Research Article
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Comparison of Export Potential Map and Smart Export Robot

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 609 - 622, 30.05.2025

Ayşegül Karataş

https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1607202

Abstract

There are many models in the literature on the criteria on which export market selection should be made. However, most of these models have not been tested empirically. Since the Export Potential Map (EPM), developed by the International Trade Center, and the Smart Export Robot (Akıllı İhracat Robotu – AİR), developed by the Turkish Ministry of Commerce, can direct many businesses, it is very important to test their prediction power of export opportunities. In this research the prediction power of these tools tested with 350 randomly selected products in the Turkish sample. Quantitative methods were used in the longitudinally designed research. Results show that Smart Export Robot is more successful than Export Potential Map in identifying international market opportunities. However, when the averages are considered, it is seen that approximately half of the referred countries perform below average, and therefore, both AIR and IPR should be used carefully.

Keywords

Export Potential Map Smart Export Robot Export Market Selection

References

  • Alexander, N., Rhodes, M., & Myers, H. (2007). International market selection: Measuring actions instead of intentions. Journal of Services Marketing, 21(6), 424-434. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040710818912
  • Aucamp, M., Steenkamp, E. A., & Bezuidenhout, C. (2023). Comparing international market selection methods using export potential values for South Africa. The International Trade Journal, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2023.2166628
  • Brouthers, L. E., & Nakos, G. (2005). The role of systematic international market selection on small firms’ export performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 43(4), 363-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2005.00142.x
  • Buckley, P. J. (1989). Foreign direct investment by small-and medium-sized enterprises: The theoretical background. The Multinational Enterprise, 24-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11026-1_2
  • Chao, G. H., Hsu, M. K., & Haas, D. A. (2014). Global market evaluation: A longitudinal efficiency assessment approach. Global Economy Journal, 14(3–4), 345–371. https://doi.org/10.1515/gej-2014-0008
  • Cuyvers, L., De Pelsmacker, P., Rayp, G., & Roozen, I. T. (1995). A decision support model for the planning and assessment of export promotion activities by government export promotion institutions—the Belgian case. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 12(2), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(94)00021-F
  • Cuyvers, L., Steenkamp, E., Viviers, W., Rossouw, R., & Cameron, M. (2017). Identifying Thailand’s high-potential export opportunities in ASEAN+ 3 countries. Journal of International Trade Law and Policy, 16(1), 2-33. https://doi.org/10.1108/JITLP-09-2016-0019
  • Çavuşgil, S. T. (1997). Measuring the potential of emerging markets: An indexing approach. Business Horizons, 40(1), 87-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-6813(97)90030-6
  • Çavuşgil, S. T., Kiyak, T., & Yeniyurt, S. (2004). Complementary approaches to preliminary foreign market opportunity assessment: Country clustering and country ranking. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(7), 607-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.10.005
  • Day, E., Fox, R. J., & Huszagh, S. M. (1988). Segmenting the global market for industrial goods: Issues and implications. International Marketing Review, 5(3), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb008355
  • Deaza, J. A., Díaz, N. F., Castiblanco, S. E., & Barbosa, M. I. (2020). International market selection models: A literature review. Tendencias, 21(2), 191-217. https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.202102.147
  • Ellis, P. (2000). Social ties and foreign market entry. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(3), 443-469. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490916
  • Esen, E., & Kostakoğlu, S. F. (2016). Post-Keynesyen tüketici tercihi teorisi. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 102-110. http://aksarayiibd.aksaray.edu.tr/en/download/article-file/415041
  • Gaston-Breton, C., & Martín Martín, O. (2011). International market selection and segmentation: A two-stage model. International Marketing Review, 28(3), 267–290. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331111132857
  • Goodnow, J. D., & Hansz, J. E. (1972). Environmental determinants of overseas market entry strategies. Journal of International Business Studies, 3(1), 33-50. https://www.jstor.org/stable/154318
  • Gorecka, D., & Szalucka, M. (2013). Country market selection in international expansion using multicriteria decision-aiding methods. Multiple Criteria Decision Making, 8, 32-55. https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.desklight-fe2ab3b1-0cfa-4a03-b099-5fa4821c5858
  • Green, R. T. & A.W. Allaway (1985). Identification of Export Opportunities: A Shift-share Approach. The Journal of Marketing. 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900108
  • Heckscher, E., & Ohlin, B. (1933). Interregional and international trade. Harvard University Press.
  • Huff, D. L., & L.A. Sherr (1967). Measure for Determining Differential Growth Rates of Markets. Journal of Marketing Research. 391-395. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222437670040
  • International Trade Center. (2023). Export Potential Map. https://www.intracen.org/resources/tools/export-potential-map
  • International Trade Center. (2024). Export Potential Map. https://exportpotential.intracen.org/en/about/export-potential-map
  • Jalal, A. (2018). Strategic decision making: External factors influencing foreign market entry. Journal of Higher Education Service Science and Management, 1(1), 1-9.
  • Johanson, J., & Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975). The internationalization of the firm—Four Swedish cases. Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), 305-323. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1975.tb00514.x
