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THE STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CYPRUS AT THE FIRST HALF OF 7th CENTURY CE

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 117 - 130, 24.09.2019

Katarzyna Maksymıuk

https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.11

Öz

Cyprus has always been perceived as a stepping-stone of cultural and economic communication joining various areas of East Mediterranean. The Location of Cyprus is usually dealt with in terms of cultural and trade exchange. In first half of 7th century CE the strategic significance of Cyprus on Near East was clearly highlighted. Even partial control over the Island, isolated Egypt, thus making the defense of this province extremely difficult unless impossible. This report is to draw attention to the military importance of the island in the first half of 7th century CE.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cyprus Byzantine–Sasanian War History Strategic Significance East Mediterranean

Kaynakça

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  • AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS, Rerum gestarum libri qui supersunt, ed. W. Seyfarth, Leipzig: B.G. Teubner 1978.
  • AURELIUS VICTOR, Liber de Caesaribus, ed. F. Pichlmayr, rev. R. Gruendel, Leipzig: B.G. Teubner 1970.
  • CASSII DIONIS COCCEIANI historiarum Romanarum quae supersunt, ed. U.P. Boissevain, Berlin: Weidmann 1895-1901.
  • Chronicon Miscellaneum ad AD 724 pertinens, ed. and tr. J.B. Chabot, Paris: ser. CSCO 1903.
  • Chronicon Paschale, ed. L. Dindorf, Bonn: E. Weber 1832.
  • Chronique de Michel le Syrien, ed. J.B. Chabot, Paris: E. Leroux 1899-1910.
  • Conybeare, F.C., 1910. “ANTIOCHOS STRATEGOS’ Account of the Sack of Jerusalem in 614”, The English Historical Review 25, pp. 502-17.
  • EUSEBIUS, Historia ecclesiastica, ed. E. Schwartz, Leipzig: ser. GCS 1908.
  • JOHN OF NIKIU, Chronicle; tr. H. Zotenberg, London: Williams & Norgate 1916.
  • Life of John the Almsgiver, ed. and tr. A.J. Festugière, L. Rydén, Paris: P. Geuthner1974.
  • OROSIUS, Historiarum adversus paganos libri vii, ed. C. Zangemeister, Leipzig: B.G. Teubner 1889.
  • The Armenian History attributed to SEBEOS, tr. R.W. Thomson, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press 1999.
  • ṬABARĪ The Sāsānids, the Byzantines, the Lakhmids, and Yemen, tr. C.E. Bosworth, Albany: State University of New York: 1999.
  • The Chronicle of THEOPHANES Confessor: Byzantine and Near Eastern History AD 284-813, tr. C. Mango; R. Scott, Oxford: Clarendon Press 1997.
  • THEOPHYLACT SIMOCATTA, Historiae, ed. C. De Boor, rev. P. Wirth, Stuttgart: B.G. Teubner 1962.
  • Vie de Théodore de Sykéon, ed. and tr. A. J. Festugière, Brussels: Soc. des Bollandistes 1970.
  • ALTHEIM-STIEHL, R., 1991. “Wurde Alexandreia im Juni 619 n. Chr. durch die Perser erobert? Bemerkungen zur zeitlichen Bestimmung der sāsānidischen Besetzung Ägyptens unter Chosrau H. Parwēz?”, Tyche, 6, pp. 3 – 16.
  • ALTHEIM-STIEHL, R., 1992. “The Sasanians in Egypt – Some Evidence of Historical Interest”, Bulletin de la societe d’archeologie copte, 31, pp. 87 – 96.
  • ARENA, G., 2012. “Fra Oriente e Occidente: il ruolo strategico della Cirenaica nell’età di Eraclio”, ὅρµος - Rivista di Storia Antica, 4, pp. 96 – 129.
  • AVNI, G., 2010. “The Persian Conquest of Jerusalem (614 C.E. ) – An Archaeological Assessment”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 357, pp. 35 – 48.
  • BADIAN, E., 1965. “M. Porcius Cato and the Annexation and Early Administration of Cyprus”, The Journal of Roman Studies, 55, pp. 110- 21.
  • BEN-AMI, D., TCHEKHANOVETS,Y., BIJOVSKY, G., 2010. “New Archaeological and Numismatic Evidence for the Persian Destruction of Jerusalem in 614 CE”, Israel Exploration Journal, 60, pp. 204 – 21.
  • BOOTH, Ph., 2012. “Shades of Blues and Greens in the Chronicle of John of Nikiou”, Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 104.2, pp. 582 – 8.
  • BUTLER, A.J., 1978. The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the Last Thirty Years of the Roman Dominion, Oxford: Nabu Press.
  • CHRYSOS, E., 1984. “Ό Ηράκλειος στην Κύπρο (609-610)”, Πρακτικά Συμποσίου Κυπριακής Ιστορίας Λεοκωσία, 2-3 Maiov 1983, Ed.: K.N. Konstantinidis, Ioannina, pp. 53 – 64;
  • CHRYSOS, E., 1993. “Cyprus in Early Byzantine Times”, The Sweet Land of Cyprus (Papers Given at the Twenty-fifth Jubilee Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Birmingham, March 1991, Eds.: A. Bryer, G. Georghallides, Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre, pp. 3 – 14.
  • CRAWFORD, P., 2013. The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam, Barnslay: Skyhorse.
  • DAGRON, G., Déroche, V., 1991. “Juifs et Chrétiens dans l'Orient du VIIe siècle”, Travaux et Mémoires du Centre de Recherche d'Histoire et Civilisation byzantines, 11, pp. 17 – 46.
