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Use of Neem tree and Neemazol in agriculture

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 30.06.2025

Abstract

Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a member of the Meliaceae family, also known as the Neem family. It is known as the Rosary Tree in our country. India and Myanmar (Burma) are the homeland of the tropical climate plant Azadirachta indica. It is a very fast growing tree. Neem can be produced in many countries due to its resistance to high temperatures and drought. Neem extracts give very good results in the fight against diseases and pests in agricultural areas. Since the structure of neem components is of plant origin, these components do not harm human health or the environment. The most important component of Neem is Azadirachtin. Azadirachta indica has been used as a known natural source of insecticides in the field of entomology for 30 years. Azadirachtin effective compounds; It is used in ways such as repelling insects, preventing them from feeding, sterilizing them, preventing them from laying eggs, and preventing their development and growth. In addition, its low level of harm to non-target organisms, no side effects, minimum level of permanence in nature, minimum level of toxicity against natural enemies and minimum development of the resistance mechanism in pests make it the most preferred plant-based insecticide.

References

  • Amadioha, A. C., & Uchendu, P. N. (2003). Post-harvest control of tomato fruit rot caused by Fusarium solani withextracts of Azadirachta indica. Discov. Innov., 15 (1/2): 83- 86.
  • Anonim, (2022a). VerimGrup, NeemAzal®–T/S Organik Böcek ve Kırmızı Örümcek İlacı. https://www.vit-verim.com/tr/natsss_tr.php. Erişim tarihi: 24.04.2022.
  • Anonim, (2022b). Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Bitki Koruma Ürünleri Veri Tabanı https://bku.tarimorman.gov.tr/ Erişim Tarihi: 30.07.2022.
  • Anjali, C. H., Sharma, Y., Mukherjee, A., & Chandrasekaran, N. (2012). Neem oil (Az (achta indica) nanoemulsion-a potent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus. Pest Manag Sci., 68:158–163.
  • Ascher, K. R. S. (1993). Non-conventional insecticidal effects of pesticides available from the Neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 22: 433–449.
  • Awad, T. I., Onder, F. & Kısmalı, Ş. (1998). Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) Ağacından Elde Edilen Doğal Pestisitler Üzerinde Bir İnceleme. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 22(3): 225-240.
  • Benelli, G. (2015). Research in mosquito control: current challenges for abrighter future. Parasitol Res., 114:2801–2805
  • Benelli, G., Canale, A., Toniolo, C., Higuchi, A., Murugan, K., Pavela, R., & Nicoletti, M. (2017). Neem (Azadirachta indica): towards the ideal insecticide?, Natural Product Research, 31:4, 369-386, Doi: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1214834.
  • Durmuşoğlu, E., Hatipoğlu, A., & Balcı, H. (2011). Bazı bitkisel kökenli insektisitlerin laboratuvar koşullarında Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvalarına etkileri. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 35 (4): 651-663. Gupta, S. C., Prasad, S., Tyagi, A. K., Kunnumakkara, A. B. & Aggarwal, B. B. (2017). Neem (Azadirachta indica): an indian traditional panacea with modern molecular basis. Phytomedicine, 34, 14–20.
  • Howatt, K. (1994). Azadirachta indica: One tree’s Arsenal against pests. www.colostate.edu/ Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers/howatt.html
  • Isman, M. B. (1997). Bıoınsectıcıdes. Neem Insecticides. Pesticide Outlook, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. October. 32-39.
