Research Article
Year 2025,
Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 23.04.2025
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the deleterious effects of acrylamide on rat testicular tissue and to determine how these effects might vary in response to black carrot juice.
Materials and Methods: Four groups of adult male Wistar albino rats were formed: Control, Acrylamide, Black carrot juice and Acrylamide + Black carrot juice. For 30 days, 20 mg/kg acrylamide dose was administered intraperitoneally and 4 mg/kg black carrot juice dose was administered orally every second day.
Results: Malondialdehyde and glutathione S-transferase levels rose in the acrylamide group relative to the control group, whereas the levels of the enzymes glutathione and carboxylesterase dropped. Malondialdehyde and glutathione S-transferase levels were lower in the acrylamide+black carrot juice group than in the acrylamide group, whereas glutathione and carboxylesterase enzyme activity levels were higher.
Conclusion: Lipid peroxidation was discovered as a result of acrylamide’s detrimental effects on the antioxidant enzyme system. It was observed that black carrot juice had positive effects.
Ethical Statement
The Adıyaman University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee provided ethical approval (2018/006). All experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals
Supporting Institution
There is no person/organization that financially supports this study.
References
- Nodeh HR, Ibrahim WAW, Kamboh MA, Sanagi MM. Magnetic graphene sol–gel hybrid as clean-up adsorbent for acrylamide analysis in food samples prior to GC–MS. Food chemistry. 2018;239:208-216.
- Koszucka A, Nowak A, Nowak I, Motyl I. Acrylamide in human diet, its metabolism, toxicity, inactivation and the associated European Union legal regulations in food industry. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2020;60(10):1677-1692.
- Pan M, Liu K, Yang J, Hong L, Xie X, Wang S. Review of Research into the Determination of Acrylamide in Foods. Foods. 2020;9(4):524.
- Acaroz U, Ince S, Arslan-Acaroz D, et al. The ameliorative effects of boron against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and metabolic changes in rats. Food and chemical toxicology. 2018;118:745-752.
- Abdel-Daim MM, Abo El-Ela FI, Alshahrani FK, et al. Protective effects of thymoquinone against acrylamide-induced liver, kidney and brain oxidative damage in rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020;27:37709-37717.
- Lebda M, Gad S, Gaafar H. Effects of lipoic acid on acrylamide induced testicular damage. Materia socio-medica. 2014;26(3):208.
- Yilmaz BO, Yildizbayrak N, Aydin Y, Erkan M. Evidence of acrylamide-and glycidamide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in Leydig and Sertoli cells. Human & experimental toxicology. 2017;36(12):1225-1235.
- Hasanin NA, Sayed NM, Ghoneim FM, Al-Sherief SA. Histological and ultrastructure study of the testes of acrylamide exposed adult male albino rat and evaluation of the possible protective effect of vitamin E intake. Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure. 2018;6(1):23.
- Erdemli Z, Erdemli ME, Turkoz Y, Gul M, Yigitcan B, Gozukara Bag H. The effects of acrylamide and Vitamin E administration during pregnancy on adult rats testis. Andrologia. 2019;51(7):e13292.
- Bedir F, Kocatürk H, Yapanoğlu T, et al. Protective effect of taxifolin against prooxidant and proinflammatory kidney damage associated with acrylamide in rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2021;139:111660.
- Ramazani N, Mahd Gharebagh F, Soleimanzadeh A, et al. The influence of L‐proline and fulvic acid on oxidative stress and semen quality of buffalo bull semen following cryopreservation. Veterinary Medicine and Science. 2023;9(4):1791-1802.
- Ribarova F, Atanassova M, Marinova D, Ribarova F, Atanassova M. Total phenolics and flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables. JU Chem Metal. 2005;40(3):255-260.
- Arscott SA, Tanumihardjo SA. Carrots of many colors provide basic nutrition and bioavailable phytochemicals acting as a functional food. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety. 2010;9(2):223-239.
