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The Impact of NASA Procurement on the Space Economy: An Empirical Analysis on US States

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 325 - 344, 18.04.2025

Mehmet Fırat Olgun , Yüksel Bayraktar

https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1522444

Abstract

NASA, which provides both direct and indirect economic impacts on the U.S. space economy, generated 71.2 billion dollars revenue and approximately 340.000 employment opportunities in 2021. Through procurement expenditures amounting to 21.2 billion dollars in 2021, manufacturers and their associated subcontractors across the country were supported. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of NASA's procurement expenditures on the U.S. space economy. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 51 states using data from 2021. Space employment, space tax revenues, gross domestic product and NASA procurement expenditures variables, which are thought to have an impact on space added value, were included in the model. Quantile Regression method was used in model estimation. Estimation results show that all variables are statistically significant and have a positive impact on US space added value. It was observed that the most effective variable on space added value was NASA procurement expenditures. The findings indicate that NASA creates a significant multiplier effect for the US space industry.

Keywords

Space Economy NASA Procurement Quantile Regression Space Employment Commercial Space

References

  • Asongu, S. A. (2014). The Impact of Health Worker Migration on Development Dynamics: Evidence of Wealth Effects From Africa. The European Journal of Health Economics, 15, 187-201.
  • Asongu, S. A. (2018). Conditional Determinants of Mobile Phones Penetration and Mobile Banking in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 9(1), 81-135.
  • Billger, S. M. ve Goel, R. K. (2009). Do Existing Corruption Levels Matter in Controlling Corruption?: Cross-Country Quantile Regression Estimates. Journal of Development Economics, 90(2), 299-305.
  • Center for Space Policy (CSP) Associates. (1985). Commercial Space Industry in the Year 2000: A Market Forecast. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Center for Space Policy (CSP), Inc.
  • Chapman, R. L., Lohman, L. C. ve Chapman, M. J. (1989). An Exploration of Benefits from NASA "Spinoff". Littleton: Chapman Research Group, Inc.
  • Crane, K. W., Linck, E., Lal, B. ve Wei, R. Y. (2020). Measuring the Space Economy: Estimating the Value of Economic Activities in and for Space. IDA Science & Technology Policy Institute, No. D-10814. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1122153.pdf, (10.04.2024).
  • Evans, M. K. (1976). The Economic Impact of NASA R&D Spending, Executive Summary. Chase Econometric Associates, Inc., Bala Cynwyd, PA, Contract NASW-2741. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19760017002/downloads/19760017002.pdf, (5.03.2024).
  • Highfill, T. C. ve MacDonald, A. C. (2022). Estimating the United States Space Economy Using Input-Output Frameworks. Space Policy, 60, 101474.
  • Karasu, O. (2023). Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Uzay Endüstrisi: Nicel ve Nitel Yöntemlerle Bir İktisadi Etki Analizi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, 2023.
  • Koenker, R. ve Bassett Jr, G. (1978). Regression quantiles. Econometrica: Journal of The Econometric Society, 46(1), 33-50.
  • Machay, M. (2012). A Brief Analysis Of US Space Employment. Space Policy, 28(2), 125-129.
  • Machay, M. ve Hajko, V. (2015). Transatlantic Space Cooperation: An Empirical Evidence. Space Policy, 32, 37-43.
  • Midwest Research Institute (1971). Economic Impact of Stimulated Technological Activity. NASA, Contract No. NASW-2030, MRI Project No. 3430-D. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19730012250/downloads/19730012250.pdf (5.04.2024).
  • Midwest Research Institute (1988). Technological Progress of NASA Research and Development Expenditures. Kansas City, MO, for the National Academy of Public Administration.
  • NASA (2022). Economic Impact Study. Nathalie P. Voorhees Center for Neighborhood and Community Improvement. https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/nasa_fy21_economic_impact_report_full.pdf?emrc=716b21, (29.04.2024)
  • Olgun, M. F. ve Bayraktar, Y. (2023). The Relationship Between NASA Budget and Economic Growth: The Causality Approach. In Y. Bayraktar, V. N. Akun & S. Alis (Eds.), Proceedings for the Second Symposium on Space Economy, Space Law and Space Sciences (pp. 1-12). https://doi.org/10.26650/PB/SS46PS01.2023.004.001
  • Oxford Analytica (2008). Understanding the Space Economy: Competition, Cooperation and Commerce: A Study Produced for NASA. New York: Oxford Analytica. https://isulibrary.isunet.edu/doc_num.php?explnum_id=290.
  • Peeters, W. (2021). Evolution of the Space Economy: Government Space to Commercial Space and New Space. Astropolitics, 19(3), 206-222.
  • Reichstein, T., Dahl, M. S., Ebersberger, B. ve Jensen, M. B. (2010). The Devil Dwells in The Tails: A Quantile Regression Approach to Firm Growth. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 20, 219-231.
  • Shove, C. (2005). Emerging Space Commerce and State Economic Development Strategies. Economic Development Quarterly, 19(2), 190-206.
  • The WEFA Group (1994). The Economic Impact of the Space Program: A Macro and Industrial Perspective. Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.
  • Uzundere, Ş. 2022. Ülkelerin Uzay Yatırımlarında Son Yıllarda Büyük Artış Görüldü. Çevirimiçi, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/bilim-teknoloji/ulkelerin-uzay-yatirimlarinda-son-yillarda-buyuk-artis-goruldu/2641619, 22.05.2024.
  • Zervos, V. (2008). Whatever Happened to Competition in Space Agency Procurement? The Case of NASA. Journal of Applied Economics, 11(1), 221-236.