  • Jacobson, M. (1989). Pharmacology and toxicology of neem. In M. Jacobson, Focus on phytochemical pesticides Vol. l: the neem tree.CRC, Boca Raton, FL pp. 133-153-178
  • Karakaş, M. (2018). Önemli bazı bitkisel insektisitler. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 11 (2): 32-37.
  • Karnavar, M., (1987). Influence of azadirachtin on insect nutrition and reproduction. Proceedings Indian Academic Science 96, 341- 347
  • Kısmalı, Ş. N., Madanlar, N. (1988). Azadirachta indica; böceklere etkileri üzerinde bir inceleme. Türk.Entomoloji Dergisi, 12 (4), 239-249.
  • Koul, O., Murray, I. B., Isman, B., & Ketkar, C. M. (1990). Properties and uses of neem Azadirachta indica. Canadian Journal of Botany, 68 (1): 1-11.
  • Kumar, V.S., & Navaratnam, V. (2013). Neem (Azadirachta indica): prehistory to contemporary medicinal uses to humankind. Asian Pacif J Trop Biomed., 3:505–514.
  • Kumar, D., Rahal, A. & Malik, J. K. (2016). Neem extract: nutraceuticals efficcy, safety and toxicity. Academic Press. 585–597, London
  • Leatemia, J. A. & Isman, M. B. (2004). Insecticidal activity of crude seed extracts of Annona spp., Lansium domesticum and Sandoricum koetjape against lepidopteran larvae. Phytoparasitica, 32 (1): 30-37.
  • Lowery, J. F. & Isman, M. B. (1993). Lab and field evaluation of neem for the control of aphids. J. Econ. EnÍomol. 86(3): 864-870.
  • Madanlar, N., Yoldaş, Z., Durmuşoğlu, E., & Gül, A., (2002). İzmir’de sebze seralarından zararlılara karşı doğal pestisitlerle savaş olanakları. Türk. Entomol. Derg., 26(3), 181-195.
  • Mondali, N. K., Mojumdar, A., Chatterje, S. K., Banerjee, A., Datta, J. K., & Gupta, S. (2009). Antifungal activities and chemical characterization of neem leaf extracts on the growth of some selected fungal species in vitro culture medium. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage., 13 (1): 49-53.
  • Mordue (Luntz), A. J., Blackwell, A. (1993). Azadirachtin: an Update. Journal of insect physiology, 39, 903-924. Morıarty, F. (1969). The Sublethal Effects of Synthetic Insecticides on Insects. Biol. Rev., 44: 321-357
  • Moslem, M. A., & El-Kholie, E. M. (2009). Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seeds and leaves extracts on some plant pathogenic fungi. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 12 (14): 1045-1048.
  • Mulla, M. S, & Su, T. (1999). Activity and biological effects of neem products against arthropods of medical and veterinary importance. J Am Mosq Control Assoc., 15:133–152
  • Murugan, K, Babu, R., Jeyaabalan, D., Kumar, N.S., & Sivaramakrisham, S. (1996). Antipupal effect of nem oil and neem seed kernel extract against mosquito larvae of Anopheles stephensi(Liston). J Entomol Res., 20:137–139
  • Nicoletti, M., Mariani, S., Maccioni, O., Coccioletti, T., & Murugan, K. (2012). Neem cake: chemical composition and larvicidal activity on Asian tiger mosquito. Parasitol Res., 111:205– 213.
  • Nicoletti, M., Murugan, K., Canale, A., & Benelli, G. (2016). Neemborne molecules as eco-friendly control tools against mosquito vectors of economic importance. Curr Org Chem. Doi:10.2174/1385272820666160218233923.
  • Norten, E. (1999). Neem: India's miraculous healing plan. Healing Arts Press. Vermont, 14-33. Ogbuewu P., V.U. Odoemenam, H.O. Obikaonu, M.N. Opara, O.O. Emenalom, M.C. Uchegbu, I.C. Okol, B.O. Esonu & M.U. Iloeje 2011. The growing ımportance of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) in agriculture, ındustry, medicine and environment: A review. Research Journal of Medicinasl Plant, 5 (3): 230-245.