  • Karataş, A., Şimdi, H., & Garip, B. (2021). Correlation between misinvoicing and non-tariff measures for Turkey's exports to the EU. Acta Oeconomica, 71(2), 327-346. https://doi.org/10.1556/032.2021.00016
  • Kellenberg, D., & Levinson, A. (2016). Misreporting trade: Tariff evasion, corruption, and auditing standards. National Bureau of Economic Research, WP22593. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w22593/w22593.pdf
  • Kumar, V., Stam, A., & Joachimsthaler, E. A. (1994). An interactive multicriteria approach to identifying potential foreign markets. Journal of International Marketing, 2(1), 29-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031X9400200103
  • Kural, M., Kovacı, S., & Şen, S. (2024). Uluslararası iktisatta güncel sorunlara yeni yaklaşımlar. B. Erkan & C. Telek (Eds.), Güncel sorunlara yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Michigan State University. (2014). Machinery. GlobalEDGE. https://globaledge.msu.edu/industry-mpi/mpi/9/machinery
  • Mullen, M. R., & Sheng, S. Y. (2006). Extending and comparing Cavusgil's overall market opportunity indexes. International Marketing Research, 17, 219-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-7979(06)17008-8
  • Musso, F., & Francioni, B. (2012). The influence of decision-maker characteristics on the international strategic decision-making process: An SME perspective. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 279-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1002
  • Nitsch, V. (2012). Trade mispricing and illicit flows. P. Reuter (Ed.), Draining development? Controlling flows of illicit funds from developing countries (pp. 309-333). Dünya Bankası.
  • Nowak, J. (1997). International market selection: Developing a region-specific procedure for Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of Transnational Management Development, 3(1), 93-110. https://doi.org/10.1300/J130v03n01_07
  • Oey, E., Noviyanti, & Sanny, L. (2018). Evaluating international market selection with multi-criteria decision-making tools: A case study of a metal company in Indonesia. International Journal of Business Excellence, 16(3), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2018.095645
  • Öztürk, A., Joiner, E., & Çavuşgil, S. T. (2015). Delineating foreign market potential: A tool for international market selection. Thunderbird International Business Review, 57(2), 119–141. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21686
  • Papadopoulos, N., Chen, H., & Thomas, D. R. (2002). Toward a tradeoff model for international market selection. International Business Review, 11(2), 165-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(01)00054-3
  • Papadopoulos, N., & Denis, J. E. (1988). Inventory, taxonomy and assessment of methods for international market selection. International Marketing Review, 5(3), 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb008357
  • Patnaik, I., Gupta, A. S., & Shah, A. (2012). Determinants of trade misinvoicing. Open Economies Review, 23(5), 891–910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-011-9214-4
  • Pekcan, R. (2021). Kolay İhracat Platformu 2.0 tanıtım toplantısında konuştu. https://ticaret.gov.tr/haberler/bakan-pekcan-kolay-ihracat-platformu-2-0-tanitim-toplantisinda-konustu
  • Pöyhönen, P. (1963). A tentative model for the volume of trade between countries. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 93–100.
  • Ragland, C. B., Widmier, S. M., & Brouthers, L. E. (2015). A factor endowment approach to international market selection. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 23(6), 497–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2014.1001860
  • Russow, L. C., & Okoroafo, S. C. (1996). On the way towards developing a global screening model. International Marketing Review, 13(1), 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651339610111344
  • Sakarya, S., Eckman, M., & Hyllegard, K. H. (2007). Market selection for international expansion: Assessing opportunities in emerging markets. International Marketing Review, 24(2), 208–238. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330710741820
  • Samli, A. C. (1977). An approach for estimating market potential in East Europe. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(2), 49–54. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490685
  • Sethi, S. P. (1971). Comparative cluster analysis for world markets. Journal of Marketing Research, 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377100800311
  • Shabani, A., Saen, R. F., & Vazifehdoost, H. (2013). The use of data envelopment analysis for international market selection in the presence of multiple dual-role factors. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 13(4), 471–489. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2013.055302
  • Sheng, Y. S., & Mullen, M. R. (2011). A hybrid model for export market opportunity analysis. International Marketing Review, 28(2), 163–182. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331111122650
  • Simon, H. (1959). Theories of decision-making in economic and behavioral sciences. American Economic Review, 49(3), 253–282. Erişim Adresi: https://msuweb.montclair.edu/~lebelp/SimonDecTheoryAER1959.pdf
  • Simon, H. (1976). From substantive to procedural rationality. S. Latsis (Ed.), Method and appraisal in economics (pp. 129–159). Cambridge University Press.
  • Topcu, Y. E. (2021). Türkiye’nin dış ticaret rekabetinin güçlü olduğu ürünlerde dijital teknolojiler yoluyla hedef pazarların tespiti: Akıllı İhracat Robotu örneği. Hüseyin Ali Kutlu, Ebubekir Karabacak (Eds.), Uluslararası ticaret ve lojistikte güncel yaklaşımlar ve değerlendirmeler (Vol. 2, pp. 53–68). Efe Akademi.
  • Webber, S., & Prouse, C. (2017). The new gold standard: The rise of randomized control trials and experimental development. Economic Geography, 94(2), 166–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2017.1392235
  • Williamson, N. C., Kshetri, N., Heijwegen, T., & Schiopu, A. F. (2006). An exploratory study of the functional forms of export market identification variables. Journal of International Marketing, 14(1), 71–97. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.14.1.7

