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GEÇ PREMATÜRE VE TERM BEBEK ANNELERİNİN KAYGI DÜZEYLERİ İLE EMZİRME ÖZYETERLİLİK VE EMZİRME BAŞARISI İLİŞKİSİ

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 104 - 112, 30.06.2025

Gonca Karataş Baran , Sevil Şahin , Dilek Sarici , Fatma Torun , Tülin Gündoğdu

https://doi.org/10.53446/actamednicomedia.1388483

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; bebeği Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde yatan geç preterm ve term annelerin kaygı düzeylerini belirlemek ve bebeklerinin emzirmelerini değerlendirmektir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı kesitsel ve karşılaştırmalı araştırma, iki hastanede Haziran 2019-Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma örneklemi 50 geç preterm ve 50 term bebek annesinden oluşturulmuştur. Annelere durumluk ve sürekli kaygı ölçeği, LATCH Emzirmeyi Tanılama ve Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Emzirme Öz yeterlilik Ölçeği uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırma grubundan geç preterm annelerinin durumluk kaygı ölçeği puanları daha düşükken, sürekli kaygı ölçeği puanları yönünden gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Sürekli ve durumluk kaygı ölçek puanları karşılaştırıldığında durumluk kaygı ölçeği puanı ortalamasının süreklil kaygı ölçeği ortalamasından 3,80±9,26 puan az olduğu ve bu durumun istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,001). Araştırma grupları arasında LATCH Emzirmeyi Tanılama ve Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Emzirme Öz yeterlilik Ölçeği puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada bebeklerin YYBÜ'ye ihtiyaç duyması annelerin kaygı düzeylerini artırmamıştır. Durumluk ve sürekli kaygısı emzirme özyeterliliğini olumsuz etkilemekle birlikte, yenidoğan yoğun bakım personelinin emzirme desteği, yoğun bakım ihtiyacı olan bebekleri olan annelerde emzirme başarısını olumlu etkileyebilmektedir.

Keywords

Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Üniteleri Preterm bebekler Term Bebekler Kaygı Emzirme

Ethical Statement

ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ (AYBU) ETİK KURULU. Tarih/No: 29.05.2019/55

