Research Article
Year 2025,
Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 291 - 296, 30.05.2025
Abstract
References
- Zhang QY, Ye XP, Zhou Z, et al. Lymphocyte infiltration and thyrocyte destruction are driven by stromal and immune cell components in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):775. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28120-2
- Caturegli P, De Remigis A, Rose NR. Hashimoto thyroiditis: clinical and diagnostic criteria. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(4-5):391-397. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.007
- Weetman AP. An update on the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021;44(5):883-890. doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01477-1
- Hu X, Chen Y, Shen Y, Tian R, Sheng Y, Que H. Global prevalence and epidemiological trends of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1020709. doi:10. 3389/fpubh.2022.1020709
- Hu X, Wang X, Liang Y, et al. Cancer risk in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:937871. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.937871
- Mikulska AA, Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Filipowicz D, Ruchała M, Główka FK. Metabolic characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and the role of microelements and diet in the disease management-an overview. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(12):6580. doi:10.3390/ijms23126580
- Aktas G, Sit M, Dikbas O, et al. Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2017;63(12):1065-1068. doi:10.1590/1806-9282.63.12.1065
- Bilge M, Yesilova A, Adas M, Helvaci A. Neutrophil- and platelet- to lymphocyte ratio in patients with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2019;127(8):545-549. doi:10.1055/a-0723-3441
- Bozdag A, Gundogan Bozdag P. Evaluation of systemic inflammation markers in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Int Med Res. 2024; 52(9):3000605241280049. doi:10.1177/03000605241280049
- Erge E, Kiziltunc C, Balci SB, et al. A novel inflammatory marker for the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: platelet-count-to-lymphocyte-count ratio. Diseases. 2023;11(1):15. doi:10.3390/diseases11010015
- Kırkgöz T, Özkan B. Could hematologic parameters have a predictive role in pediatric Hashimoto thyroiditis? J Dr Behcet Uz Child Hosp. 2022;12:159-163. doi:10.4274/buchd.galenos.2022.23590
- Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg. 2014;12(12):1495-1499. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013
- Ralli M, Angeletti D, Fiore M, et al. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: an update on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic strategies, and potential malignant transformation. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(10): 102649. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102649
- Kaur J, Jialal I. Hashimoto Thyroiditis. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing Copyright© 2025, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2025.
- Arduc A, Aycicek Dogan B, Bilmez S, et al. High prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: does the imbalance between estradiol and progesterone play a role? Endocr Res. 2015;40(4):204-210. doi:10.3109/07435800.2015.1015730
- Kjaergaard AD, Marouli E, Papadopoulou A, et al. Thyroid function, sex hormones and sexual function: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2021;36(3):335-344. doi:10.1007/s10654-021-00721-z
- Calcaterra V, Nappi RE, Regalbuto C, et al. Gender differences at the onset of autoimmune thyroid diseases in children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:229. doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00229
- Yang H, Xia Q, Shen Y, Chen TL, Wang J, Lu YY. Gender-specific impact of metabolic obesity phenotypes on the risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a retrospective data analysis using a health check-up database. J Inflamm Res. 2022;15:827-837. doi:10.2147/jir.s353384
- Jayanthi R, Srinivasan AR. Sex hormone independent associations between insulin resistance and thyroid status -a gender based biochemical study on clinically euthyroid non-obese, overweight and obese type 2 diabetics. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(3):2286-2291. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.05.017
- Ostrowska L, Gier D, Zyśk B. The influence of reducing diets on changes in thyroid parameters in women suffering from obesity and Hashimoto's disease. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):862. doi:10.3390/nu13030862
- Ülker MT, Çolak GA, Baş M, Erdem MG. Evaluation of the effect of gluten-free diet and Mediterranean diet on autoimmune system in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Food Sci Nutr. 2024;12(2):1180-1188. doi:10.1002/fsn3.3833
- Nodehi M, Ajami A, Izad M, et al. Effects of vitamin D supplements on frequency of CD4(+) T-cell subsets in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019;73(9):1236-1243. doi:10.1038/s41430-019-0395-z
- Taylor PN, Medici MM, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Boelaert K. Hypothyroidism. Lancet. 2024;404(10460):1347-1364. doi:10.1016/s 0140-6736(24)01614-3
- Guldvog I, Reitsma LC, Johnsen L, et al. Thyroidectomy versus medical management for euthyroid patients with Hashimoto disease and persisting symptoms: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(7): 453-464. doi:10.7326/m18-0284