NASA Tedarik Harcamalarının Uzay Ekonomisine Etkisi: ABD Eyaletleri Üzerine Ampirik Uygulama

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 325 - 344, 18.04.2025

Mehmet Fırat Olgun , Yüksel Bayraktar

https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1522444

Abstract

ABD uzay ekonomisine doğrudan ve dolaylı ekonomik etkiler sağlayan NASA, 2021 yılında 71.2 milyar dolar gelir ve yaklaşık 340 bin istihdam olanağı sağlamıştır. 2021 yılında gerçekleştirilen 21.2 milyar dolar tedarik harcaması ile ülkedeki üreticiler ve buna bağlı alt üreticiler desteklenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı NASA tedarik harcamalarının ABD uzay ekonomisine olan etkisini incelemektir. 2021 yılı verileri ile 51 eyalet üzerine yatay kesit analizi yapılmıştır. Uzay katma değeri üzerinde etkili olduğu düşünülen uzay istihdamı, uzay vergi gelirleri, gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla ve NASA tedarik harcamaları değişkenleri modele dahil edilmiştir. Model tahmininde Kantil Regresyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tahmin sonuçları tüm değişkenlerin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve ABD uzay katma değeri üzerinde pozitif bir etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Uzay katma değeri üzerinde en etkili olan değişkenin ise NASA tedarik harcamaları olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, NASA’nın ABD uzay endüstrisi için önemli bir çarpan etkisi oluşturduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

Uzay Ekonomisi NASA Tedarik Harcamaları Kantil Regresyon Uzay İstihdamı Ticari Uzay