  • DI BERARDINO, A., 2008. Ed.: Patrology: The eastern Fathers from the Council of Chalcedon (451) to John of Damascus († 750), Cambridge: James Clarke and Co Ltd.
  • DIGNAS B., WINTER, E., 2007. Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity. Neighbours and Rivals, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • DMITRIEV, V., 2017. “The Sasanian Navy revisited: An unwritten chapter in Iran’s military history”, The International Journal of Maritime History, 29,4, pp. 727 – 37.
  • EL-AWAISI, K., 2015. “The Quranic Prophecy of the Defeat and Victory of the Byzantines”, Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies, 15, pp. 1 – 32.
  • FARROKH, K., 2017. Armies of Ancient Persia: The Sassanians, Barnsley: Pen & Sword Publishing.
  • FOSS, C., 1975. “The Persians in Asia Minor and the End of Antiquity”, The English Historical Review, 90.357, pp. 721 – 47.
  • FOSS, C., 2003. “The Persians in the Roman near East (602-630 AD.)”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Series 3, 13.2, pp. 149 – 170.
  • FOSS, C., 2008. Arab-Byzantine Coins. An Introduction, with a catalogue of the Dumbarton Oaks Collection, Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
  • FRENDO, J., 1982. “Who killed Anastasius II?”, Jewish Quarterly Review, 72, pp. 202 – 4.
  • FRENDO, J., 1988-91. “Religion and Politics in Byzantium on the Eve of the Arab Conquests”, Florilegium, 10, pp. 1 – 24.
  • FUKS; A., 1961. “Aspects of the Jewish Revolt in A.D. 115-117”, The Journal of Roman Studies, 51, pp. 98 – 104.
  • GREATREX G., LIEU, S.N.C. 2002. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, Part 2. Ad 363-628, London and New York: Routledge.
  • GRIERSON, P., 1950. “The consular coinage of “Heraclius” and the revolt against Phocas of 608–610”, Numismatic Chronicle, 10, pp. 71 – 93.
  • GYSELEN, R., 2001. The Four Generals of the Sasanian Empire. Some Sigillographic Evidence, Roma: Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente.
  • HALDON, J., 1990. Byzantium in the Seventh Century. The Transformation of a Culture, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HALDON, J., 1999. Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565- 1204, London: Routledge.
  • HEIL, M., 2006. “Perser im spätrömischen Dienst”, Ērān und Anērān. Studien zu den Beziehungen zwischen dem Sasanidenreich und der Mittelmeerwelt. Beiträge des Internationalen Colloquiums in Eutin, 8-9 Juni 2000, Eds.: J. Wiesehöfer, P. Huyse, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, pp. 143 – 79.
  • HENDY, M., 2008. Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c.300–1450, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HILL, G., 1940. A History of Cyprus, vol. 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HORBURY, W., 2014. Jewish War under Trajan and Hadrian, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HOWARD-JOHNSTON, J., 1995. “The Two Great Powers in Late Antiquity: a Comparison”, The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, III States, Resources and Armies, Ed.: A. Cameron, Princeton: The Darwin Press, pp. 157 – 226.
  • HOWARD-JOHNSTON, J., 2006. “Al-Tabari on the last great war of Antiquity”, East Rome, Sasanian Persia and the end of antiquity, Ed.: J. HowardJohnston, Ashgate: Routledge, Pt. VI, pp. 1 – 22.
  • JACKSON BONNER, M.R. 2019. The Last Empire of Iran, Piscataway: Gorgias Press. (in press).
  • JALALI, I., 1383/2004. Arteshe Iran dar Asre Sassanian [The Army of Iran in the Sassanian Era], Kerman: Entesharate Vadiat.
  • KAEGI, W., 1995. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KAEGI, W., 2003. Heraclius. Emperor of Byzantium, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KAEGI, W., 2010. Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KAPERA, Z., 2011. “The Anti-Roman Jewish Rebellion in Cyprus in 116/117 AD”, Eos, 98, pp. 179 – 96.
  • KOEHN, C., 2018. Justinian und die Armee des frühen Byzanz, Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.
  • LEE, A.D., 2005. “The Empire at War”, The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, Ed.: M. Maas, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 113 – 33.
  • LIEBESCHUETZ, J., 2003. Decline and fall of the Roman city, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • MAGNESS, J., 1992. “A re-examination of the archaeological Evidence for the Sassanian Persian destruction of the tyropoeon valley”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 287, pp. 67 – 74.
  • MAKSYMIUK, K., 2015. Geography of Roman-Iranian wars. Military operations of Rome and Sasanian Iran, Siedlce: Scientific Publishing House of Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities.
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VII. YÜZYILIN İLK YARISINDA KIBRIS'IN STRATEJİK ÖNEMİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 117 - 130, 24.09.2019