- Dwivedi SN, Kalaria T, Buch H. Thyroid autoantibodies. J Clin Pathol. 2023;76(1):19-28. doi:10.1136/jcp-2022-208290
- Walsh JP, Bremner AP, Feddema P, Leedman PJ, Brown SJ, O'leary P. Thyrotropin and thyroid antibodies as predictors of hypothyroidism: a 13-year, longitudinal study of a community-based cohort using current immunoassay techniques. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(3):1095-1104. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1977
- Hutfless S, Matos P, Talor MV, Caturegli P, Rose NR. Significance of prediagnostic thyroid antibodies in women with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(9):E1466-1471. doi:10.1210/jc. 2011-0228
- Nishihara E, Amino N, Kudo T, et al. Comparison of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies measured by five different kits in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Endocr J. 2017;64(10):955-961. doi:10. 1507/endocrj.EJ17-0164
Year 2025,
Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 291 - 296, 30.05.2025
Abstract
Aims: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder impacting majorly females. HT is asymptomatic long-term and known to be affected by metabolic factors, genetics, and inflammation. The study aimed to compare inflammatory and metabolic markers in HT and assess their value in the diagnosis.
Methods: An HT group (n=103) and a control group with euthyroidism (n=103) were included in the study. The demographics, anthropometric measurements, and circulation-based inflammatory and metabolic markers, triglyceride-glucose index, FIB-4 score, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score, APRI, ATH score, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index, prognostic nutritional index, monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, atherogenic index of plasma, neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, PV, PDW, and RDW were recorded.
Results: Consistent with the literature, we found a 10-fold difference in the HT prevalence in females (90.3%) compared with males (9.7%). Anthropometric measurements revealed that increased hip circumference increases the risk of HT (118.0 cm [107.0–132.0]) compared to control (110.0 cm [103.0–119.0]). We failed to find any difference in metabolic or inflammatory indices in the HT vs. control group.
Conclusion: This study reinforces the well-documented association between HT and female predominance and metabolic factors such as obesity and diabetes. However, inflammatory markers did not show a significant association with HT, urging the need for larger cohorts.
References
- Zhang QY, Ye XP, Zhou Z, et al. Lymphocyte infiltration and thyrocyte destruction are driven by stromal and immune cell components in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):775. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28120-2
- Caturegli P, De Remigis A, Rose NR. Hashimoto thyroiditis: clinical and diagnostic criteria. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(4-5):391-397. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.007
- Weetman AP. An update on the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021;44(5):883-890. doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01477-1
- Hu X, Chen Y, Shen Y, Tian R, Sheng Y, Que H. Global prevalence and epidemiological trends of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1020709. doi:10. 3389/fpubh.2022.1020709
- Hu X, Wang X, Liang Y, et al. Cancer risk in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:937871. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.937871
- Mikulska AA, Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Filipowicz D, Ruchała M, Główka FK. Metabolic characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and the role of microelements and diet in the disease management-an overview. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(12):6580. doi:10.3390/ijms23126580
- Aktas G, Sit M, Dikbas O, et al. Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2017;63(12):1065-1068. doi:10.1590/1806-9282.63.12.1065
- Bilge M, Yesilova A, Adas M, Helvaci A. Neutrophil- and platelet- to lymphocyte ratio in patients with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2019;127(8):545-549. doi:10.1055/a-0723-3441
- Bozdag A, Gundogan Bozdag P. Evaluation of systemic inflammation markers in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Int Med Res. 2024; 52(9):3000605241280049. doi:10.1177/03000605241280049
- Erge E, Kiziltunc C, Balci SB, et al. A novel inflammatory marker for the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: platelet-count-to-lymphocyte-count ratio. Diseases. 2023;11(1):15. doi:10.3390/diseases11010015
- Kırkgöz T, Özkan B. Could hematologic parameters have a predictive role in pediatric Hashimoto thyroiditis? J Dr Behcet Uz Child Hosp. 2022;12:159-163. doi:10.4274/buchd.galenos.2022.23590
- Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg. 2014;12(12):1495-1499. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013
- Ralli M, Angeletti D, Fiore M, et al. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: an update on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic strategies, and potential malignant transformation. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(10): 102649. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102649
- Kaur J, Jialal I. Hashimoto Thyroiditis. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing Copyright© 2025, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2025.
