Research Article
Kurutma Ortamının Nijerya'nın Akwa Ibom Eyaleti Kıyı Şeridine Özgü Çiroz Balığının Organik Madde ve Mineral Bileşimi Üzerine Etkisi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Güney Nijerya'daki Akwa Ibom Eyaleti'nin Doğu Obolo, Ibeno, İkot Abasi ve Mkpat Enin Yerel Yönetim Bölgelerinin kıyı şeridinden kurutulmuş kraker (Pseudotolithus typus) balığının besin bileşimi araştırılmıştır. Tasarlanan aktif solar kurutucu kullanılarak kurutulan ürünlerin kalitesi, yerel balık satıcıları tarafından yaygın olarak kullanılan geleneksel yol kenarı kurutucusu kullanılarak kurutulan aynı ürünlerin kalitesiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, iki kurutma ortamından elde edilen ürünlerin yakın özelliklerinde önemli farklılıklar (p < 0.05) olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Kül içeriği, ham lif ve lipid, geleneksel kurutucudan elde edilen ürünlerde güneş enerjili kurutucudan elde edilen ürünlerden daha yüksekti. Protein içeriği aktif solar kurutucudan elde edilen ürünlerde (%47,67±0,17) konvansiyonel kurutucudan elde edilenlere göre (%43,33±0,19) biraz daha yüksekti. Bu bulgular, aktif solar kurutucudan elde edilen ürünlerin daha sağlıklı olduğunu göstermektedir. Karbonhidrat içeriği geleneksel yol kenarı kurutucusundan elde edilen ürünlerde (%4,13±0,02) solar kurutucudan elde edilen ürünlere (%3,74±0,03) kıyasla daha yüksekti. Enerji seviyesi de güneşte kurutulan ürünlerde (467,17±0,39 Kcal) geleneksel kurutucudan elde edilenlere (430,33±0,34 Kcal) kıyasla daha yüksekti. Bu farklılıklar, ürünün yabancı maddelere maruz kalması ve kurutma ortamının niteliği gibi faktörlere bağlanmıştır. Çalışma, geleneksel kurutucudan elde edilen ürünlerde aktif solar kurutucudan elde edilenlere kıyasla yüksek konsantrasyonda makro elementlerin (Sodyum, Potasyum, Kalsiyum, Magnezyum ve Kükürt) varlığını doğrulamıştır. İki yöntemle elde edilen ürünlerin mineral bileşimi de önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir (p < 0.05). Çalışma, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından öngörülen 0.010 Mg/kg değerinden daha düşük olan düşük arsenik, klor ve iyot seviyelerine dayanarak aktif solar kurutucudan kurutulan ürünlerin tüketimini önermektedir.
References
- Abimbola, A. O. (2016). Proximate and mineral composition of Pseudotolithus senegalensis and Pseudotolithus typus from lagos lagoon, Nigeria. Food and Applied Bioscience Journal, 2016, 4(1): 35–40. https://doi.org/10.14456/fabj.2016.4
- Ahmed, E. O., Ahmed. A. M., Ebrahim, S. J. & H. Adm, H. H. (2017). Proximate and mineral composition of some commercially important fishes in Jebel Awlia reservoir, Sudan. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture Research. 3(1): 51-57.
- Ahmed, I., Jan, K., Fatma, S., & Dawood, M. A. O. (2022). Muscle proximate composition of various food fish species and their nutritional significance: A review. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 106, 690–719. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13711
- Alahmad, K., Xia, W., Jiang, Q., & Xu, Y. (2021). Influence of Drying Techniques on the Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Morphological Properties of Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Fillets. Foods, 10(11), 2837. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10112837
- Amusan, E. E., Oluwagunke, O. T., Akhiromen & Iniobong, D. (2018). Bacteriological status and proximate composition of croaker (Pseudotolithus elongatus) from retail outlets in Makoko environs in Lagos State , Nigeria. Corpus ID: 174795657. Retrieved Sep 27, 2024 from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Bacteriological-status-and-proximate-composition-of-AmusanEsther/f9d016e8dbce57a7144d89ad13b6e76dd930fb59
- AOAC (2020). Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC), “Official method of Analysis,” 17th Edition, Association of Official Chemists, Maryland.