Supporting Institution

None

References

  • Çakır SÇ, Dorum BA, Köksal N, Özkan H, Coşkun M, Özcan N. The Problems of Late Preterm Infants in Neonatal Period. J Curr Pediatr. 2018;16(1):2-18
  • Çalışır H, Şeker S, Güler F, Anaç GT, Türkmen M. (2018). The needs and anxiety levels of parents whose babies are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing. 12(1), 31-44.
  • Çekin B. Stress level and coping methods of parents with a premature baby hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital. (Master's Thesis). Pamukkale University, Institute of Health Sciences, Child Health and Diseases Nursing Program. 2014, Denizli.
  • Wigert H, Johansson R, Berg M, Hellström AL. Mothers’ experiences of having their newborn child in a neonatal intensive care unit. Scand J Caring Sci, 2006; 20(1):35-41.
  • Gaynes BN, Gavin N, Meltzer-Brody S. Lohr KN, Swinson T, Gartlehner G, Brody S, Miller WC. Perinatal Depression: Prevalence, Screening Accuracy, and Screening Outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess. 2005;119:1-8.
  • Koç GI, Tezcan S. (2005). Attitudes of Pregnant Women Towards Breastfeeding and Some Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Attitudes. Journal of Hacettepe University School of Nursing. 2005;12(2):1-13.
  • Stockdale J, Sinclair M, Kernohan G, Keller J. (2011). Understanding Motivational Theory and the Psychology of Breastfeeding. In Theory for Midwifery Practice.2011;2:92-106.
  • Isiguzo C, Mendez DD, Demirci JR, Youk A, Mendez G, Davis EM, Documet P. Stress, social support, and racial differences: Dominant drivers of exclusive breastfeeding. Matern Child Nutr. 2023 Apr;19(2):e13459. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13459.
  • de Jager E, Broadbent J, Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz M, Skouteris H. The role of psychosocial factors in exclusive breastfeeding to six months postpartum. Midwifery. 2014; 30(6):657–666.
  • 1Islam MJ, Baird K, Mazerolle P, Broidy L. Exploring the influence of psychosocial factors on exclusive breastfeeding in Bangladesh. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2017; 20(1):173-188.
  • Zanardo V, Gambina I, Begley C, Litta P, Cosmi E, Giustardi A, Trevisanuto D. Psychological distress and early lactation performance of mothers of preterm infants. Early Hum Dev. 2011;87(4):321-323.
  • Akgün Çalışkanyürek SS., Yıldırım Dİ, İnanli İ. The Effect of Mental Status of Mothers Aged 18-49 Years on Attitude to Breastfeeding. Selcuk Med J. 2022; 38(1):30-39.
  • Arayıcı S, Kadıoğlu Şimşek G, Say B, Alyamaç Dizdar E, Uraş N, Canpolat FE, Oğuz ŞS. (2016). Late Preterm Neonates and Causes of Admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Turkish J Pediatr Dis. 2016;1: 22-26. doi: 10.12956/tjpd.2015.177.
  • Fallon V, Bennett KM, Harrold JA. Prenatal anxiety and infant feding outcomes: a systematic review. J Hum Lact., 2016; 32(1):53-66. doi: 10.1177/0890334416662241.
  • Gupta S, Yuhas D, Wasylyshen-Velasco J, Stolfi A. Predictive Factors for Early Breastmilk Discontinuation in Premature Infants: A Retrospective Study. Medical Student Research Symposium Abstracts and Posters. 2021;3. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/msrs/ 2021/poster_presentations_6/3.
  • Öner N, Le Compte A. Handbook of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Istanbul: 1983. Boğaziçi University Printing House.
  • Yenal K., Okumuş, H. LATCH Emzirme tanılama ölçeğinin güvenirliğini inceleyen bir çalışma. HEMAR-G Dergisi. 2003; 5(1):38-44.
  • Dennis CL, Faux S. Development and psychometric testing of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Research in Nursing and Health. 1999; 22:399-409.
  • Aluş-Tokat M, Okumuş H. Translation and psychometric assessment of the Breast-feeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form among pregnant and postnatal women in Turkey. Midwifery. 2010; 26(1):101-108.
  • Casey L, Fucile S, Dow KE. Determinants of Successful Direct Breastfeeding at Hospital Discharge in High-Risk Premature Infants. Breastfeedıng Medıcıne. 2018; 13(5):1-6.doi: 10.1089/bfm.2017.0209.