  • Nwachukwu, E. O., & Umechuruba, C. I. (2001). Antifungal activities of some leaf extracts on seed-borne fungi of african yam bean seeds, seed germination and seedling emergence. J.Appl. Sci., Environ.Mgt.5(1):29-32.
  • Ogbuewu, P., Odoemenam, V. U., Obikaonu, H.O., Opara, M.N., Emenalom, O.O., Uchegbu, M.C., Okol, I.C., Esonu, B.O., & Iloeje, M. U. (2011). The growing ımportance of neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) in agriculture, ındustry, medicine and environment: A review. Research Journal of Medicinasl Plant, 5 (3): 230-245.
  • Özger, Ş., Pohl, D., & Karaca, İ. (2013). Neem ekstraktların biyoinsektisit olarak kullanımı. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, 2013, 4 (2): 165-178 ISSN 2146-0035.
  • Peschiutta, M. L., Brito, V. D, Achimón, F., Dambolena, J. S., Zygadlo, J. A. & Ordano, M. A. (2018). Botanical Compounds to Combat Vineyards Mealybugs: An Ideal Alternative for Organic Vitiviniculture. Research&Reviews:Journal of Botanical Sciences 7(3). https://www.researchgate. net/publication/331651666.
  • Ruskin, F. R. (1992). Neem: A tree for solving global problems. National Academy Press. Washington, 31-39.
  • Saxena, R. C. (2017). Neem for sustainable pest management and environmental conservation. From: ECHOAsiaNotes (/en/resources/d0eaf359¬b4a4¬43a1¬8 01b¬ab1320c1ba76)AsiaNote
  • Schmutterer, H. (1995). The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes. VCH Weinheim Germany, 1–696.
  • Singh, U. P., & Prithviraj, B. (1997). Neemazal, a product of neem (Azadirachta indica), induces resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) against Erysiphe pisi. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 51 (3): 181-194.
  • Stoney, C. (1997), ‘Fact sheet on Azadirachta indica (neem)—a versatile tree for the tropics and subtropics’, publication of ‘Forest, Farm, and Community Tree Network’ (FACT Net), Arkansas, United States, www.winrock.org/forestry/factnet.htm Thacker, J. R. M. (2002). An Introduction to Arthropod Pest Control. Cambridge University Presskıs
  • Tiwari, R., Verma, A. K, Chakraborty, S., Dhama, K., & Singh S. V. (2014). Neem (Azadirachta indica) and its Potential for Safeguarding Health of Animals and Humans: A Review. Journal of Biological Sciences, 14:110-123. Doi: 10.3923/jbs.2014.110.123.
  • Ujvary, I. (2001). Pest Control Agents from Natural Products. In handbook of pesticide toxicology, 23rd (Editör: R. I. Krieger) Academic Press. San Diego, 109-179.
  • Whalon, M. E., Mota-Sanchez, D., & Hollingworth, R. M. (2008). Analysis of Global Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods (Eds: M.E. Whalon, D. Mota-Sanchez & R.M. Hollingworth, Global pesticide resistance in arthropods). MRM Graphics Ltd, Winslow, UK. 5-32
  • Unsal, S., & Gorer, N. (2018). Effects of Triflumuron on larval integument of sixth instar Galleria mellonella (L) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae). Fresen Environ Bull., 27:5A, 3823- 3831
  • Ünsal, S., & Güner, E. (2016). The Effects of Biopesticide Azadirachtin on the Fifth Instar Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) Larval Integument. International Journal of Crop Science and Technology, 2(2): 60-68.
  • Ünsal, S., (2019). Turkish Journal of Agriculture -Food Science and Technology, 7(9): 1415-1423, 201
  • Veitch, G. E., Pinto, A., Boyer, A., Beckmann, E., Anderson, J. C. & Ley, S.V. (2008). Synthesis of natural products from the Indian neem tree Azadirachta indica. Organıc Letters, 10 (4): 569-572.
  • Yavuz, B. (2010). Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının fitopatojen funguslara karşı antifungal etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi.