Katarzyna Maksymıuk

https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.11

Öz

Tarih boyunca, Kıbrıs Doğu Akdeniz'in komşu bölgelerine uzanan kültürel ve ekonomik iletişimin bir basamak taşı olarak düşünülmüştür. Kıbrıs'ın lokalizasyonun önemi genellikle kültürel ve ticari alışveriş açısında ele alınmıştır. 7. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Kıbrıs’ın Yakın Doğu’daki stratejik önemi açıkça bilinmektedir. Ada üzerindeki Mısır’ın kısmi kontrolü bulunmaktaydı, bu nedenle bu bölgenin savunulması imkansız olmasa bile oldukça zordu. Bu çalışma, 7. yüzyılın ilk yarısında adanın askeri önemine dikkat çekmek için hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tarihçe Kıbrıs Bizans-Sasani Savaşı Stratejik Önem Doğu Akdeniz

Kaynakça

  • AGAPIUS of Menbidj, Kitab al-‘unvan. Histoire universelle, ed. and tr. A. Vasiliev, Paris: Firmin-Didot 1912.
  • AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS, Rerum gestarum libri qui supersunt, ed. W. Seyfarth, Leipzig: B.G. Teubner 1978.
  • AURELIUS VICTOR, Liber de Caesaribus, ed. F. Pichlmayr, rev. R. Gruendel, Leipzig: B.G. Teubner 1970.
  • CASSII DIONIS COCCEIANI historiarum Romanarum quae supersunt, ed. U.P. Boissevain, Berlin: Weidmann 1895-1901.
  • Chronicon Miscellaneum ad AD 724 pertinens, ed. and tr. J.B. Chabot, Paris: ser. CSCO 1903.
  • Chronicon Paschale, ed. L. Dindorf, Bonn: E. Weber 1832.
  • Chronique de Michel le Syrien, ed. J.B. Chabot, Paris: E. Leroux 1899-1910.
  • Conybeare, F.C., 1910. “ANTIOCHOS STRATEGOS’ Account of the Sack of Jerusalem in 614”, The English Historical Review 25, pp. 502-17.
  • EUSEBIUS, Historia ecclesiastica, ed. E. Schwartz, Leipzig: ser. GCS 1908.
  • JOHN OF NIKIU, Chronicle; tr. H. Zotenberg, London: Williams & Norgate 1916.
  • Life of John the Almsgiver, ed. and tr. A.J. Festugière, L. Rydén, Paris: P. Geuthner1974.
  • OROSIUS, Historiarum adversus paganos libri vii, ed. C. Zangemeister, Leipzig: B.G. Teubner 1889.
  • The Armenian History attributed to SEBEOS, tr. R.W. Thomson, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press 1999.
  • ṬABARĪ The Sāsānids, the Byzantines, the Lakhmids, and Yemen, tr. C.E. Bosworth, Albany: State University of New York: 1999.
  • The Chronicle of THEOPHANES Confessor: Byzantine and Near Eastern History AD 284-813, tr. C. Mango; R. Scott, Oxford: Clarendon Press 1997.
  • THEOPHYLACT SIMOCATTA, Historiae, ed. C. De Boor, rev. P. Wirth, Stuttgart: B.G. Teubner 1962.
  • Vie de Théodore de Sykéon, ed. and tr. A. J. Festugière, Brussels: Soc. des Bollandistes 1970.
  • ALTHEIM-STIEHL, R., 1991. “Wurde Alexandreia im Juni 619 n. Chr. durch die Perser erobert? Bemerkungen zur zeitlichen Bestimmung der sāsānidischen Besetzung Ägyptens unter Chosrau H. Parwēz?”, Tyche, 6, pp. 3 – 16.
  • ALTHEIM-STIEHL, R., 1992. “The Sasanians in Egypt – Some Evidence of Historical Interest”, Bulletin de la societe d’archeologie copte, 31, pp. 87 – 96.
  • ARENA, G., 2012. “Fra Oriente e Occidente: il ruolo strategico della Cirenaica nell’età di Eraclio”, ὅρµος - Rivista di Storia Antica, 4, pp. 96 – 129.
  • AVNI, G., 2010. “The Persian Conquest of Jerusalem (614 C.E. ) – An Archaeological Assessment”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 357, pp. 35 – 48.
  • BADIAN, E., 1965. “M. Porcius Cato and the Annexation and Early Administration of Cyprus”, The Journal of Roman Studies, 55, pp. 110- 21.
  • BEN-AMI, D., TCHEKHANOVETS,Y., BIJOVSKY, G., 2010. “New Archaeological and Numismatic Evidence for the Persian Destruction of Jerusalem in 614 CE”, Israel Exploration Journal, 60, pp. 204 – 21.
  • BOOTH, Ph., 2012. “Shades of Blues and Greens in the Chronicle of John of Nikiou”, Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 104.2, pp. 582 – 8.