- Avila, T. N., Bigueja, M. C., Bradecina, R. G., Mendoza, Jr., A. B., Canon, K. L. & Kubota, S. (2022). Proximate composition and changes in muscle proteins of dried salted abo (otolithes ruber). Food Research, 6 (1): 178 – 187. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(1).064
- Ayegbusi, B. (2021). Chemical composition and amino acid profile of fish flour obtained from catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), mackerel (Tranchurus symmetricus) and croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Sep 20, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/chemical-composition-and-amino-acid-profile-of-fish-flour-obtained-from-catfish-ictalurus-punctatus-mackerel-tranchurus-symmetricus-and-croaker-micropogonias-undulatus-7-2
- Baraiya, R., Rathod, S., Tandel, M. & Sahu, A. (2022). Nutritional profiling of some selected commercial important fishes of the Veraval coast. The Pharma Innovation Journal. SP-11(11): 1471-1474.
- Balavinayagamani, G., Chua, Y. Y., Suryadevara, N & Shanthi, P. (2020). Proximate composition analysis of some commercial dried fishes sold in malaysian markets. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research, 8(11): 180-186.
- Bolawa O. E., Gbenle G. O., Ayodele S. O., Adewusi O. R., Mosuro A. O. & Apata O. S. (2011). Proximate composition properties of different fish species obtained from Lagos, Nigeria. Internet Journal of Food Safety, 13(1): 342-344.
- Chen, L., Zeng, W., Rong, Y. & Lou, B. (2022). Compositions, nutritional and texture quality of wild-caught and cage-cultured small yellow croaker. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 107, e104370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104370
- Chukwu, O. (2009). Influences of Drying Methods on Nutritional Properties of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis nilotieus). Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 5, 600 - 603.
- Dou, X., Wang, Y. Q., Wu, Y. Y., Hu, X., Yang, S. L., Li, C. S., & Cen, J. W. (2020). Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in liver of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Journal of Food, 18(1), 551–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2020.1800824
- Edet, B. E, Etim, P. J., Udo, A. U., Ekop, I. E., and Umoh, E. O. (2024). Sensory evaluation of croaker fish exposed to solar and traditional drying methods. AKSU Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 8(3): 63-70.
- Ezugwu, D. (2021). Proximate analysis of four different fish species: catfish, croaker, tilapia and mackerel. Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Sep 19, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/proximate-analysis-of-four-different-fish-species-catfish-croaker-tilapla-and-mackerel-7-2
- FAO, W. (2001). Human vitamin and mineral requirements: Report of a Joint FAO-WHO Expert Consultation. Bangkok: Food and Agricultural Organization. World Health Organization.
- Fitri, N., Chan, S. X. Y., CheLah, N. H., Jam, F. A., Misnan, N. M., Kamal, N., Sarian, M. N., MohdLazaldin, M. A., Low, C. F., Hamezah, H. S., Rohani, E. R., Mediani, A. & Abas, F. (2022). A comprehensive review on the processing of dried fish and the associated chemical and nutritional changes, Foods, 11, 2938. https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/19/2938
- Gong Y., Lu J., Huang Y., Gao L., Wang X. & Huang H. (2019). Nutrient compositional differentiation in the muscle of wild, inshore and offshore cage-cultured large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 18(3): 497-506. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfs.2018.116906
- Ibe, E. (2021). Proximate Composition and lipid profile analysis of crude oil extracts from boiled and roasted croaker fish (P. typus) and mackerel fish (scomber scrombus). Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Sep 27, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/proximate-composition-and-lipid-profile-analysis-of-crude-oil-extracts-from-boiled-an%5D-roasted-croaker-fish-pseudotolithus-spp-and-mackerel-fish-scomber-scrombus-7-2
- Kim, B. -S., Oh, B. -J., Lee, J. -H., Yoon, Y. S., & Lee, H. -I. (2020). Effects of Various Drying Methods on Physicochemical Characteristics and Textural Features of Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys Polyactis). Foods, 9(2), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9020196
- Mehta, N. K. & Nayak, B. B. (2017). Bio-chemical composition, functional, and rheological properties of fresh meat from fish, squid, and shrimp: A comparative study. International Journal of Food Properties, 20(sup1), S707–721. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1308955
- Mehta, N. K., Elavarasan, K., Majunatha, R. A., Sharmasundar, B. A. (2014). Effect of ice storage on the functional properties of proteins from a few species of freshwater fish with special emphasis on gel forming ability. Journal of Food Science Technology, 51, 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0558-y
- Moses, E. O. (2019). Mineral composition and fatty acid profile of smoked horse mackerel. Journal of Biotechnology Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, 5(3): 28-34. https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.53.28.34
- Moshood, M. K., Ajibola, T. B., Ademola, S. K. & Salako, A F. (2014). Proximate analysis of fish dried with solar dryers. Italian Journal of Food Science, 26(2): 221-226.