- Bahorun T, Luximon‐Ramma A, Crozier A, Aruoma OI. Total phenol, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and vitamin C levels and antioxidant activities of Mauritian vegetables. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2004;84(12):1553-1561.
- Zhang X, Chen F, Huang Z. Apoptosis induced by acrylamide is suppressed in a 21.5% fat diet through caspase-3-independent pathway in mice testis. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods. 2009;19(3):219-224.
- Bawari S, Sah AN, Tewari D. Anticalcifying effect of Daucus carota in experimental urolithiasis in Wistar rats. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. 2020;11(3):308-315.
- Liu R, Choi HS, Kim S-L, Kim J-H, Yun B-S, Lee D-S. 6-Methoxymellein isolated from carrot (Daucus carota L.) targets breast cancer stem cells by regulating NF-κB signaling. Molecules. 2020;25(19):4374.
- Rao AV, Rao LG. Carotenoids and human health. Pharmacological research. 2007;55(3):207-216.
- Alkadi H. A review on free radicals and antioxidants. Infectious Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Infectious Disorders). 2020;20(1):16-26.
- Sherratt PJ, Hayes JD. Glutathione S‐transferases. Enzyme systems that metabolise drugs and other xenobiotics. 2001:319-352.
- Kisaoglu A, Borekci B, Yapca OE, Bilen H, Suleyman H. Tissue damage and oxidant/antioxidant balance. The Eurasian journal of medicine. 2013;45(1):47.
- Satoh T. Toxicological implications of esterases—from molecular structures to functions. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2005;207(2):11-18.
- Ross MK, Borazjani A, Edwards CC, Potter PM. Hydrolytic metabolism of pyrethroids by human and other mammalian carboxylesterases. Biochemical pharmacology. 2006;71(5):657-669.
- Akhtar S, Rauf A, Imran M, Qamar M, Riaz M, Mubarak MS. Black carrot (Daucus carota L.), dietary and health promoting perspectives of its polyphenols: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2017;66:36-47.
- Moron M, Depierre J, Mannervik B. Biochim Biophys Acta. Gen Subj. 1979;582:67-78.
- Oliveira Filho AB, Souza RSd, Azeredo-Oliveira MTVd, Peruquetti RL, Cedenho AP. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction causes spermatogenic alterations in the contralateral testis. 2010;9(3):1405-13.
- Hamdy S, Bakeer H, Eskander E, Sayed O. Effect of acrylamide on some hormones and endocrine tissues in male rats. Human & experimental toxicology. 2012;31(5):483-491.
- Yildizbayrak N, Erkan M. Therapeutic effect of curcumin on acrylamide‐induced apoptosis mediated by MAPK signaling pathway in Leydig cells. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology. 2019;33(7):e22326.
- Takahashi M, Inoue K, Koyama N, et al. Life stage-related differences in susceptibility to acrylamide-induced neural and testicular toxicity. Archives of toxicology. 2011;85:1109-1120.
- Stocker P, Yousfi M, Djerridane O, et al. Effect of flavonoids from various Mediterranean plants on enzymatic activity of intestinal carboxylesterase. Biochimie. 2004;86(12):919-925.
- Wang H, Huang P, Lie T, et al. Reproductive toxicity of acrylamide-treated male rats. Reprod Toxicol. Apr 2010;29(2):225-30. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.11.002
- Şen E, Tunali Y, Erkan M. Testicular development of male mice offsprings exposed to acrylamide and alcohol during the gestation and lactation period. Hum Exp Toxicol. Apr 2015;34(4):401-14. doi:10.1177/0960327114542883
- Kaçar S, Şahintürk V, Can B, Musmul A. L-Cysteine Partially Protects Against Acrylamide-Induced Testicular Toxicity. Balkan Med J. Apr 4 2018;35(4):311-9. doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.2017.0830
Year 2025,
Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 23.04.2025
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı akrilamidin sıçan testis dokusu üzerindeki zararlı etkilerini araştırmak ve bu etkilerin siyah havuç suyuna yanıt olarak nasıl değişebileceğini belirlemekti.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Yetişkin erkek Wistar albino sıçanlar dört gruba ayrıldı: Kontrol, Akrilamid, Siyah havuç suyu ve akrilamid + siyah havuç suyu. 30 gün boyunca, 20 mg/kg akrilamid dozu intraperitoneal olarak uygulandı ve 4 mg/kg siyah havuç suyu dozu her iki günde bir oral olarak uygulandı.