  • BUTLER, A.J., 1978. The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the Last Thirty Years of the Roman Dominion, Oxford: Nabu Press.
  • CHRYSOS, E., 1984. “Ό Ηράκλειος στην Κύπρο (609-610)”, Πρακτικά Συμποσίου Κυπριακής Ιστορίας Λεοκωσία, 2-3 Maiov 1983, Ed.: K.N. Konstantinidis, Ioannina, pp. 53 – 64;
  • CHRYSOS, E., 1993. “Cyprus in Early Byzantine Times”, The Sweet Land of Cyprus (Papers Given at the Twenty-fifth Jubilee Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Birmingham, March 1991, Eds.: A. Bryer, G. Georghallides, Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre, pp. 3 – 14.
  • CRAWFORD, P., 2013. The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam, Barnslay: Skyhorse.
  • DAGRON, G., Déroche, V., 1991. “Juifs et Chrétiens dans l'Orient du VIIe siècle”, Travaux et Mémoires du Centre de Recherche d'Histoire et Civilisation byzantines, 11, pp. 17 – 46.
  • DI BERARDINO, A., 2008. Ed.: Patrology: The eastern Fathers from the Council of Chalcedon (451) to John of Damascus († 750), Cambridge: James Clarke and Co Ltd.
  • DIGNAS B., WINTER, E., 2007. Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity. Neighbours and Rivals, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • DMITRIEV, V., 2017. “The Sasanian Navy revisited: An unwritten chapter in Iran’s military history”, The International Journal of Maritime History, 29,4, pp. 727 – 37.
  • EL-AWAISI, K., 2015. “The Quranic Prophecy of the Defeat and Victory of the Byzantines”, Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies, 15, pp. 1 – 32.
  • FARROKH, K., 2017. Armies of Ancient Persia: The Sassanians, Barnsley: Pen & Sword Publishing.
  • FOSS, C., 1975. “The Persians in Asia Minor and the End of Antiquity”, The English Historical Review, 90.357, pp. 721 – 47.
  • FOSS, C., 2003. “The Persians in the Roman near East (602-630 AD.)”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Series 3, 13.2, pp. 149 – 170.
  • FOSS, C., 2008. Arab-Byzantine Coins. An Introduction, with a catalogue of the Dumbarton Oaks Collection, Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
  • FRENDO, J., 1982. “Who killed Anastasius II?”, Jewish Quarterly Review, 72, pp. 202 – 4.
  • FRENDO, J., 1988-91. “Religion and Politics in Byzantium on the Eve of the Arab Conquests”, Florilegium, 10, pp. 1 – 24.
  • FUKS; A., 1961. “Aspects of the Jewish Revolt in A.D. 115-117”, The Journal of Roman Studies, 51, pp. 98 – 104.
  • GREATREX G., LIEU, S.N.C. 2002. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, Part 2. Ad 363-628, London and New York: Routledge.
  • GRIERSON, P., 1950. “The consular coinage of “Heraclius” and the revolt against Phocas of 608–610”, Numismatic Chronicle, 10, pp. 71 – 93.
  • GYSELEN, R., 2001. The Four Generals of the Sasanian Empire. Some Sigillographic Evidence, Roma: Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente.
  • HALDON, J., 1990. Byzantium in the Seventh Century. The Transformation of a Culture, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HALDON, J., 1999. Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565- 1204, London: Routledge.
  • HEIL, M., 2006. “Perser im spätrömischen Dienst”, Ērān und Anērān. Studien zu den Beziehungen zwischen dem Sasanidenreich und der Mittelmeerwelt. Beiträge des Internationalen Colloquiums in Eutin, 8-9 Juni 2000, Eds.: J. Wiesehöfer, P. Huyse, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, pp. 143 – 79.
  • HENDY, M., 2008. Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c.300–1450, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HILL, G., 1940. A History of Cyprus, vol. 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HORBURY, W., 2014. Jewish War under Trajan and Hadrian, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HOWARD-JOHNSTON, J., 1995. “The Two Great Powers in Late Antiquity: a Comparison”, The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, III States, Resources and Armies, Ed.: A. Cameron, Princeton: The Darwin Press, pp. 157 – 226.