Neem ağacı ve Neemazolun tarımda kullanımı

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 30.06.2025

Abstract

Neem Ağacı (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Tespihgiller ailesi olarak bilinen Meliaceae familyasının bir üyesidir. Ülkemizde Tespih Ağacı olarak bilinir. Hindistan ve Myanmar (Burma) tropikal iklim bitkisi olan Azadirachta indica’ nın anavatanıdır. Çok hızlı büyüyen bir ağaçtır. Neem yüksek sıcaklıklara ve kuraklığa dayanıklı yapısı nedeniyle birçok ülkede üretimi yapılabilmektedir. Neem ekstraktları tarım alanlarında hastalık ve zararlılara karşı mücadelede çok iyi sonuçlar verir. Neem bileşenlerinin yapısı bitkisel kökenli olduğundan bu bileşenlerin insan sağlığına ve çevreye zararları yoktur. Neem’ in en önemli bileşeni Azadirachtin’ dir. Azadirachta indica entomoloji alanında 30 yıldır bilinen doğal bir insektisit kaynağı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Azadirachtin etkili bileşikler; böcekleri uzaklaştırıcı, beslenmelerini engelleyici, kısırlaştırıcı, yumurta bırakmayı engelleyici, gelişme ve büyümelerini önleyici gibi şekillerde kullanılmaktadır. Bunların yanında hedef olmayan canlılara karşı zarar seviyesinin düşük olması, yan etkisinin olmaması, doğada kalıcılığının minimum düzeyde olması, doğal düşmanlara karşı toksisitesinin minimum düzeyde olması ve zararlılarda dayanıklılık mekanizmasının minimum geliştirmesi en çok tercih edilen bitkisel kökenli insektisit olmasını sağlamaktadır.

