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Tarımsal Uygulamalarda Bitki Büyüme Düzenleyicilerinin (BBD) Kullanımı ve Etki Mekanizmaları

Year 2025, Volume: 56 Issue: 2, 180 - 185, 29.05.2025

Büşra Yirmibeş , Alireza Lachin , Nur Ülger , Elif Karaçam

https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1540336

Abstract

Gelişmiş bir endokrin sistemi olmayan bitkiler, büyümek, gelişmek ve çevresel faktörlere yanıt oluşturmak için vücutlarında doğal olarak ürettikleri büyüme düzenleyicilerini (fitohormon) kullanmaktadırlar. Bitkide meydana gelen fizyolojik süreçlerin birçoğu bir denge içerisinde birbirileriyle sürekli etkileşim halinde olan hormonların kontrolünde gerçekleşmektedir. Bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri büyümeyi teşvik edenler (örn; oksin, giberellin, sitokinin, …) ve büyümeyi baskılayanlar (örn; absisik asit, etilen) olmak üzere iki ana kategoriye ayrılır. Bitki uzaması, dallanma, çimlenme, meyve büyümesi, çiçeklenme, hücre bölünmesi, kök gelişimi ve stres yanıtları gibi süreçlerde etkilidirler. Bu yazı, bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerinin tarımda nasıl kullanıldığını ve fizyolojik süreçlerde nasıl etki gösterdiğini detaylı bir şekilde ele almaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri üzerine yapılan araştırmalar, tarımsal verimlilik ve sürdürülebilirlik açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu düzenleyiciler, bitkilerin daha hızlı ve sağlıklı büyümesini sağlayarak verimi artırır, stres faktörlerine karşı direnci güçlendirir ve ürün kalitesini iyileştirir. Ayrıca, daha kısa yetişme süreleriyle birden fazla hasat imkanı sunar ve kaynak kullanımını optimize eder. Bu sayede, ekonomik kazanç sağlanırken, çevresel etkiler de minimize edilir. Yenilikçi tarım tekniklerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sunan bu araştırmalar, gıda güvenliğini artırarak, dünya nüfusunun artan gıda talebini karşılamada kritik bir rol oynar.

Keywords

Tarım Büyüme engelleyicileri Büyüme uyarıcıları Bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri

References

  • Alexopoulos, A. A., Aivalakis, G., Akoumianakisa, K. A., & Passam, H. C. (2008). Effect of gibberellic acid on the duration of dormancy of potato tubers produced by plants derived from true potato seed. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 49(1), 424-430.
  • Algül, B. E., Tekintaş, F. E., & Dalkılıç, G. G. (2016). The Usage of Plant Growth Regulators and Hormone Biosynthesis Booster Applications. Journal of Adnan Menderes University Agricultural Faculty, 13(2), 87-95.
  • Amoanimaa-Dede, H., Su, C., Yeboah, A., Zhou, H., Zheng, D., & Zhu, H. (2022). Growth regulators promote soybean productivity: a review. PeerJ, 10:e12556.
  • Aslam, M. M., Waseem, M., Jakada, B. H., Okal, E. J., Lei, Z., Saqib, H.S.A., Yuan, W., Xu, W., & Zhang, Q. (2022). Mechanisms of abscisic acid-mediated drought stress responses in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, 1084.
  • Aydoğdu, M., & Boyraz, N. (2005). Plant growth regulators (hormone) and resistance to diseases (A review). Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 1, 35-40.
  • Binici, S., Çelik, C., Yıldırım, F., & Yıldırım, A. (2022). Determination of the effect of harpin protein on nacl salt stress in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seeds. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, 11(2), 141-150.
  • Boyraz, M., Korkmaz, H., & Durmaz, A. (2019). Dormancy and Germination on Seeds. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 2(3), 92-105. Bruinsma, J. (1985). Growth regulators in horticulture. Scientific Horticulture, 36: 1-11.
  • Cheng, H., Zha, S., Luo, Y., Li, L., Wang, S., Wu, S., Cheng, S., & Li, L. (2022). JAZ1‐3 and MYC2‐1 synergistically regulate the transformation from completely mixed flower buds to female flower buds in Castanea mollisima. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, 6452.
  • Çakir, M., Yildirim, A. N., Çelik, C., & Esen, M. (2021). The effect of different plant growth regulators on the quality and biochemical content of jeromine apple cultivar. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 36 (3), 478 – 487.
  • Çatak, E., & Atalay, A. (2020). Plant hormone types and effects on plant growth. Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences. 7(11), 1-6.
  • Çetin, V. (2002). Plant Growth Regulators in Used Fruits and Vegetables. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi-Teknolojisi, 2, 40–50.
  • Didi, D. A., Su, S., Sam, F. E., Tiika, R. J., & Zhang, X. (2022). Effect of plant growth regulators on osmotic regulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme activity of Nitraria tangutorum. Plants, 11, 2559.
  • Feucht, J. R., & Watson, D. P. (1958). The Effect of gibberellins on ınternodal tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris L. American Journal of Botany, 45(7), 520-522.
  • Karakurt, H., Aslantaş, R., & Eşitken, A. (2010). The Environmental Factors and Some Pre-treatments Affecting On Seed Germination and Plant Growth. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 24(2), 115-128.
  • Kaynak, L., & Ersoy, N. (1997). General Proporties and Usage of Plant Growth Regulators. Akd. Üniv. Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 10, 223-236.
  • Kaynak, L., & İmamgiller, B. (1997). Role of the Plant Growth Regulators on Physiological Activities. Akd. Üniv. Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 10, 289-299.
  • Keskin, B. C. (2012). Signaling in Plants. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 5(1), 53–73.
  • Korasick, D. A., Enders, T. A., & Strader, L. C. (2013). Auxin biosynthesis and storage forms. Journal of Experimental Botany, 64(9), 2541–2555.
  • Köksal, İ. (Ed.). (2012). Bahçe bitkileri tarımında büyümeyi düzenleyicilerden yararlanma. Genel bahçe bitkileri 3rd edn., Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları, No: 1579, Ankara.
  • Kumlay, A. M., & Eryiğit, T. (2011). Growth And Development Regulators in Plants: Plant Hormones. Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech., 1(2), 47-56.
  • Liu, J., & Li, X. (2023). Recent advances in application and progress of advanced materials as adsorbents in sample preparation for plant growth regulators. Journal of Separation Science, 46, 2300066.
  • Luo, Y., Yu, Q., Xie, Y., Xu, C., Cheng, L., Shi, Q., Li, Y., Zhang, X., & Shen, Z. (2023). Internode length is correlated with GA3 content and is crucial to the harvesting performance of tea-picking machines. Plants, 12, 2508.
  • Martineau, B., Houck, C. M., Sheehy, R. E., & Hiatt, W. R. (1994). Fruit‐specific expression of the A. tumefaciens isopentenyl transferase gene in tomato: effects on fruit ripening and defense‐related gene expression in leaves. The Plant Journal, 5(1), 11–19.
  • Mundiyara, R., Sodani, R., & Bhati, S. S. (2020). Role of plant growth regulators in crop production. Agriculture and Food, 2(6), 822–825.
  • Rademacher, W. (2015). Plant growth regulators: backgrounds and uses in plant production. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 34(4), 845–872.
  • Sabagh, A. E., Mbarki, S., Hossain, A., Iqbal, M. A., Islam, M. S., Raza, A., Llanes, A., Reginato, M., Rahman, M. A., Mahboob, W., Singhal, R. K., Kumari, A., Rajendran, K., Wasaya, A., Javed, T., Shabbir, R., Rahim, J., Barutçular, C., Rahman, M. H. U., Raza, M. A., Ratnasekera, D., Konuskan, O., Hossain, M. A., Meena, V. S., Ahmed, S., Ahmad, Z., Mubeen, M., Singh, K., Skalicky, M., Brestic, M., Sytar, O., Karademir, E., Karademir, C., Erman, M., & Farooq, M. (2021). Potential role of plant growth regulators in administering crucial processes against abiotic stresses. Front. Agron. 3, 648694.
  • Sakikabara, H., Takei, K., & Hirose, N. (2006). Interactions between nitrogen and cytokinin in the regulation of metabolism and development. TRENDS in Plant Science, 11(9), 440-448.
  • Sezgin, M., & Kahya, M. (2018). Phytohormones. Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology, 8(1), 35–39.
  • Srivastava, A., & Handa, A. K. (2005). Hormonal regulation of tomato fruit development: A molecular perspective. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 24(2), 67–82.
  • Tipu, M. M. H. & Sherif, S. M. (2024). Ethylene and its crosstalk with hormonal pathways in fruit ripening: mechanisms, modulation, and commercial exploitation. Front Plant Sci, 15:1475496.
  • Zhao, H., Liu, X., Sun, Y., Liu, J., & Waigi, M. G. (2023). Effects and mechanisms of plant growth regulators on horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes through plasmid-mediated conjugation. Chemosphere, 318, 137997.