Bulgular: Malondialdehit ve glutatyon S-transferaz seviyeleri akrilamid grubunda kontrol grubuna göre artarken, glutatyon ve karboksilesteraz enzimlerinin seviyeleri düştü. Malondialdehit ve glutatyon S-transferaz seviyeleri akrilamid + siyah havuç suyu grubunda akrilamid grubuna göre daha düşüktü, buna karşın glutatyon ve karboksilesteraz enzim aktivite seviyeleri daha yüksekti.
Sonuç: Akrilamid’in antioksidan enzim sistemi üzerindeki zararlı etkilerinin bir sonucu olarak lipid peroksidasyonu keşfedildi. Siyah havuç suyu’nun pozitif etkileri olduğu görüldü.
Ethical Statement
The Adıyaman University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee provided ethical approval (2018/006). All experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals.
Supporting Institution
There is no person/organization that financially supports this study.
References
- Nodeh HR, Ibrahim WAW, Kamboh MA, Sanagi MM. Magnetic graphene sol–gel hybrid as clean-up adsorbent for acrylamide analysis in food samples prior to GC–MS. Food chemistry. 2018;239:208-216.
- Koszucka A, Nowak A, Nowak I, Motyl I. Acrylamide in human diet, its metabolism, toxicity, inactivation and the associated European Union legal regulations in food industry. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2020;60(10):1677-1692.
- Pan M, Liu K, Yang J, Hong L, Xie X, Wang S. Review of Research into the Determination of Acrylamide in Foods. Foods. 2020;9(4):524.
- Acaroz U, Ince S, Arslan-Acaroz D, et al. The ameliorative effects of boron against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and metabolic changes in rats. Food and chemical toxicology. 2018;118:745-752.
- Abdel-Daim MM, Abo El-Ela FI, Alshahrani FK, et al. Protective effects of thymoquinone against acrylamide-induced liver, kidney and brain oxidative damage in rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020;27:37709-37717.
- Lebda M, Gad S, Gaafar H. Effects of lipoic acid on acrylamide induced testicular damage. Materia socio-medica. 2014;26(3):208.
- Yilmaz BO, Yildizbayrak N, Aydin Y, Erkan M. Evidence of acrylamide-and glycidamide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in Leydig and Sertoli cells. Human & experimental toxicology. 2017;36(12):1225-1235.
- Hasanin NA, Sayed NM, Ghoneim FM, Al-Sherief SA. Histological and ultrastructure study of the testes of acrylamide exposed adult male albino rat and evaluation of the possible protective effect of vitamin E intake. Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure. 2018;6(1):23.
- Erdemli Z, Erdemli ME, Turkoz Y, Gul M, Yigitcan B, Gozukara Bag H. The effects of acrylamide and Vitamin E administration during pregnancy on adult rats testis. Andrologia. 2019;51(7):e13292.
- Bedir F, Kocatürk H, Yapanoğlu T, et al. Protective effect of taxifolin against prooxidant and proinflammatory kidney damage associated with acrylamide in rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2021;139:111660.
- Ramazani N, Mahd Gharebagh F, Soleimanzadeh A, et al. The influence of L‐proline and fulvic acid on oxidative stress and semen quality of buffalo bull semen following cryopreservation. Veterinary Medicine and Science. 2023;9(4):1791-1802.
- Ribarova F, Atanassova M, Marinova D, Ribarova F, Atanassova M. Total phenolics and flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables. JU Chem Metal. 2005;40(3):255-260.
- Arscott SA, Tanumihardjo SA. Carrots of many colors provide basic nutrition and bioavailable phytochemicals acting as a functional food. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety. 2010;9(2):223-239.