References

  • Amadioha, A. C., & Uchendu, P. N. (2003). Post-harvest control of tomato fruit rot caused by Fusarium solani withextracts of Azadirachta indica. Discov. Innov., 15 (1/2): 83- 86.
  • Anonim, (2022a). VerimGrup, NeemAzal®–T/S Organik Böcek ve Kırmızı Örümcek İlacı. https://www.vit-verim.com/tr/natsss_tr.php. Erişim tarihi: 24.04.2022.
  • Anonim, (2022b). Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Bitki Koruma Ürünleri Veri Tabanı https://bku.tarimorman.gov.tr/ Erişim Tarihi: 30.07.2022.
  • Anjali, C. H., Sharma, Y., Mukherjee, A., & Chandrasekaran, N. (2012). Neem oil (Az (achta indica) nanoemulsion-a potent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus. Pest Manag Sci., 68:158–163.
  • Ascher, K. R. S. (1993). Non-conventional insecticidal effects of pesticides available from the Neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 22: 433–449.
  • Awad, T. I., Onder, F. & Kısmalı, Ş. (1998). Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) Ağacından Elde Edilen Doğal Pestisitler Üzerinde Bir İnceleme. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 22(3): 225-240.
  • Benelli, G. (2015). Research in mosquito control: current challenges for abrighter future. Parasitol Res., 114:2801–2805
  • Benelli, G., Canale, A., Toniolo, C., Higuchi, A., Murugan, K., Pavela, R., & Nicoletti, M. (2017). Neem (Azadirachta indica): towards the ideal insecticide?, Natural Product Research, 31:4, 369-386, Doi: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1214834.
  • Durmuşoğlu, E., Hatipoğlu, A., & Balcı, H. (2011). Bazı bitkisel kökenli insektisitlerin laboratuvar koşullarında Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvalarına etkileri. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 35 (4): 651-663. Gupta, S. C., Prasad, S., Tyagi, A. K., Kunnumakkara, A. B. & Aggarwal, B. B. (2017). Neem (Azadirachta indica): an indian traditional panacea with modern molecular basis. Phytomedicine, 34, 14–20.
  • Howatt, K. (1994). Azadirachta indica: One tree’s Arsenal against pests. www.colostate.edu/ Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers/howatt.html
  • Isman, M. B. (1997). Bıoınsectıcıdes. Neem Insecticides. Pesticide Outlook, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. October. 32-39.
  • Jacobson, M. (1989). Pharmacology and toxicology of neem. In M. Jacobson, Focus on phytochemical pesticides Vol. l: the neem tree.CRC, Boca Raton, FL pp. 133-153-178
  • Karakaş, M. (2018). Önemli bazı bitkisel insektisitler. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 11 (2): 32-37.
  • Karnavar, M., (1987). Influence of azadirachtin on insect nutrition and reproduction. Proceedings Indian Academic Science 96, 341- 347
  • Kısmalı, Ş. N., Madanlar, N. (1988). Azadirachta indica; böceklere etkileri üzerinde bir inceleme. Türk.Entomoloji Dergisi, 12 (4), 239-249.
  • Koul, O., Murray, I. B., Isman, B., & Ketkar, C. M. (1990). Properties and uses of neem Azadirachta indica. Canadian Journal of Botany, 68 (1): 1-11.
  • Kumar, V.S., & Navaratnam, V. (2013). Neem (Azadirachta indica): prehistory to contemporary medicinal uses to humankind. Asian Pacif J Trop Biomed., 3:505–514.
  • Kumar, D., Rahal, A. & Malik, J. K. (2016). Neem extract: nutraceuticals efficcy, safety and toxicity. Academic Press. 585–597, London
  • Leatemia, J. A. & Isman, M. B. (2004). Insecticidal activity of crude seed extracts of Annona spp., Lansium domesticum and Sandoricum koetjape against lepidopteran larvae. Phytoparasitica, 32 (1): 30-37.
  • Lowery, J. F. & Isman, M. B. (1993). Lab and field evaluation of neem for the control of aphids. J. Econ. EnÍomol. 86(3): 864-870.
  • Madanlar, N., Yoldaş, Z., Durmuşoğlu, E., & Gül, A., (2002). İzmir’de sebze seralarından zararlılara karşı doğal pestisitlerle savaş olanakları. Türk. Entomol. Derg., 26(3), 181-195.
  • Mondali, N. K., Mojumdar, A., Chatterje, S. K., Banerjee, A., Datta, J. K., & Gupta, S. (2009). Antifungal activities and chemical characterization of neem leaf extracts on the growth of some selected fungal species in vitro culture medium. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage., 13 (1): 49-53.
  • Mordue (Luntz), A. J., Blackwell, A. (1993). Azadirachtin: an Update. Journal of insect physiology, 39, 903-924. Morıarty, F. (1969). The Sublethal Effects of Synthetic Insecticides on Insects. Biol. Rev., 44: 321-357
  • Moslem, M. A., & El-Kholie, E. M. (2009). Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seeds and leaves extracts on some plant pathogenic fungi. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 12 (14): 1045-1048.
  • Mulla, M. S, & Su, T. (1999). Activity and biological effects of neem products against arthropods of medical and veterinary importance. J Am Mosq Control Assoc., 15:133–152
  • Murugan, K, Babu, R., Jeyaabalan, D., Kumar, N.S., & Sivaramakrisham, S. (1996). Antipupal effect of nem oil and neem seed kernel extract against mosquito larvae of Anopheles stephensi(Liston). J Entomol Res., 20:137–139
