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FRP Donatılı Derin Betonarme Kirişlerin Yük ve Sehim Kapasitelerinin Modellenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 25, 1 - 19, 30.04.2025

Merve Ete , Abdulkadir Çevik

https://doi.org/10.54365/adyumbd.1548867

Abstract

Yapı sektörü teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte aynı doğrultuda gelişim sergilemektedir. Bu gelişmeler sayesinde her geçen gün yeni tasarımlar ile tanışmaktayız. Bu tasarımlara FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer yani Lif Takviyeli Plastik) kompozitlerini örnek olarak gösterebiliriz. Korozyona karşı dirençli olması, çekme dayanımının yüksek olması ve kimyasal maddelere karşı direnç göstermesi gibi faydalarından dolayı yapı sektöründe oldukça tercih edilen bir malzeme haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada FRP çubuklar yardımı ile uzunlamasına güçlendirilen 53 adet basit mesnetli derin kirişlerin nihai aşamadaki yük ve orta açıklık sapması hesaplanmıştır (bu analiz literatürde 10 numaralı referansta sunulan makaleden elde edilmiştir). Ek olarak bölüm 7'de, FRP RC derin kirişlerin yük ve sapması için yeni formüller önerilmiş (denklem 39 ve 40) ve bu formüller, sembolik bir regresyon programı olan Eureqa kullanılarak türetilmiştir. Önerilen formüller, mevcut literatürdeki diğer yöntemlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma sonuçlarına göre, önerilen yeni formüllerin gerçek hayattaki uygulanabilirliğinin diğer çalışmalara kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu ve daha doğru sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