- Namaga, W. M., Yahaya, B. & Salam, M. A. (2020). Proximate composition of male and female African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Tilapia zilli) in Jega river, Kebbi state, Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries, Livestock and Veterinary Science. 01(02):28-35. https://doi.org/10.18801/jflvs.010220.04
- Njinkoue, J. M., Gouado, I., Tchoumbougnang, I. F., Yanga Ngueguim, J. H., Ndinteh, D. T., Fomogne-Fodjo, C. Y. & Schweigert, F. J. (2016). Proximate composition, mineral content and fatty acid profile of two marine fishes from Cameroonian coast: 522 NFS Journal, 4: 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nfs.2016.07.002 Ondo-Azi, A. S., Kumulungui, B. S., Mewono, L., Koumba, A. M. & Missang, C. E. (2013). Proximate composition and microbiological study of five marine fish species consumed in Gabon. Australian Journal of French Studies, 7: 227-231. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJFS12.177
- Petricorena, Z. C. (2014). Chemical composition of fish and fishery products. In: Cheung, P. (eds) Handbook of Food Chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41609-512-1
- Rasul, A. G., Yuan, C. & Shah, A. A. (2021). Chemical composition and nutritional value of dried fish in Bangladesh. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries. 25(4): 379 – 399.
- Rasul, M. G., Kabir, I. E., Yuan, C., & Shah, A. K. M. A. (2021). Effects of drying methods on physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of torpedo scad (Megalaspis cordyla). Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 10(6), e2796. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2796
- Siddiky M. N. I., Bosu A., Roy B. C., Sarker, S. K. & Moniruzzaman, M. (2017). Determination of optimized dose with synthetic hormone for induced spawning of vietnamese koi (Anabus testudineus). International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(1): 103-110.
- Simpson, V. B., & Aliboh, Uche. (2019). Elemental study of common iced fish species sold in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria”. European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 10 (1):31-42. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2019/v10i130094
- Tang, H., Chen, L., Xiao, C. & Tian, W. (2009). Fatty acid profiles of muscle from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) of different age. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 10, 154–158. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0820176
- Umamageshwari, M., Uma Rajeswari, S. & Sivasakthi, R. (2022). Biochemical composition, mineral content and FTIR analysis on five different tissues of fresh water fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) in Tenkasi District. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University, Natural Science Edition. 18(8): 556-570.
Effect of Drying Medium on Proximate and Mineral Composition of Croaker Fish peculiar to the Coastline of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study investigated the nutritional composition of dried croaker (p. typus) fish from the coastline of Eastern Obolo, Ibeno, Ikot Abasi, and Mkpat Enin Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, in Southern Nigeria. It compared the quality of fish dried in a traditional roadside dryer commonly used by local fish vendors with that of fish dried in an active solar dryer designed for agricultural products. The results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the proximate composition of the fish from the two drying methods. The ash content, crude fiber, and lipid were higher in the conventionally dried samples compared to the products from the solar dryer. Furthermore, the protein content was slightly higher in the products from the active solar dryer (47.67±0.17 %) than in those from the conventional dryer (43.33±0.19 %). These findings suggest that the product from the active solar dryer may help reduce the risk of high blood pressure and promote a healthier diet. Carbohydrate levels were higher in the samples from the conventional roadside dryer (4.13±0.02 %) than in the products from the solar dryer (3.74±0.03 %). The energy level was also higher in the solar-dried samples (3.74±0.03 %) compared to those from the conventional dryer (430.33±0.34 Kcal). These differences were attributed to factors such as exposure of the product to impurities and the nature of the drying medium. Additionally, the study found that the macro elements (Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulphur) were present in higher concentrations in products from the conventional dryer than in those from the active solar dryer. The mineral composition of the samples from the two methods also exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05). The study recommended the consumption of these products based on their low toxic levels.
Ethical Statement
Local Ethics Committee Approval was not obtained because experimental animals were not used in this study.
Thanks
This is a study aimed at advancing drying technology for local fish products in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria. It is part of collaborative efforts by academics within the state to promote healthy consumption of fish and fish related products. We would be glad if this paper is assessed and accepted for publication. Thanks. Dr. Promise J. Etim (Corresponding Author).