- Arduc A, Aycicek Dogan B, Bilmez S, et al. High prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: does the imbalance between estradiol and progesterone play a role? Endocr Res. 2015;40(4):204-210. doi:10.3109/07435800.2015.1015730
- Kjaergaard AD, Marouli E, Papadopoulou A, et al. Thyroid function, sex hormones and sexual function: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2021;36(3):335-344. doi:10.1007/s10654-021-00721-z
- Calcaterra V, Nappi RE, Regalbuto C, et al. Gender differences at the onset of autoimmune thyroid diseases in children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:229. doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00229
- Yang H, Xia Q, Shen Y, Chen TL, Wang J, Lu YY. Gender-specific impact of metabolic obesity phenotypes on the risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a retrospective data analysis using a health check-up database. J Inflamm Res. 2022;15:827-837. doi:10.2147/jir.s353384
- Jayanthi R, Srinivasan AR. Sex hormone independent associations between insulin resistance and thyroid status -a gender based biochemical study on clinically euthyroid non-obese, overweight and obese type 2 diabetics. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(3):2286-2291. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.05.017
- Ostrowska L, Gier D, Zyśk B. The influence of reducing diets on changes in thyroid parameters in women suffering from obesity and Hashimoto's disease. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):862. doi:10.3390/nu13030862
- Ülker MT, Çolak GA, Baş M, Erdem MG. Evaluation of the effect of gluten-free diet and Mediterranean diet on autoimmune system in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Food Sci Nutr. 2024;12(2):1180-1188. doi:10.1002/fsn3.3833
- Nodehi M, Ajami A, Izad M, et al. Effects of vitamin D supplements on frequency of CD4(+) T-cell subsets in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019;73(9):1236-1243. doi:10.1038/s41430-019-0395-z
- Taylor PN, Medici MM, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Boelaert K. Hypothyroidism. Lancet. 2024;404(10460):1347-1364. doi:10.1016/s 0140-6736(24)01614-3
- Guldvog I, Reitsma LC, Johnsen L, et al. Thyroidectomy versus medical management for euthyroid patients with Hashimoto disease and persisting symptoms: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(7): 453-464. doi:10.7326/m18-0284
- Dwivedi SN, Kalaria T, Buch H. Thyroid autoantibodies. J Clin Pathol. 2023;76(1):19-28. doi:10.1136/jcp-2022-208290
- Walsh JP, Bremner AP, Feddema P, Leedman PJ, Brown SJ, O'leary P. Thyrotropin and thyroid antibodies as predictors of hypothyroidism: a 13-year, longitudinal study of a community-based cohort using current immunoassay techniques. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(3):1095-1104. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1977
- Hutfless S, Matos P, Talor MV, Caturegli P, Rose NR. Significance of prediagnostic thyroid antibodies in women with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(9):E1466-1471. doi:10.1210/jc. 2011-0228
- Nishihara E, Amino N, Kudo T, et al. Comparison of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies measured by five different kits in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Endocr J. 2017;64(10):955-961. doi:10. 1507/endocrj.EJ17-0164
There are 28 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Endocrinology, Internal Diseases |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | May 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | March 28, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | April 13, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 3 |
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