  • HOWARD-JOHNSTON, J., 2006. “Al-Tabari on the last great war of Antiquity”, East Rome, Sasanian Persia and the end of antiquity, Ed.: J. HowardJohnston, Ashgate: Routledge, Pt. VI, pp. 1 – 22.
  • JACKSON BONNER, M.R. 2019. The Last Empire of Iran, Piscataway: Gorgias Press. (in press).
  • JALALI, I., 1383/2004. Arteshe Iran dar Asre Sassanian [The Army of Iran in the Sassanian Era], Kerman: Entesharate Vadiat.
  • KAEGI, W., 1995. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KAEGI, W., 2003. Heraclius. Emperor of Byzantium, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KAEGI, W., 2010. Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KAPERA, Z., 2011. “The Anti-Roman Jewish Rebellion in Cyprus in 116/117 AD”, Eos, 98, pp. 179 – 96.
  • KOEHN, C., 2018. Justinian und die Armee des frühen Byzanz, Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.
  • LEE, A.D., 2005. “The Empire at War”, The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, Ed.: M. Maas, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 113 – 33.
  • LIEBESCHUETZ, J., 2003. Decline and fall of the Roman city, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • MAGNESS, J., 1992. “A re-examination of the archaeological Evidence for the Sassanian Persian destruction of the tyropoeon valley”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 287, pp. 67 – 74.
  • MAKSYMIUK, K., 2015. Geography of Roman-Iranian wars. Military operations of Rome and Sasanian Iran, Siedlce: Scientific Publishing House of Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities.
  • MAKSYMIUK, K., 2017, “Destruction of the Ādur Gušnasp temple in Ādurbādagān as a revenge for abduction of the Holy Cross from Jerusalem in the context of the letters of Heraclius”, Metamorphoses of History, 9, pp. 109 – 25.
  • MAKSYMIUK, K., 2018. “Mass Deportations in Syria and Northern Mesopotamia under the rule of Xusrō I Anōšīrvān (540-542)”, War and Population Displacement. Lessons of History, Eds.:F. Puell de la Villa, D. G. Hernán, Brighton and Portland and Toronto: Sussex Academic Press, pp. 46 – 53.
  • MANGO, C., 1976. “Chypre, carrefour du monde byzantin”, XVe Congrès international d'études byzantines. Rapports et co-rapports. V, Chypre dans le monde byzantin. 5, Chypre carrefour du monde byzantin, Athènes, pp. 3 – 13;
  • MANGO, C., 1984. “A Byzantine hagiographer at work: Leontios of Neapolis”, Byzanz und der Westen: Studien zur Kunst des europäischen Mittelalters, Ed.: O. Demus, Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, pp. 25 – 41.
  • MARTINDALE, J., 1992. The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • METCALF, D., 2009. Byzantine Cyprus 491-1191, Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre.
  • MITCHELL, S., 2007. A History of the Later Roman Empire AD 284-641: The Transformation of the Ancient World, Malden and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • MITFORD, T.B., 1980. “Roman Cyprus”, Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II 7.2, pp. 1285 – 384.
  • MORONY, M., 1987. “Syria under the Persians, 610-629”, in Proceedings of the Second Symposium on the History of Bilad al-Sham during the Early Islamic Period, Eds.: M. Bakhit, I. Abbas, Amman, pp. 87 – 95.
  • MORRISON, C., SODINI, J., 2002. “The Sixth-Century Economy”,’ The Economic History of Byzantium from the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, Ed.: A.E. Laiou, Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, pp. 165 – 220.