- Bahorun T, Luximon‐Ramma A, Crozier A, Aruoma OI. Total phenol, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and vitamin C levels and antioxidant activities of Mauritian vegetables. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2004;84(12):1553-1561.
- Zhang X, Chen F, Huang Z. Apoptosis induced by acrylamide is suppressed in a 21.5% fat diet through caspase-3-independent pathway in mice testis. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods. 2009;19(3):219-224.
- Bawari S, Sah AN, Tewari D. Anticalcifying effect of Daucus carota in experimental urolithiasis in Wistar rats. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. 2020;11(3):308-315.
- Liu R, Choi HS, Kim S-L, Kim J-H, Yun B-S, Lee D-S. 6-Methoxymellein isolated from carrot (Daucus carota L.) targets breast cancer stem cells by regulating NF-κB signaling. Molecules. 2020;25(19):4374.
- Rao AV, Rao LG. Carotenoids and human health. Pharmacological research. 2007;55(3):207-216.
- Alkadi H. A review on free radicals and antioxidants. Infectious Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Infectious Disorders). 2020;20(1):16-26.
- Sherratt PJ, Hayes JD. Glutathione S‐transferases. Enzyme systems that metabolise drugs and other xenobiotics. 2001:319-352.
- Kisaoglu A, Borekci B, Yapca OE, Bilen H, Suleyman H. Tissue damage and oxidant/antioxidant balance. The Eurasian journal of medicine. 2013;45(1):47.
- Satoh T. Toxicological implications of esterases—from molecular structures to functions. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2005;207(2):11-18.
- Ross MK, Borazjani A, Edwards CC, Potter PM. Hydrolytic metabolism of pyrethroids by human and other mammalian carboxylesterases. Biochemical pharmacology. 2006;71(5):657-669.
- Akhtar S, Rauf A, Imran M, Qamar M, Riaz M, Mubarak MS. Black carrot (Daucus carota L.), dietary and health promoting perspectives of its polyphenols: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2017;66:36-47.
- Moron M, Depierre J, Mannervik B. Biochim Biophys Acta. Gen Subj. 1979;582:67-78.
- Oliveira Filho AB, Souza RSd, Azeredo-Oliveira MTVd, Peruquetti RL, Cedenho AP. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction causes spermatogenic alterations in the contralateral testis. 2010;9(3):1405-13.
- Hamdy S, Bakeer H, Eskander E, Sayed O. Effect of acrylamide on some hormones and endocrine tissues in male rats. Human & experimental toxicology. 2012;31(5):483-491.
- Yildizbayrak N, Erkan M. Therapeutic effect of curcumin on acrylamide‐induced apoptosis mediated by MAPK signaling pathway in Leydig cells. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology. 2019;33(7):e22326.
- Takahashi M, Inoue K, Koyama N, et al. Life stage-related differences in susceptibility to acrylamide-induced neural and testicular toxicity. Archives of toxicology. 2011;85:1109-1120.
- Stocker P, Yousfi M, Djerridane O, et al. Effect of flavonoids from various Mediterranean plants on enzymatic activity of intestinal carboxylesterase. Biochimie. 2004;86(12):919-925.
- Wang H, Huang P, Lie T, et al. Reproductive toxicity of acrylamide-treated male rats. Reprod Toxicol. Apr 2010;29(2):225-30. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.11.002
- Şen E, Tunali Y, Erkan M. Testicular development of male mice offsprings exposed to acrylamide and alcohol during the gestation and lactation period. Hum Exp Toxicol. Apr 2015;34(4):401-14. doi:10.1177/0960327114542883
- Kaçar S, Şahintürk V, Can B, Musmul A. L-Cysteine Partially Protects Against Acrylamide-Induced Testicular Toxicity. Balkan Med J. Apr 4 2018;35(4):311-9. doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.2017.0830
There are 33 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Enzymes |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 23, 2025 |
| Submission Date | December 3, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | March 25, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 |
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