References

  • Asongu, S. A. (2014). The Impact of Health Worker Migration on Development Dynamics: Evidence of Wealth Effects From Africa. The European Journal of Health Economics, 15, 187-201.
  • Asongu, S. A. (2018). Conditional Determinants of Mobile Phones Penetration and Mobile Banking in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 9(1), 81-135.
  • Billger, S. M. ve Goel, R. K. (2009). Do Existing Corruption Levels Matter in Controlling Corruption?: Cross-Country Quantile Regression Estimates. Journal of Development Economics, 90(2), 299-305.
  • Center for Space Policy (CSP) Associates. (1985). Commercial Space Industry in the Year 2000: A Market Forecast. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Center for Space Policy (CSP), Inc.
  • Chapman, R. L., Lohman, L. C. ve Chapman, M. J. (1989). An Exploration of Benefits from NASA "Spinoff". Littleton: Chapman Research Group, Inc.
  • Crane, K. W., Linck, E., Lal, B. ve Wei, R. Y. (2020). Measuring the Space Economy: Estimating the Value of Economic Activities in and for Space. IDA Science & Technology Policy Institute, No. D-10814. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1122153.pdf, (10.04.2024).
  • Evans, M. K. (1976). The Economic Impact of NASA R&D Spending, Executive Summary. Chase Econometric Associates, Inc., Bala Cynwyd, PA, Contract NASW-2741. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19760017002/downloads/19760017002.pdf, (5.03.2024).
  • Highfill, T. C. ve MacDonald, A. C. (2022). Estimating the United States Space Economy Using Input-Output Frameworks. Space Policy, 60, 101474.
  • Karasu, O. (2023). Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Uzay Endüstrisi: Nicel ve Nitel Yöntemlerle Bir İktisadi Etki Analizi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, 2023.
  • Koenker, R. ve Bassett Jr, G. (1978). Regression quantiles. Econometrica: Journal of The Econometric Society, 46(1), 33-50.
  • Machay, M. (2012). A Brief Analysis Of US Space Employment. Space Policy, 28(2), 125-129.
  • Machay, M. ve Hajko, V. (2015). Transatlantic Space Cooperation: An Empirical Evidence. Space Policy, 32, 37-43.
  • Midwest Research Institute (1971). Economic Impact of Stimulated Technological Activity. NASA, Contract No. NASW-2030, MRI Project No. 3430-D. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19730012250/downloads/19730012250.pdf (5.04.2024).
  • Midwest Research Institute (1988). Technological Progress of NASA Research and Development Expenditures. Kansas City, MO, for the National Academy of Public Administration.
  • NASA (2022). Economic Impact Study. Nathalie P. Voorhees Center for Neighborhood and Community Improvement. https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/nasa_fy21_economic_impact_report_full.pdf?emrc=716b21, (29.04.2024)
  • Olgun, M. F. ve Bayraktar, Y. (2023). The Relationship Between NASA Budget and Economic Growth: The Causality Approach. In Y. Bayraktar, V. N. Akun & S. Alis (Eds.), Proceedings for the Second Symposium on Space Economy, Space Law and Space Sciences (pp. 1-12). https://doi.org/10.26650/PB/SS46PS01.2023.004.001
  • Oxford Analytica (2008). Understanding the Space Economy: Competition, Cooperation and Commerce: A Study Produced for NASA. New York: Oxford Analytica. https://isulibrary.isunet.edu/doc_num.php?explnum_id=290.
  • Peeters, W. (2021). Evolution of the Space Economy: Government Space to Commercial Space and New Space. Astropolitics, 19(3), 206-222.
  • Reichstein, T., Dahl, M. S., Ebersberger, B. ve Jensen, M. B. (2010). The Devil Dwells in The Tails: A Quantile Regression Approach to Firm Growth. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 20, 219-231.
  • Shove, C. (2005). Emerging Space Commerce and State Economic Development Strategies. Economic Development Quarterly, 19(2), 190-206.
  • The WEFA Group (1994). The Economic Impact of the Space Program: A Macro and Industrial Perspective. Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.
  • Uzundere, Ş. 2022. Ülkelerin Uzay Yatırımlarında Son Yıllarda Büyük Artış Görüldü. Çevirimiçi, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/bilim-teknoloji/ulkelerin-uzay-yatirimlarinda-son-yillarda-buyuk-artis-goruldu/2641619, 22.05.2024.
  • Zervos, V. (2008). Whatever Happened to Competition in Space Agency Procurement? The Case of NASA. Journal of Applied Economics, 11(1), 221-236.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Microeconomics (Other)
Journal Section Main Section
Authors

Mehmet Fırat Olgun 0000-0002-2728-0714

Yüksel Bayraktar 0000-0002-3499-4571

Early Pub Date April 6, 2025
Publication Date April 18, 2025
Submission Date July 25, 2024
Acceptance Date February 18, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 27 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Olgun, M. F., & Bayraktar, Y. (2025). NASA Tedarik Harcamalarının Uzay Ekonomisine Etkisi: ABD Eyaletleri Üzerine Ampirik Uygulama. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 325-344. https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1522444
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