  • NEUSNER, J., 1970. A History of the Jews in Babylonia, Part V: Later Sasanian Times, Leiden: Brill.
  • NOURBAKSH, H., 1382/2003. Daryenavardi dar Iran [Seamanship in Iran], Tehran: Dafter-e Pazhoheshiye Farhangi.
  • OLSTER, D., 1993. The politics of usurpation in the seventh century: rhetoric and revolution in Byzantium, Amsterdam: Adolf m Hakkert.
  • PAPACOSTAS, T., 2001. “The Economy of Late Antique Cyprus:, Economy and exchange in the East Mediterranean during Late Antiquity: proceedings of a conference at Somerville College, Oxford, 29th May, 1999, Eds.: S. Kingsley, M. Decker, Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 107 – 28.
  • PIERI, D., 2012. “Regional and Interregional Exchanges in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Early Byzantine Period. The Evidence of Amphorae”, Trade and Markets in Byzantium, Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Symposia and Colloquia, Ed.: C. Morrisson, Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, pp. 27 – 49.
  • POUILLOUX, J., ROESCH, P., MARCILLET-JAUBERT J., 1987. Eds.: Salamine de Chypre XIII. Testimonia Salaminia 2, Lyon: Université de Lyon.
  • POURSHARIATI, P., 2008. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran, London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
  • RAPP, C., 2004. “All in the Family: John the Almsgiver, Nicetas and Heraclius”, Νέα ῾Ρὠμη, 1, pp. 121 – 34.
  • RAEEN, I., 1350/1972. Daryanavardiye Iranian [Iranian Seafaring], Tehran: Chapkhaney Sekkeh.
  • SALAMON, M., 1984. “Calocaerus – magister pecoris camelorum e l’indole della sua rivolta in Cipro nel 334”, Studi in onore di Arnaldo Biscardi 5, Ed.: F. Pastori et al., MilanoCisalpino-La goliardica, pp. 79 – 85.
  • SCHICK, R., 1995. The Christian Communities of Palestine from Byzantine to Islamic Rule, Princeton: NJ : Darwin.
  • SMALLWOOD; E.M., 2001. The Jews under Roman Rule: From Pompey to Diocletian: A Study in Political Relations, Boston and Leiden: SBL Press.
  • SODINI, J., 1988. “Les inscriptions de l’aqueduc de Kythrea à Salamine de Chypre”, Byzantina Sorbonensia, 16, pp. 619 – 38.
  • STEWART, A.C., 2013. “Military Architecture in Early Byzantine Cyprus”, Cahiers du Centre d'Etudes Chypriotes, 43, pp. 287 – 306.
  • STOYANOV, Y., 2011 “Archaeology Versus Written Sources: the Case of the Persian Conquest of Jerusalem in 614”, Acta Museii Varnaensis, 8.1, pp. 351-8;
  • STRATOS, A.N., 1968. Byzantium in the Seventh century, vol.1, Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert.
  • TALBERT, R., 1985. Ed.: Atlas of Classical History, London and New York: Routledge.
  • TYLER-SMITH, S., 2004. “Calendars and coronations: the literary and numismatic evidence for the accession of Khusrau II”, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 28, pp. 33 – 65.
  • VELKOV, V., 1977. Cities in Thrace and Dacia in Late Antiquity: (Studies and Materials), Amsterdam: Henri Frankfort Foundation.
  • WHITBY, M., 2001. “The Army, c. 420–602”, The Cambridge Ancient History, volume 14: Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425-600, Eds.:A. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins, M. Whitby, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 288 – 314.
  • WIEWIÓROWSKI, J., 2006 “Quaestor Iustinianus Exercitus – a Late Roman Army Commander?”, Eos, 93, pp. 317 – 40.
  • ZAVAGNO, L., 2011. ‘“Betwixt the Greeks and the Saracens’: Coins and coinage in Cyprus in the seventh and eighth centuries’, Byzantion, 81, pp. 448 – 93.
  • ZAVAGNO, L., 2017. Cyprus between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (ca. 600-800): An Island in Transition, London and New York: Routledge.
Toplam 95 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Katarzyna Maksymıuk 0000-0001-8709-0333