FRP Donatı Derin Betonarme Kiriş Yük Sehim

References

  • Abed F, Elchabib H, Alhamaydeh M. Shear characteristics of GFRP-reinforced concrete deep beams without web reinforcement. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 2012;31(13):1063–1073.
  • Dhahir MK. Strut and tie modeling of deep beams shear strengthened with FRP laminates. Composite Structures 2018; 193:247–259.
  • Farghaly AS, Benmokrane B. Shear behavior of FRP-reinforced concrete deep beams without web reinforcement. Journal of Composites for Construction 2013;17(4):04013015–040130210.
  • Baghi H, Barros JA, Kaszubska M, Kotynia R. Shear behavior of concrete beams reinforced exclusively with longitudinal glass fiber reinforced polymer bars: Analytical model. Structural Concrete 2018;19(1):162–173.
  • Ayman M. Composites: Construction materials for the new era. In: Advanced Polymer Composites for Structural Applications in Construction (ACIC), Venice, Italy; 2004. p. 45–58.
  • International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib). Bulletin 40: FRP reinforcement for RC structures. 2007.
  • Yavuz G. Lif takviyeli polimerlerin betonarme kirişlerde donatı olarak kullanımı. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 2011;6(4):1A0212:1001–1015.
  • Numerical analysis of AFRP reinforced concrete columns with replaceable structural fuses as energy dissipaters under cyclic loading. In: Proceedings of the Structures Congress 2018, Fort Worth, TX, USA. doi:10.1061/9780784481332.029.
  • Lu WY, Hwang SJ, Lin IJ. Deflection prediction for reinforced concrete deep beams. Computers and Concrete 2010;7(1):1–16.
  • Thomas J, Ramadass S. Prediction of the load and deflection response of concrete deep beams reinforced with FRP bars. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures 2019. doi:10.1080/15376494.2018.1549292.
  • Nehdi M, Omeman Z, El-Chabib H. Optimal efficiency factor in strut-and-tie model for FRP-reinforced concrete short beams with (1.5 < a/d < 2.5). Materials and Structures 2008; 41:1713–1727.
  • El-Sayed AK, El-Salakawy EF, Benmokrane B. Shear strength of fibre-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete deep beams without web reinforcement. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 2012;39(5):546–555.
  • Farghaly AS, Benmokrane B. Shear behavior of FRP-reinforced concrete deep beams without web reinforcement. Journal of Composites for Construction 2013;5(4):268–275.
  • Andermatt MF, Lubell AS. Behavior of concrete deep beams reinforced with internal fiber-reinforced polymer—Experimental study. ACI Structural Journal 2013;110(4):585–594.
  • Kim D, Lee J, Lee YH. Effectiveness factor of strut-and-tie models for concrete deep beams reinforced with FRP rebars. Composites Part B: Engineering 2014;56:117–125.
  • Mohamed K. Performance and strut efficiency factor of concrete deep beams reinforced with GFRP bars. Ph.D. thesis. Sherbrooke: University of Sherbrooke; 2015.
  • IS 1343. Code of Practice for Prestressed Concrete (1st Revision). New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards; 1980.
  • Dischinger F. Contribution to the theory of the half disc and the wall-like wearer. International Association of Bridge and Structural Engineering 1932;1:69–93.
  • IS 456. Plain and Reinforced Concrete, Code of Practice (4th Revision). New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards; 2000.
  • Hwang SJ, Lee HJ. Strength prediction for discontinuity regions by softened strut-and-tie model. Journal of Structural Engineering 2002;128(12):1519–1526.
  • Hsu TTC. Toward a unified nomenclature for reinforced concrete theory. Journal of Structural Engineering 1996;122(3):275–283. [Also see discussion by Mo YL, Hsu TTC. Journal of Structural Engineering 1997;123(12):1691–1693.]
  • Hwang SJ, Lee HJ. Analytical model for predicting shear strengths of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joint for seismic resistances. ACI Structural Journal 1999;96(5):846–857.
  • Hwang SJ, Lu WY, Lee HJ. Shear strength prediction for deep beams. ACI Structural Journal 2000;97(3):367–376.
  • Hwang SJ, Lu WY, Lee HJ. Shear strength prediction for reinforced concrete corbels. ACI Structural Journal 2000;97(4):543–552.
  • Hwang SJ, Fang WH, Lee HJ, Yu HW. Analytical model for predicting shear strengths of squat walls. Journal of Structural Engineering 2001;127(1):43–50.
  • Zhang LXB, Hsu TTC. Behavior and analysis of 100 MPa concrete membrane elements. Journal of Structural Engineering 1998;124(1):24–34.
  • British Standards Institution. British Standard Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Concrete. P:110, Part-I, 14–16. London: BSI; 1972.
  • Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence on Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures (ISIS). Reinforcing concrete structures with fibre reinforced polymers. ISIS-M03-07; 2007.
  • Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE). Recommendations for design and construction of concrete structures using continuous fibre reinforced materials. Concrete Engineering Series, No. 23. Tokyo: JSCE; 1997.
  • British Institution of Structural Engineers (BISE). Interim guidance on the design of reinforced concrete structures using fibre composite reinforcement. London: BISE; 1999.
  • National Research Council (NRC). Guide for the design and construction of concrete structures reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars. CNR-DT-203-NRC-06. Ottawa: NRC; 2006.
  • Canadian Standards Association. Design and Construction of Building Structures with Fibre-reinforced Polymers (CAN/CSA S806-11). Ontario: CSA; 2011.
  • American Concrete Institute (ACI). Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary (ACI 318-08). Farmington Hills, MI: ACI; 2008.
  • Kumar P. Short-term deflection of deep beams. ACI Journal 1978;75(8):381–383.
  • Benmokrane B, Challal O, Masmoudi R. Flexural response of concrete beams reinforced with FRP reinforcing bar. ACI Structural Journal 1996;93(1):46–55.
  • Yost JR, Gross SP, Dinehart DW. Effective moment of inertia for glass fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete beams. ACI Structural Journal 2003;100(6):732–739.
  • Rafi MM, Nadjai A. Evaluation of ACI 440 deflection model for fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams and suggested modification. ACI Structural Journal 2009;106(6):762–771.
  • Bischoff PH, Gross SP. Equivalent moment of inertia based on integration of curvature. Journal of Composites for Construction 2011;15(3):263–273.
  • Adam MA, Said M, Mahmoud AA, Shanour AS. Analytical and experimental flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer bars. Construction and Building Materials 2015; 84:354–366.
  • ACI Committee 440. Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars (ACI 440.1R-06). Farmington Hills, MI: ACI; 2006.
  • ACI Committee 440. Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars (ACI 440.1R-15). Farmington Hills, MI: ACI; 2015.

Modeling of the Load and Deflection Response of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 25, 1 - 19, 30.04.2025

Merve Ete , Abdulkadir Çevik

https://doi.org/10.54365/adyumbd.1548867

Abstract

Construction sector is developing in the same direction with technological developments. Thanks to these developments, we meet new designs. Examples for these designs are FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) composites can be shown. It has become a preferred material in the construction sector due to its many benefits such as being resistant to corrosion, having high tensile strength and showing resistance to chemicals. In this study, the load and deflection at the midpoint of the span for 53 simple deep beams, reinforced longitudinally with FRP rods, were calculated (this analysis was derived from the research presented in reference number 10 in the literatüre). In section 7, new formulas suggested (equation 39 and 40) for load and deflection of RC deep beams with FRP and those formulas were derived using Eureqa, which is a symbolic regression program. The suggested formulas are compared with other methods in the existing literature. According to the comparison results, it has been determined that the real-life applicability of the suggested new formulas are higher and gives more accurate results compared to other studies.