  • Sisk P, Lovelady C, Dillard R, Gruber K.J. Lactation counseling for mothers of very low birth weight infants: effect on maternal anxiety and infant intake of human milk. Pediatrics. 2006;117:67-75.
  • Wang Y, Briere CE, Xu W, Cong X. Factors affecting breastfeeding outcomes at six months in preterm infants. Journal of Human Lactation. 2019;35(1):80–89.
  • Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and metaanalysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for prematüre infants. BMC Pediatrics. 2013;13:59. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/13/59
  • Miles MS, Holditch-Davis D, Schwartz M. Depressive symptoms in mothers of prematurely born infants. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2007; 28:36-44.
  • Çelen R, Taş Arslan F. The anxiety levels of the parents of premature infants and related factors. J Pediatr Res. 2017; 4(2):68-74.
  • Julian LJ. Measures of anxiety: state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety (HADS-A). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63:467-472.
  • Miles MS, Burchinal P, Holditch-Davis D, Brunssen S, Wilson SM. Perceptions of stress, worry, and support in Black and White mothers of hospitalized, medically fragile infants. J Pediatr Nurs. 2002;17(2): 82-88.
  • Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, Naylor AJ, O'Hare D, Schanler RJ, Eidelman AI. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2005;115:496-506. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-2491
  • Kent JC. How breastfeeding works. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2007;52:564-570.
  • Lau C, Hurst NM, Smith EO, Schanler RJ. Ethnic/racialdiversity, maternal stress, lactation and very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol. 2007; 27:399-408.
  • Ziomkiewicz A, Babiszewska M, Apanasewicz A, Piosek M, Wychowaniec P, Cierniak A, Barbarska O, Szołtysik M, Danel D, Wichary S. Psychosocial stress and cortisol stress reactivity predict breast milk composition. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 2;11(1):11576. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90980-3.
  • Stuebe AM, Grewen K, Pedersen CA, Propper C, Meltzer Brody S. Failed lactation and perinatal depression: common problems with shared neuro endocrinemechanisms? J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2012; 21(3):264-272. doi:10.1089/ jwh.2011.3083.
  • Lonstein JS. Regulation of anxiety during the postpartum period. Front Neuro endocrinol. 2007; 28(2-3):115-141. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.05.002.
  • Zanardo V, Buzzacchero R, Giustardi A, Trevisanuto D, Micaglio M. Breastfeeding the ‘healthy’ near-term infants after laryngeal mask airway ortraditional resuscitation methods. J Mat-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22:92-95.
  • He J, Yimyam S, Namprom N. Breastfeeding self-efficacy, social support, and breastfeeding among Chinese mothers with late preterm infants. Journal of Neonatal Nursing. 2021;28(1):21-25. doi:10.1016/j.jnn.2021.07.005.
  • Crippa BL, Colombo L, Morniroli D, Consonni D, Bettinelli ME, Spreafico I, et al., Do a few weeks matter? Late preterm ınfants and breastfeeding Issues. Nutrients. 2019;1;11(2):312. doi: 10.3390/nu11020312.
  • Zhang K, Tang L, Wang H, Qiu LQ, Binns CW, Lee AH. Why do mothers of young infants choose to formula feed in China? Perceptions of mothers and hospital staff. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015;12(5):4520-4532.
  • Brockway M, Benzies KM, Carr E, Aziz K. Does breastfeeding self-efficacy theory apply to mothers of moderate and late pretermi nfants? A qualitative exploration. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2020;29(15-16): 2872-2885. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15304.
  • Loke AY, Chan LKS. Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and the breastfeeding behaviors of newborns in thepractice of exclusive breastfeeding. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic&Neonatal Nursing. 2013;42(6): 672-684.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANXIETY LEVELS OF MOTHERS OF LATE PREMATURE AND TERM INFANTS AND BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICACY AND BREASTFEEDING SUCCESS