The Utilization of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) in Agricultural Application and The Effecting Mechanisms

Year 2025, Volume: 56 Issue: 2, 180 - 185, 29.05.2025

Büşra Yirmibeş , Alireza Lachin , Nur Ülger , Elif Karaçam

https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1540336

Abstract

Plants, which lack a sophisticated endocrine system, utilize growth regulators (phytohormones) naturally produced within their bodies to grow, develop, and respond to environmental factors. Many physiological processes in plants occur under the control of hormones that are continuously interacting with each other in a balance. Plant growth regulators are classified into two main categories: growth simulators (e.g auxin, gibberellic acid, cytokinin.) and growth inhibitors (e.g. absisic acid ethylene). They play a role in various processes such as plant elongation, branching, germination, fruit growth, flowering, cell division, root development, and stress responses. This article provides a detailed examination of how plant growth regulators are used in agriculture and their effects on physiological processes. Research on these regulators is of great importance for agricultural productivity and sustainability. They enhance plant growth, improve stress resistance, leading to higher yields and increase product quality. Additionally, they offer opportunities for multiple harvests with shorter growth periods and optimize resource use. Thus, while the economic benefits are provided, environmental impacts are also minimized. Such research contributes to the development of innovative agricultural techniques, playing a critical role for increasing global food demand, ensuring food security.

Keywords

Keywords: Agriculture Growth inhibitors Growth simulators Plant growth regulators