References
- Abimbola, A. O. (2016). Proximate and mineral composition of Pseudotolithus senegalensis and Pseudotolithus typus from lagos lagoon, Nigeria. Food and Applied Bioscience Journal, 2016, 4(1): 35–40. https://doi.org/10.14456/fabj.2016.4
- Ahmed, E. O., Ahmed. A. M., Ebrahim, S. J. & H. Adm, H. H. (2017). Proximate and mineral composition of some commercially important fishes in Jebel Awlia reservoir, Sudan. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture Research. 3(1): 51-57.
- Ahmed, I., Jan, K., Fatma, S., & Dawood, M. A. O. (2022). Muscle proximate composition of various food fish species and their nutritional significance: A review. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 106, 690–719. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13711
- Alahmad, K., Xia, W., Jiang, Q., & Xu, Y. (2021). Influence of Drying Techniques on the Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Morphological Properties of Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Fillets. Foods, 10(11), 2837. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10112837
- Amusan, E. E., Oluwagunke, O. T., Akhiromen & Iniobong, D. (2018). Bacteriological status and proximate composition of croaker (Pseudotolithus elongatus) from retail outlets in Makoko environs in Lagos State , Nigeria. Corpus ID: 174795657. Retrieved Sep 27, 2024 from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Bacteriological-status-and-proximate-composition-of-AmusanEsther/f9d016e8dbce57a7144d89ad13b6e76dd930fb59
- AOAC (2020). Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC), “Official method of Analysis,” 17th Edition, Association of Official Chemists, Maryland.
- Avila, T. N., Bigueja, M. C., Bradecina, R. G., Mendoza, Jr., A. B., Canon, K. L. & Kubota, S. (2022). Proximate composition and changes in muscle proteins of dried salted abo (otolithes ruber). Food Research, 6 (1): 178 – 187. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(1).064
- Ayegbusi, B. (2021). Chemical composition and amino acid profile of fish flour obtained from catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), mackerel (Tranchurus symmetricus) and croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Sep 20, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/chemical-composition-and-amino-acid-profile-of-fish-flour-obtained-from-catfish-ictalurus-punctatus-mackerel-tranchurus-symmetricus-and-croaker-micropogonias-undulatus-7-2
- Baraiya, R., Rathod, S., Tandel, M. & Sahu, A. (2022). Nutritional profiling of some selected commercial important fishes of the Veraval coast. The Pharma Innovation Journal. SP-11(11): 1471-1474.
- Balavinayagamani, G., Chua, Y. Y., Suryadevara, N & Shanthi, P. (2020). Proximate composition analysis of some commercial dried fishes sold in malaysian markets. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research, 8(11): 180-186.
- Bolawa O. E., Gbenle G. O., Ayodele S. O., Adewusi O. R., Mosuro A. O. & Apata O. S. (2011). Proximate composition properties of different fish species obtained from Lagos, Nigeria. Internet Journal of Food Safety, 13(1): 342-344.
- Chen, L., Zeng, W., Rong, Y. & Lou, B. (2022). Compositions, nutritional and texture quality of wild-caught and cage-cultured small yellow croaker. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 107, e104370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104370
- Chukwu, O. (2009). Influences of Drying Methods on Nutritional Properties of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis nilotieus). Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 5, 600 - 603.
- Dou, X., Wang, Y. Q., Wu, Y. Y., Hu, X., Yang, S. L., Li, C. S., & Cen, J. W. (2020). Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in liver of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Journal of Food, 18(1), 551–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2020.1800824
- Edet, B. E, Etim, P. J., Udo, A. U., Ekop, I. E., and Umoh, E. O. (2024). Sensory evaluation of croaker fish exposed to solar and traditional drying methods. AKSU Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 8(3): 63-70.
- Ezugwu, D. (2021). Proximate analysis of four different fish species: catfish, croaker, tilapia and mackerel. Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Sep 19, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/proximate-analysis-of-four-different-fish-species-catfish-croaker-tilapla-and-mackerel-7-2
- FAO, W. (2001). Human vitamin and mineral requirements: Report of a Joint FAO-WHO Expert Consultation. Bangkok: Food and Agricultural Organization. World Health Organization.