  • Nicoletti, M., Mariani, S., Maccioni, O., Coccioletti, T., & Murugan, K. (2012). Neem cake: chemical composition and larvicidal activity on Asian tiger mosquito. Parasitol Res., 111:205– 213.
  • Nicoletti, M., Murugan, K., Canale, A., & Benelli, G. (2016). Neemborne molecules as eco-friendly control tools against mosquito vectors of economic importance. Curr Org Chem. Doi:10.2174/1385272820666160218233923.
  • Norten, E. (1999). Neem: India's miraculous healing plan. Healing Arts Press. Vermont, 14-33. Ogbuewu P., V.U. Odoemenam, H.O. Obikaonu, M.N. Opara, O.O. Emenalom, M.C. Uchegbu, I.C. Okol, B.O. Esonu & M.U. Iloeje 2011. The growing ımportance of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) in agriculture, ındustry, medicine and environment: A review. Research Journal of Medicinasl Plant, 5 (3): 230-245.
  • Nwachukwu, E. O., & Umechuruba, C. I. (2001). Antifungal activities of some leaf extracts on seed-borne fungi of african yam bean seeds, seed germination and seedling emergence. J.Appl. Sci., Environ.Mgt.5(1):29-32.
  • Ogbuewu, P., Odoemenam, V. U., Obikaonu, H.O., Opara, M.N., Emenalom, O.O., Uchegbu, M.C., Okol, I.C., Esonu, B.O., & Iloeje, M. U. (2011). The growing ımportance of neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) in agriculture, ındustry, medicine and environment: A review. Research Journal of Medicinasl Plant, 5 (3): 230-245.
  • Özger, Ş., Pohl, D., & Karaca, İ. (2013). Neem ekstraktların biyoinsektisit olarak kullanımı. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, 2013, 4 (2): 165-178 ISSN 2146-0035.
  • Peschiutta, M. L., Brito, V. D, Achimón, F., Dambolena, J. S., Zygadlo, J. A. & Ordano, M. A. (2018). Botanical Compounds to Combat Vineyards Mealybugs: An Ideal Alternative for Organic Vitiviniculture. Research&Reviews:Journal of Botanical Sciences 7(3). https://www.researchgate. net/publication/331651666.
  • Ruskin, F. R. (1992). Neem: A tree for solving global problems. National Academy Press. Washington, 31-39.
  • Saxena, R. C. (2017). Neem for sustainable pest management and environmental conservation. From: ECHOAsiaNotes (/en/resources/d0eaf359¬b4a4¬43a1¬8 01b¬ab1320c1ba76)AsiaNote
  • Schmutterer, H. (1995). The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes. VCH Weinheim Germany, 1–696.
  • Singh, U. P., & Prithviraj, B. (1997). Neemazal, a product of neem (Azadirachta indica), induces resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) against Erysiphe pisi. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 51 (3): 181-194.
  • Stoney, C. (1997), ‘Fact sheet on Azadirachta indica (neem)—a versatile tree for the tropics and subtropics’, publication of ‘Forest, Farm, and Community Tree Network’ (FACT Net), Arkansas, United States, www.winrock.org/forestry/factnet.htm Thacker, J. R. M. (2002). An Introduction to Arthropod Pest Control. Cambridge University Presskıs
  • Tiwari, R., Verma, A. K, Chakraborty, S., Dhama, K., & Singh S. V. (2014). Neem (Azadirachta indica) and its Potential for Safeguarding Health of Animals and Humans: A Review. Journal of Biological Sciences, 14:110-123. Doi: 10.3923/jbs.2014.110.123.
  • Ujvary, I. (2001). Pest Control Agents from Natural Products. In handbook of pesticide toxicology, 23rd (Editör: R. I. Krieger) Academic Press. San Diego, 109-179.
  • Whalon, M. E., Mota-Sanchez, D., & Hollingworth, R. M. (2008). Analysis of Global Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods (Eds: M.E. Whalon, D. Mota-Sanchez & R.M. Hollingworth, Global pesticide resistance in arthropods). MRM Graphics Ltd, Winslow, UK. 5-32
  • Unsal, S., & Gorer, N. (2018). Effects of Triflumuron on larval integument of sixth instar Galleria mellonella (L) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae). Fresen Environ Bull., 27:5A, 3823- 3831
  • Ünsal, S., & Güner, E. (2016). The Effects of Biopesticide Azadirachtin on the Fifth Instar Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) Larval Integument. International Journal of Crop Science and Technology, 2(2): 60-68.
  • Ünsal, S., (2019). Turkish Journal of Agriculture -Food Science and Technology, 7(9): 1415-1423, 201
  • Veitch, G. E., Pinto, A., Boyer, A., Beckmann, E., Anderson, J. C. & Ley, S.V. (2008). Synthesis of natural products from the Indian neem tree Azadirachta indica. Organıc Letters, 10 (4): 569-572.
  • Yavuz, B. (2010). Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının fitopatojen funguslara karşı antifungal etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Pomology and Treatment
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

İrfan Pekedis 0009-0005-4951-6088

Pınar Pekedis 0009-0004-6409-9393

Koray Özrenk 0000-0002-6692-2337

Early Pub Date June 30, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date October 20, 2024
Acceptance Date December 2, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Pekedis, İ., Pekedis, P., & Özrenk, K. (2025). Neem ağacı ve Neemazolun tarımda kullanımı. AgriTR Science, 7(1), 1-12.