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 104 - 112, 30.06.2025

Gonca Karataş Baran , Sevil Şahin , Dilek Sarici , Fatma Torun , Tülin Gündoğdu

https://doi.org/10.53446/actamednicomedia.1388483

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine anxiety levels of mothers who gave birth to late preterm and term infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and evaluate the associations with breastfeeding outcomes.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional and comparative study was carried out in two hospitals between June 2019 and December 2021. The research sample consisted of 50 late preterm and 50 term infant mothers. The state and trait anxiety scale, the LATCH Breastfeeding Diagnosis and Evaluation and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale were administered to the mothers.
Results: While no statistically significant difference was found between mothers of late preterm and term infants in terms of trait anxiety scale scores in the study (p>0.05). the state anxiety scale scores of mothers of late premature infants were found to be lower (p<0.05). When trait and state anxiety scale scores were compared, it was determined that the mean state anxiety scale score was 3.80±9.26 points less than the trait anxiety scale mean (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the research groups in the scores of the LATCH Breastfeeding Diagnosis and Evaluation and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, the babies need for NICU did not increase the mothers' anxiety levels. Although state-trait anxiety negatively affect breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding support of NICU staff could positively affect breastfeeding success in mothers with babies in need of ıntensive care.

Keywords

Neonatal Intensive Care Units Preterm Infants Term Infants Anxiety Breastfeeding

References

  • Çakır SÇ, Dorum BA, Köksal N, Özkan H, Coşkun M, Özcan N. The Problems of Late Preterm Infants in Neonatal Period. J Curr Pediatr. 2018;16(1):2-18
  • Çalışır H, Şeker S, Güler F, Anaç GT, Türkmen M. (2018). The needs and anxiety levels of parents whose babies are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing. 12(1), 31-44.
  • Çekin B. Stress level and coping methods of parents with a premature baby hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital. (Master's Thesis). Pamukkale University, Institute of Health Sciences, Child Health and Diseases Nursing Program. 2014, Denizli.
  • Wigert H, Johansson R, Berg M, Hellström AL. Mothers’ experiences of having their newborn child in a neonatal intensive care unit. Scand J Caring Sci, 2006; 20(1):35-41.
  • Gaynes BN, Gavin N, Meltzer-Brody S. Lohr KN, Swinson T, Gartlehner G, Brody S, Miller WC. Perinatal Depression: Prevalence, Screening Accuracy, and Screening Outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess. 2005;119:1-8.
  • Koç GI, Tezcan S. (2005). Attitudes of Pregnant Women Towards Breastfeeding and Some Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Attitudes. Journal of Hacettepe University School of Nursing. 2005;12(2):1-13.
  • Stockdale J, Sinclair M, Kernohan G, Keller J. (2011). Understanding Motivational Theory and the Psychology of Breastfeeding. In Theory for Midwifery Practice.2011;2:92-106.
  • Isiguzo C, Mendez DD, Demirci JR, Youk A, Mendez G, Davis EM, Documet P. Stress, social support, and racial differences: Dominant drivers of exclusive breastfeeding. Matern Child Nutr. 2023 Apr;19(2):e13459. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13459.
  • de Jager E, Broadbent J, Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz M, Skouteris H. The role of psychosocial factors in exclusive breastfeeding to six months postpartum. Midwifery. 2014; 30(6):657–666.
  • 1Islam MJ, Baird K, Mazerolle P, Broidy L. Exploring the influence of psychosocial factors on exclusive breastfeeding in Bangladesh. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2017; 20(1):173-188.
  • Zanardo V, Gambina I, Begley C, Litta P, Cosmi E, Giustardi A, Trevisanuto D. Psychological distress and early lactation performance of mothers of preterm infants. Early Hum Dev. 2011;87(4):321-323.
  • Akgün Çalışkanyürek SS., Yıldırım Dİ, İnanli İ. The Effect of Mental Status of Mothers Aged 18-49 Years on Attitude to Breastfeeding. Selcuk Med J. 2022; 38(1):30-39.
  • Arayıcı S, Kadıoğlu Şimşek G, Say B, Alyamaç Dizdar E, Uraş N, Canpolat FE, Oğuz ŞS. (2016). Late Preterm Neonates and Causes of Admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Turkish J Pediatr Dis. 2016;1: 22-26. doi: 10.12956/tjpd.2015.177.
  • Fallon V, Bennett KM, Harrold JA. Prenatal anxiety and infant feding outcomes: a systematic review. J Hum Lact., 2016; 32(1):53-66. doi: 10.1177/0890334416662241.
  • Gupta S, Yuhas D, Wasylyshen-Velasco J, Stolfi A. Predictive Factors for Early Breastmilk Discontinuation in Premature Infants: A Retrospective Study. Medical Student Research Symposium Abstracts and Posters. 2021;3. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/msrs/ 2021/poster_presentations_6/3.
  • Öner N, Le Compte A. Handbook of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Istanbul: 1983. Boğaziçi University Printing House.
  • Yenal K., Okumuş, H. LATCH Emzirme tanılama ölçeğinin güvenirliğini inceleyen bir çalışma. HEMAR-G Dergisi. 2003; 5(1):38-44.