- Fitri, N., Chan, S. X. Y., CheLah, N. H., Jam, F. A., Misnan, N. M., Kamal, N., Sarian, M. N., MohdLazaldin, M. A., Low, C. F., Hamezah, H. S., Rohani, E. R., Mediani, A. & Abas, F. (2022). A comprehensive review on the processing of dried fish and the associated chemical and nutritional changes, Foods, 11, 2938. https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/19/2938
- Gong Y., Lu J., Huang Y., Gao L., Wang X. & Huang H. (2019). Nutrient compositional differentiation in the muscle of wild, inshore and offshore cage-cultured large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 18(3): 497-506. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfs.2018.116906
- Ibe, E. (2021). Proximate Composition and lipid profile analysis of crude oil extracts from boiled and roasted croaker fish (P. typus) and mackerel fish (scomber scrombus). Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved Sep 27, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/proximate-composition-and-lipid-profile-analysis-of-crude-oil-extracts-from-boiled-an%5D-roasted-croaker-fish-pseudotolithus-spp-and-mackerel-fish-scomber-scrombus-7-2
- Kim, B. -S., Oh, B. -J., Lee, J. -H., Yoon, Y. S., & Lee, H. -I. (2020). Effects of Various Drying Methods on Physicochemical Characteristics and Textural Features of Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys Polyactis). Foods, 9(2), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9020196
- Mehta, N. K. & Nayak, B. B. (2017). Bio-chemical composition, functional, and rheological properties of fresh meat from fish, squid, and shrimp: A comparative study. International Journal of Food Properties, 20(sup1), S707–721. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1308955
- Mehta, N. K., Elavarasan, K., Majunatha, R. A., Sharmasundar, B. A. (2014). Effect of ice storage on the functional properties of proteins from a few species of freshwater fish with special emphasis on gel forming ability. Journal of Food Science Technology, 51, 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0558-y
- Moses, E. O. (2019). Mineral composition and fatty acid profile of smoked horse mackerel. Journal of Biotechnology Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, 5(3): 28-34. https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.53.28.34
- Moshood, M. K., Ajibola, T. B., Ademola, S. K. & Salako, A F. (2014). Proximate analysis of fish dried with solar dryers. Italian Journal of Food Science, 26(2): 221-226.
- Namaga, W. M., Yahaya, B. & Salam, M. A. (2020). Proximate composition of male and female African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Tilapia zilli) in Jega river, Kebbi state, Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries, Livestock and Veterinary Science. 01(02):28-35. https://doi.org/10.18801/jflvs.010220.04
- Njinkoue, J. M., Gouado, I., Tchoumbougnang, I. F., Yanga Ngueguim, J. H., Ndinteh, D. T., Fomogne-Fodjo, C. Y. & Schweigert, F. J. (2016). Proximate composition, mineral content and fatty acid profile of two marine fishes from Cameroonian coast: 522 NFS Journal, 4: 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nfs.2016.07.002 Ondo-Azi, A. S., Kumulungui, B. S., Mewono, L., Koumba, A. M. & Missang, C. E. (2013). Proximate composition and microbiological study of five marine fish species consumed in Gabon. Australian Journal of French Studies, 7: 227-231. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJFS12.177
- Petricorena, Z. C. (2014). Chemical composition of fish and fishery products. In: Cheung, P. (eds) Handbook of Food Chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41609-512-1
- Rasul, A. G., Yuan, C. & Shah, A. A. (2021). Chemical composition and nutritional value of dried fish in Bangladesh. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries. 25(4): 379 – 399.
- Rasul, M. G., Kabir, I. E., Yuan, C., & Shah, A. K. M. A. (2021). Effects of drying methods on physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of torpedo scad (Megalaspis cordyla). Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 10(6), e2796. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2796
- Siddiky M. N. I., Bosu A., Roy B. C., Sarker, S. K. & Moniruzzaman, M. (2017). Determination of optimized dose with synthetic hormone for induced spawning of vietnamese koi (Anabus testudineus). International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(1): 103-110.
- Simpson, V. B., & Aliboh, Uche. (2019). Elemental study of common iced fish species sold in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria”. European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 10 (1):31-42. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2019/v10i130094
- Tang, H., Chen, L., Xiao, C. & Tian, W. (2009). Fatty acid profiles of muscle from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) of different age. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 10, 154–158. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0820176
- Umamageshwari, M., Uma Rajeswari, S. & Sivasakthi, R. (2022). Biochemical composition, mineral content and FTIR analysis on five different tissues of fresh water fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) in Tenkasi District. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University, Natural Science Edition. 18(8): 556-570.
There are 34 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Food Engineering, Aquaculture and Fisheries (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | May 14, 2025 |
| Publication Date | |
| Submission Date | October 5, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | December 18, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 21 Issue: 2 |