Keywords

FRP Reinforcement Deep Reinforced Concrete Beam Load Deflection

References

  • Abed F, Elchabib H, Alhamaydeh M. Shear characteristics of GFRP-reinforced concrete deep beams without web reinforcement. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 2012;31(13):1063–1073.
  • Dhahir MK. Strut and tie modeling of deep beams shear strengthened with FRP laminates. Composite Structures 2018; 193:247–259.
  • Farghaly AS, Benmokrane B. Shear behavior of FRP-reinforced concrete deep beams without web reinforcement. Journal of Composites for Construction 2013;17(4):04013015–040130210.
  • Baghi H, Barros JA, Kaszubska M, Kotynia R. Shear behavior of concrete beams reinforced exclusively with longitudinal glass fiber reinforced polymer bars: Analytical model. Structural Concrete 2018;19(1):162–173.
  • Ayman M. Composites: Construction materials for the new era. In: Advanced Polymer Composites for Structural Applications in Construction (ACIC), Venice, Italy; 2004. p. 45–58.
  • International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib). Bulletin 40: FRP reinforcement for RC structures. 2007.
  • Yavuz G. Lif takviyeli polimerlerin betonarme kirişlerde donatı olarak kullanımı. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 2011;6(4):1A0212:1001–1015.
  • Numerical analysis of AFRP reinforced concrete columns with replaceable structural fuses as energy dissipaters under cyclic loading. In: Proceedings of the Structures Congress 2018, Fort Worth, TX, USA. doi:10.1061/9780784481332.029.
  • Lu WY, Hwang SJ, Lin IJ. Deflection prediction for reinforced concrete deep beams. Computers and Concrete 2010;7(1):1–16.
  • Thomas J, Ramadass S. Prediction of the load and deflection response of concrete deep beams reinforced with FRP bars. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures 2019. doi:10.1080/15376494.2018.1549292.
  • Nehdi M, Omeman Z, El-Chabib H. Optimal efficiency factor in strut-and-tie model for FRP-reinforced concrete short beams with (1.5 < a/d < 2.5). Materials and Structures 2008; 41:1713–1727.
  • El-Sayed AK, El-Salakawy EF, Benmokrane B. Shear strength of fibre-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete deep beams without web reinforcement. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 2012;39(5):546–555.
  • Farghaly AS, Benmokrane B. Shear behavior of FRP-reinforced concrete deep beams without web reinforcement. Journal of Composites for Construction 2013;5(4):268–275.
  • Andermatt MF, Lubell AS. Behavior of concrete deep beams reinforced with internal fiber-reinforced polymer—Experimental study. ACI Structural Journal 2013;110(4):585–594.
  • Kim D, Lee J, Lee YH. Effectiveness factor of strut-and-tie models for concrete deep beams reinforced with FRP rebars. Composites Part B: Engineering 2014;56:117–125.
  • Mohamed K. Performance and strut efficiency factor of concrete deep beams reinforced with GFRP bars. Ph.D. thesis. Sherbrooke: University of Sherbrooke; 2015.
  • IS 1343. Code of Practice for Prestressed Concrete (1st Revision). New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards; 1980.
  • Dischinger F. Contribution to the theory of the half disc and the wall-like wearer. International Association of Bridge and Structural Engineering 1932;1:69–93.
  • IS 456. Plain and Reinforced Concrete, Code of Practice (4th Revision). New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards; 2000.
  • Hwang SJ, Lee HJ. Strength prediction for discontinuity regions by softened strut-and-tie model. Journal of Structural Engineering 2002;128(12):1519–1526.
  • Hsu TTC. Toward a unified nomenclature for reinforced concrete theory. Journal of Structural Engineering 1996;122(3):275–283. [Also see discussion by Mo YL, Hsu TTC. Journal of Structural Engineering 1997;123(12):1691–1693.]
  • Hwang SJ, Lee HJ. Analytical model for predicting shear strengths of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joint for seismic resistances. ACI Structural Journal 1999;96(5):846–857.
  • Hwang SJ, Lu WY, Lee HJ. Shear strength prediction for deep beams. ACI Structural Journal 2000;97(3):367–376.
  • Hwang SJ, Lu WY, Lee HJ. Shear strength prediction for reinforced concrete corbels. ACI Structural Journal 2000;97(4):543–552.
  • Hwang SJ, Fang WH, Lee HJ, Yu HW. Analytical model for predicting shear strengths of squat walls. Journal of Structural Engineering 2001;127(1):43–50.
  • Zhang LXB, Hsu TTC. Behavior and analysis of 100 MPa concrete membrane elements. Journal of Structural Engineering 1998;124(1):24–34.
  • British Standards Institution. British Standard Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Concrete. P:110, Part-I, 14–16. London: BSI; 1972.
  • Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence on Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures (ISIS). Reinforcing concrete structures with fibre reinforced polymers. ISIS-M03-07; 2007.
  • Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE). Recommendations for design and construction of concrete structures using continuous fibre reinforced materials. Concrete Engineering Series, No. 23. Tokyo: JSCE; 1997.
  • British Institution of Structural Engineers (BISE). Interim guidance on the design of reinforced concrete structures using fibre composite reinforcement. London: BISE; 1999.
  • National Research Council (NRC). Guide for the design and construction of concrete structures reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars. CNR-DT-203-NRC-06. Ottawa: NRC; 2006.
  • Canadian Standards Association. Design and Construction of Building Structures with Fibre-reinforced Polymers (CAN/CSA S806-11). Ontario: CSA; 2011.
  • American Concrete Institute (ACI). Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary (ACI 318-08). Farmington Hills, MI: ACI; 2008.
  • Kumar P. Short-term deflection of deep beams. ACI Journal 1978;75(8):381–383.
  • Benmokrane B, Challal O, Masmoudi R. Flexural response of concrete beams reinforced with FRP reinforcing bar. ACI Structural Journal 1996;93(1):46–55.
  • Yost JR, Gross SP, Dinehart DW. Effective moment of inertia for glass fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete beams. ACI Structural Journal 2003;100(6):732–739.
  • Rafi MM, Nadjai A. Evaluation of ACI 440 deflection model for fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams and suggested modification. ACI Structural Journal 2009;106(6):762–771.
  • Bischoff PH, Gross SP. Equivalent moment of inertia based on integration of curvature. Journal of Composites for Construction 2011;15(3):263–273.
  • Adam MA, Said M, Mahmoud AA, Shanour AS. Analytical and experimental flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer bars. Construction and Building Materials 2015; 84:354–366.
  • ACI Committee 440. Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars (ACI 440.1R-06). Farmington Hills, MI: ACI; 2006.
  • ACI Committee 440. Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars (ACI 440.1R-15). Farmington Hills, MI: ACI; 2015.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Merve Ete 0009-0009-6083-6882

