M. F., & Valle, T. G. M. D. (2015). Teacher opinions on sexuality and Sexual Education of students with intelectual disability. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 32, 427-435. doi.org/10.1590/0103166X2015000300008
  • Mann, L. E., & Travers, J. C. (2020). A systematic review of interventions to address inappropriate masturbation for individuals with autism spectrum disorder or other developmental disabilities. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 7, 205-218. doi:10.1007/s40489-019-00192-9
  • Mattson, J. M. G., Roth, M., & Sevlever, M. (2016). Personal hygiene. Behavioral Health Promotion and Intervention In Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 43-72. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27297-9_3
  • Mazurek, M. O., Engelhardt, C. R., & Clark, K. E. (2015). Video games from the perspective of adults with autism spectrum disorder. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 122-130. doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.062
  • McCabe, M. P. (1999). Sexual knowledge, experience and feelings among people with disability. Sexuality and Disability, 17, 157-170. doi:10.1023/a:1021476418440
  • Mills, G. E., & Gay, L. R. (2016). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. Pearson.
  • Oğur, Ç., (2023). Otı̇zm spektrum bozukluğu olan bı̇reylere çevrı̇m ı̇çı̇ cı̇nsel ı̇stı̇smarla başa çıkmada davranışsal becerı̇ öğretı̇mı̇nı̇n etkı̇lı̇lı̇ğı̇ [Doctoral dissertation, Hacettepe University] National Thesis Center. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Ogur, C., Olcay, S., & Baloglu, M. (2023). An International Study: Teachers’ Opinions About Individuals With Developmental Disabilities Regarding Sex education. Sexuality and Disability, 41(4), 739-756.
  • Olcay-Gul, S., & Vuran, S. (2019). Effectiveness of teaching social skills to individuals with autism spectrum disorders using cool versus not cool. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 54(2), 132-146.
  • Özmutlu, E. B. (2022). Kuram ve Uygulama Arasındaki İlişki: Öğretmen Adaylarının İnançları Temelinde Bir İnceleme. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, (30).
  • PAHO & WHO. (2000). Promotion of sexual health: recommendations for action. Guatemala. Retrieved from https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/42416/promotionsexualhealth.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Patterson, T., & Scott, C. (2013). Behavioral management of inappropriate masturbation in an 8-year-old girl. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 35(3), 256-263. doi.org/10.1080/07317107.2013.818907
  • Pecora, L. A., Hancock, G. I., Hooley, M., Demmer, D. H., Attwood, T., Mesibov, G. B., & Stokes, M. A. (2020). Gender identity, sexual orientation and adverse sexual experiences in autistic females. Molecular Autism, 11(1), 1-16.
  • Ray, F., Marks, C., & Bray-Garretson, H. (2004). Challenges to treating adolescents with Asperger's Syndrome who are sexually abusive. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 11(4), 265-285. doi.org/10.1080/10720160490900614
  • Richman, G. S., Reiss, M. L., Bauman, K. E., & Bailey, J. S. (1984). Teaching menstrual care to mentally retarded women: Acquisition, generalization, and maintenance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 17(4), 441-451. doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1984.17-441
  • Rodriguez, M. (1995). Teaching our teachers to teach: a SIECUS study on training and preparation for HIV/AIDS prevention and sex education. Siecus Report, 28(2).
  • Rohleder, P., & Swartz, L. (2009). Providing sex education to persons with learning disabilities in the era of HIV/AIDS: Tensions between discourses of human rights and restriction. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(4), 601-610. doi.org/10.1177/135910530910357
  • Rohrbach, L. A., Berglas, N. F., Jerman, P., Angulo-Olaiz, F., Chou, C. P., & Constantine, N. A. (2015). A rights-based sex education curriculum for adolescents: 1-year outcomes from a cluster-randomized trial. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(4), 399-406. doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.004
  • Sevlever, M., Roth, M. E., & Gillis, J. M. (2013). Sexual abuse and offending in autism spectrum disorders. Sexuality and Disability, 31, 189-200.
  • Shepherd, J., Kavanagh, J., Picot, J., Cooper, K., Harden, A., Barnett-Page, E., ... & Price, A. (2010). The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of behavioural interventions for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in young people aged 13-19: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 14(7), 1-206. doi.org/10.3310/hta14070
  • Shepherd, D., Goedeke, S., Landon, J., & Meads, J. (2020). The types and functions of social supports used by parents caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50, 1337-1352.
  • SIECUS.: National Guidelines Task Force (2004). Retrieved from https://healtheducationresources.unesco.org/organizations/national-guidelines-task-force.
  • Stankova, T., & Trajkovski, V. (2021). Sexual Education of Persons with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: Use of the Technique:‘Social Stories. Sexuality and Disability, 39(2), 377-393. doi:10.1007/s11195-020-09655
  • Stokes, M. A., & Kaur, A. (2005). High-functioning autism and sexuality: A parental perspective. Autism, 9(3), 266-289. doi.org/10.1177/136236130505325
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  • Swango-Wilson, A. (2008). Caregiver perception of sexual behaviors of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 26, 75-81. doi:10.1007/s11195-008-9071-2
  • Şencan, H., (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Ankara: Seçkin
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., (2020). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri, 29. edn, Ankara: Pegem Akademi
  • Taherdoost, H. (2021). Data collection methods and tools for research; a step-by-step guide to choose data collection technique for academic and business research projects. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 10(1), 10-38.
  • Travers, J., & Tincani, M. (2010). Sex education for individuals with autism spectrum disorders: Critical issues and decision making guidelines. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 284-293.
  • UNESCO. (2009). International Technical Guidance on Sex education: An Evidence-informed approach for schools, teachers and health educators. Paris, UNESCO. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco. org/images/0018/001832/183281e.pdf
  • UNESCO. (2016). Meeting Notes of the consultation on updating International Technical Guidance on Sex education (ITGSE). Paris, October 2016. (Unpublished).
  • UNESCO, UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women, WHO. (2018). International Technical Guidance on Sex education: An Evidence-informed Approach. Paris: UNESCO.
  • van Schalkwyk, G. I., Ortiz-Lopez, M., Volkmar, F. R., & Silverman, W. K. (2016). 1.2 Social Media Use Improves Friendship Quality In Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 10(55), S100. (pp. S100-S100).
  • Veazey, S. E., Valentino, A. L., Low, A. I., McElroy, A. R., & LeBlanc, L. A. (2016). Teaching feminine hygiene skills to young females with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 9, 184-189. doi:10.1007/s40617-015-0065-0
  • Walsh, A. (2000). Improve and care: responding to inappropriate masturbation in people with severe intellectual disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 18(1), 27-39. doi:10.1023/a:1005473611224
  • Wells, J., Clark, K. D., & Sarno, K. (2012). A computer‐based interactive multimedia program to reduce HIV transmission for women with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56(4), 371-381. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01482.x
  • WHO. (2006). Defining Sexual Health—Report of a Technical Consultation on Sexual Health 28-31 January 2002, Geneva. Retrieved from https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers?ReferenceID=1998000
Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Cinsiyet, Cinsellik ve Eğitim
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Çimen Oğur 0000-0002-7386-8332

Seray Olçay 0000-0002-5007-7466

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Oğur, Ç., & Olçay, S. (2024). The Awareness of Special Education Teachers about Comprehensive Sexuality Education. E-Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 11(4), 767-788. https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.1543452
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