References

  • Alexopoulos, A. A., Aivalakis, G., Akoumianakisa, K. A., & Passam, H. C. (2008). Effect of gibberellic acid on the duration of dormancy of potato tubers produced by plants derived from true potato seed. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 49(1), 424-430.
  • Algül, B. E., Tekintaş, F. E., & Dalkılıç, G. G. (2016). The Usage of Plant Growth Regulators and Hormone Biosynthesis Booster Applications. Journal of Adnan Menderes University Agricultural Faculty, 13(2), 87-95.
  • Amoanimaa-Dede, H., Su, C., Yeboah, A., Zhou, H., Zheng, D., & Zhu, H. (2022). Growth regulators promote soybean productivity: a review. PeerJ, 10:e12556.
  • Aslam, M. M., Waseem, M., Jakada, B. H., Okal, E. J., Lei, Z., Saqib, H.S.A., Yuan, W., Xu, W., & Zhang, Q. (2022). Mechanisms of abscisic acid-mediated drought stress responses in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, 1084.
  • Aydoğdu, M., & Boyraz, N. (2005). Plant growth regulators (hormone) and resistance to diseases (A review). Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 1, 35-40.
  • Binici, S., Çelik, C., Yıldırım, F., & Yıldırım, A. (2022). Determination of the effect of harpin protein on nacl salt stress in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seeds. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, 11(2), 141-150.
  • Boyraz, M., Korkmaz, H., & Durmaz, A. (2019). Dormancy and Germination on Seeds. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 2(3), 92-105. Bruinsma, J. (1985). Growth regulators in horticulture. Scientific Horticulture, 36: 1-11.
  • Cheng, H., Zha, S., Luo, Y., Li, L., Wang, S., Wu, S., Cheng, S., & Li, L. (2022). JAZ1‐3 and MYC2‐1 synergistically regulate the transformation from completely mixed flower buds to female flower buds in Castanea mollisima. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, 6452.
  • Çakir, M., Yildirim, A. N., Çelik, C., & Esen, M. (2021). The effect of different plant growth regulators on the quality and biochemical content of jeromine apple cultivar. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 36 (3), 478 – 487.
  • Çatak, E., & Atalay, A. (2020). Plant hormone types and effects on plant growth. Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences. 7(11), 1-6.
  • Çetin, V. (2002). Plant Growth Regulators in Used Fruits and Vegetables. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi-Teknolojisi, 2, 40–50.
  • Didi, D. A., Su, S., Sam, F. E., Tiika, R. J., & Zhang, X. (2022). Effect of plant growth regulators on osmotic regulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme activity of Nitraria tangutorum. Plants, 11, 2559.
  • Feucht, J. R., & Watson, D. P. (1958). The Effect of gibberellins on ınternodal tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris L. American Journal of Botany, 45(7), 520-522.
  • Karakurt, H., Aslantaş, R., & Eşitken, A. (2010). The Environmental Factors and Some Pre-treatments Affecting On Seed Germination and Plant Growth. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 24(2), 115-128.
  • Kaynak, L., & Ersoy, N. (1997). General Proporties and Usage of Plant Growth Regulators. Akd. Üniv. Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 10, 223-236.
  • Kaynak, L., & İmamgiller, B. (1997). Role of the Plant Growth Regulators on Physiological Activities. Akd. Üniv. Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 10, 289-299.
  • Keskin, B. C. (2012). Signaling in Plants. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 5(1), 53–73.
  • Korasick, D. A., Enders, T. A., & Strader, L. C. (2013). Auxin biosynthesis and storage forms. Journal of Experimental Botany, 64(9), 2541–2555.
  • Köksal, İ. (Ed.). (2012). Bahçe bitkileri tarımında büyümeyi düzenleyicilerden yararlanma. Genel bahçe bitkileri 3rd edn., Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları, No: 1579, Ankara.
  • Kumlay, A. M., & Eryiğit, T. (2011). Growth And Development Regulators in Plants: Plant Hormones. Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech., 1(2), 47-56.
  • Liu, J., & Li, X. (2023). Recent advances in application and progress of advanced materials as adsorbents in sample preparation for plant growth regulators. Journal of Separation Science, 46, 2300066.
  • Luo, Y., Yu, Q., Xie, Y., Xu, C., Cheng, L., Shi, Q., Li, Y., Zhang, X., & Shen, Z. (2023). Internode length is correlated with GA3 content and is crucial to the harvesting performance of tea-picking machines. Plants, 12, 2508.
  • Martineau, B., Houck, C. M., Sheehy, R. E., & Hiatt, W. R. (1994). Fruit‐specific expression of the A. tumefaciens isopentenyl transferase gene in tomato: effects on fruit ripening and defense‐related gene expression in leaves. The Plant Journal, 5(1), 11–19.
  • Mundiyara, R., Sodani, R., & Bhati, S. S. (2020). Role of plant growth regulators in crop production. Agriculture and Food, 2(6), 822–825.
  • Rademacher, W. (2015). Plant growth regulators: backgrounds and uses in plant production. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 34(4), 845–872.
  • Sabagh, A. E., Mbarki, S., Hossain, A., Iqbal, M. A., Islam, M. S., Raza, A., Llanes, A., Reginato, M., Rahman, M. A., Mahboob, W., Singhal, R. K., Kumari, A., Rajendran, K., Wasaya, A., Javed, T., Shabbir, R., Rahim, J., Barutçular, C., Rahman, M. H. U., Raza, M. A., Ratnasekera, D., Konuskan, O., Hossain, M. A., Meena, V. S., Ahmed, S., Ahmad, Z., Mubeen, M., Singh, K., Skalicky, M., Brestic, M., Sytar, O., Karademir, E., Karademir, C., Erman, M., & Farooq, M. (2021). Potential role of plant growth regulators in administering crucial processes against abiotic stresses. Front. Agron. 3, 648694.
  • Sakikabara, H., Takei, K., & Hirose, N. (2006). Interactions between nitrogen and cytokinin in the regulation of metabolism and development. TRENDS in Plant Science, 11(9), 440-448.
  • Sezgin, M., & Kahya, M. (2018). Phytohormones. Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology, 8(1), 35–39.
  • Srivastava, A., & Handa, A. K. (2005). Hormonal regulation of tomato fruit development: A molecular perspective. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 24(2), 67–82.
  • Tipu, M. M. H. & Sherif, S. M. (2024). Ethylene and its crosstalk with hormonal pathways in fruit ripening: mechanisms, modulation, and commercial exploitation. Front Plant Sci, 15:1475496.
  • Zhao, H., Liu, X., Sun, Y., Liu, J., & Waigi, M. G. (2023). Effects and mechanisms of plant growth regulators on horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes through plasmid-mediated conjugation. Chemosphere, 318, 137997.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Büşra Yirmibeş 0000-0003-4972-7705

Alireza Lachin 0000-0003-0917-7091

Nur Ülger 0000-0003-3222-8037

Elif Karaçam 0009-0005-6549-8588

Early Pub Date May 28, 2025
Publication Date May 29, 2025
Submission Date September 1, 2024
Acceptance Date March 6, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 56 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yirmibeş, B., Lachin, A., Ülger, N., Karaçam, E. (2025). The Utilization of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) in Agricultural Application and The Effecting Mechanisms. Research in Agricultural Sciences, 56(2), 180-185. https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1540336
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