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Eylül 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Nisan 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Maksymıuk, K. (2019). THE STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CYPRUS AT THE FIRST HALF OF 7th CENTURY CE. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, 1(2), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.11
AMA Maksymıuk K. THE STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CYPRUS AT THE FIRST HALF OF 7th CENTURY CE. OANNES. Eylül 2019;1(2):117-130. doi:10.33469/oannes.11
Chicago Maksymıuk, Katarzyna. “THE STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CYPRUS AT THE FIRST HALF OF 7th CENTURY CE”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 1, sy. 2 (Eylül 2019): 117-30. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.11.
EndNote Maksymıuk K (01 Eylül 2019) THE STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CYPRUS AT THE FIRST HALF OF 7th CENTURY CE. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 1 2 117–130.
IEEE K. Maksymıuk, “THE STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CYPRUS AT THE FIRST HALF OF 7th CENTURY CE”, OANNES, c. 1, sy. 2, ss. 117–130, 2019, doi: 10.33469/oannes.11.
ISNAD Maksymıuk, Katarzyna. “THE STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CYPRUS AT THE FIRST HALF OF 7th CENTURY CE”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 1/2 (Eylül 2019), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.11.
JAMA Maksymıuk K. THE STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CYPRUS AT THE FIRST HALF OF 7th CENTURY CE. OANNES. 2019;1:117–130.
MLA Maksymıuk, Katarzyna. “THE STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CYPRUS AT THE FIRST HALF OF 7th CENTURY CE”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, c. 1, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 117-30, doi:10.33469/oannes.11.
Vancouver Maksymıuk K. THE STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CYPRUS AT THE FIRST HALF OF 7th CENTURY CE. OANNES. 2019;1(2):117-30.
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