Abdulkadir Çevik 0000-0002-5253-2952

Early Pub Date April 26, 2025
Publication Date April 30, 2025
Submission Date September 12, 2024
Acceptance Date October 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 25

Cite

APA Ete, M., & Çevik, A. (2025). Modeling of the Load and Deflection Response of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(25), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.54365/adyumbd.1548867
AMA Ete M, Çevik A. Modeling of the Load and Deflection Response of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. April 2025;12(25):1-19. doi:10.54365/adyumbd.1548867
Chicago Ete, Merve, and Abdulkadir Çevik. “Modeling of the Load and Deflection Response of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced With FRP Bars”. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 12, no. 25 (April 2025): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.54365/adyumbd.1548867.
EndNote Ete M, Çevik A (April 1, 2025) Modeling of the Load and Deflection Response of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 12 25 1–19.
IEEE M. Ete and A. Çevik, “Modeling of the Load and Deflection Response of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars”, Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 25, pp. 1–19, 2025, doi: 10.54365/adyumbd.1548867.
ISNAD Ete, Merve - Çevik, Abdulkadir. “Modeling of the Load and Deflection Response of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced With FRP Bars”. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 12/25 (April 2025), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.54365/adyumbd.1548867.
JAMA Ete M, Çevik A. Modeling of the Load and Deflection Response of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;12:1–19.
MLA Ete, Merve and Abdulkadir Çevik. “Modeling of the Load and Deflection Response of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced With FRP Bars”. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 25, 2025, pp. 1-19, doi:10.54365/adyumbd.1548867.
Vancouver Ete M, Çevik A. Modeling of the Load and Deflection Response of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;12(25):1-19.
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