  • Dennis CL, Faux S. Development and psychometric testing of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Research in Nursing and Health. 1999; 22:399-409.
  • Aluş-Tokat M, Okumuş H. Translation and psychometric assessment of the Breast-feeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form among pregnant and postnatal women in Turkey. Midwifery. 2010; 26(1):101-108.
  • Casey L, Fucile S, Dow KE. Determinants of Successful Direct Breastfeeding at Hospital Discharge in High-Risk Premature Infants. Breastfeedıng Medıcıne. 2018; 13(5):1-6.doi: 10.1089/bfm.2017.0209.
  • Sisk P, Lovelady C, Dillard R, Gruber K.J. Lactation counseling for mothers of very low birth weight infants: effect on maternal anxiety and infant intake of human milk. Pediatrics. 2006;117:67-75.
  • Wang Y, Briere CE, Xu W, Cong X. Factors affecting breastfeeding outcomes at six months in preterm infants. Journal of Human Lactation. 2019;35(1):80–89.
  • Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and metaanalysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for prematüre infants. BMC Pediatrics. 2013;13:59. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/13/59
  • Miles MS, Holditch-Davis D, Schwartz M. Depressive symptoms in mothers of prematurely born infants. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2007; 28:36-44.
  • Çelen R, Taş Arslan F. The anxiety levels of the parents of premature infants and related factors. J Pediatr Res. 2017; 4(2):68-74.
  • Julian LJ. Measures of anxiety: state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety (HADS-A). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63:467-472.
  • Miles MS, Burchinal P, Holditch-Davis D, Brunssen S, Wilson SM. Perceptions of stress, worry, and support in Black and White mothers of hospitalized, medically fragile infants. J Pediatr Nurs. 2002;17(2): 82-88.
  • Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, Naylor AJ, O'Hare D, Schanler RJ, Eidelman AI. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2005;115:496-506. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-2491
  • Kent JC. How breastfeeding works. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2007;52:564-570.
  • Lau C, Hurst NM, Smith EO, Schanler RJ. Ethnic/racialdiversity, maternal stress, lactation and very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol. 2007; 27:399-408.
  • Ziomkiewicz A, Babiszewska M, Apanasewicz A, Piosek M, Wychowaniec P, Cierniak A, Barbarska O, Szołtysik M, Danel D, Wichary S. Psychosocial stress and cortisol stress reactivity predict breast milk composition. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 2;11(1):11576. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90980-3.
  • Stuebe AM, Grewen K, Pedersen CA, Propper C, Meltzer Brody S. Failed lactation and perinatal depression: common problems with shared neuro endocrinemechanisms? J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2012; 21(3):264-272. doi:10.1089/ jwh.2011.3083.
  • Lonstein JS. Regulation of anxiety during the postpartum period. Front Neuro endocrinol. 2007; 28(2-3):115-141. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.05.002.
  • Zanardo V, Buzzacchero R, Giustardi A, Trevisanuto D, Micaglio M. Breastfeeding the ‘healthy’ near-term infants after laryngeal mask airway ortraditional resuscitation methods. J Mat-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22:92-95.
  • He J, Yimyam S, Namprom N. Breastfeeding self-efficacy, social support, and breastfeeding among Chinese mothers with late preterm infants. Journal of Neonatal Nursing. 2021;28(1):21-25. doi:10.1016/j.jnn.2021.07.005.
  • Crippa BL, Colombo L, Morniroli D, Consonni D, Bettinelli ME, Spreafico I, et al., Do a few weeks matter? Late preterm ınfants and breastfeeding Issues. Nutrients. 2019;1;11(2):312. doi: 10.3390/nu11020312.
  • Zhang K, Tang L, Wang H, Qiu LQ, Binns CW, Lee AH. Why do mothers of young infants choose to formula feed in China? Perceptions of mothers and hospital staff. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015;12(5):4520-4532.
  • Brockway M, Benzies KM, Carr E, Aziz K. Does breastfeeding self-efficacy theory apply to mothers of moderate and late pretermi nfants? A qualitative exploration. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2020;29(15-16): 2872-2885. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15304.
  • Loke AY, Chan LKS. Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and the breastfeeding behaviors of newborns in thepractice of exclusive breastfeeding. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic&Neonatal Nursing. 2013;42(6): 672-684.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Intensive Care
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gonca Karataş Baran 0000-0002-7996-6144

Sevil Şahin 0000-0001-7089-6648

Dilek Sarici 0000-0002-7671-3010

Fatma Torun 0000-0003-4115-0294

Tülin Gündoğdu 0000-0002-0691-5303

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date November 9, 2023
Acceptance Date June 13, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Karataş Baran G, Şahin S, Sarici D, Torun F, Gündoğdu T. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANXIETY LEVELS OF MOTHERS OF LATE PREMATURE AND TERM INFANTS AND BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICACY AND BREASTFEEDING SUCCESS. Acta Med Nicomedia. June 2025;8(2):104-112. doi:10.53446/actamednicomedia.1388483

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