İhracat Potansiyeli Haritası ve Akıllı İhracat Robotunun Karşılaştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 609 - 622, 30.05.2025

Ayşegül Karataş

https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1607202

Abstract

İhracat pazar seçiminin hangi kriterlere dayanılarak yapılacağı konusunda yazında çok sayıda model olsa da bu modellerin pek çoğunun ampirik olarak test edilmediği görülmektedir. Uluslararası Ticaret Merkezi’nin geliştirdiği İhracat Potansiyeli Haritası (Export Potential Map -EPM) aracı ve T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı’nın geliştirdiği Akıllı İhracat Robotu (AİR) çok sayıda işletmeyi yönlendirme potansiyeline sahip olduğu için bu iki aracın doğru pazarları tahmin etme gücünün test edilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırmada Türkiye örnekleminde rassal olarak seçilen 350 ürün için bahsi geçen araçların yönlendirdiği ülkelere bir sonraki yılda yapılan ihracatlar değerlendirilerek yönlendirmelerin doğruluğu test edilmiştir. Boylamsal olarak tasarlanan araştırmada nicel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak AİR’in uluslararası pazar fırsatlarını belirleme konusunda EPM’den daha başarılı olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak ortalamalar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda yönlendirilen ülkelerin yaklaşık yarısının ortalamanın altında bir performans sergilediği, bu nedenle de gerek AİR gerekse EPM’nin dikkatli kullanılması gerektiği görülmektedir. İhracat verilerindeki güvenilirlik problemi ve ihracat pazarı seçimindeki olası subjektivite nedeniyle benzer araştırmaların farklı veri ve tasarımlarla yapılması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

İhracat Potansiyeli Haritası Akıllı İhracat Robotu İhracat Pazar Seçimi

Ethical Statement

Çalışma için etik onaya ihtiyaç yoktur. Bilimsel etiğe uygundur.

References

  • Alexander, N., Rhodes, M., & Myers, H. (2007). International market selection: Measuring actions instead of intentions. Journal of Services Marketing, 21(6), 424-434. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040710818912
  • Aucamp, M., Steenkamp, E. A., & Bezuidenhout, C. (2023). Comparing international market selection methods using export potential values for South Africa. The International Trade Journal, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2023.2166628
  • Brouthers, L. E., & Nakos, G. (2005). The role of systematic international market selection on small firms’ export performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 43(4), 363-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2005.00142.x
  • Buckley, P. J. (1989). Foreign direct investment by small-and medium-sized enterprises: The theoretical background. The Multinational Enterprise, 24-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11026-1_2
  • Chao, G. H., Hsu, M. K., & Haas, D. A. (2014). Global market evaluation: A longitudinal efficiency assessment approach. Global Economy Journal, 14(3–4), 345–371. https://doi.org/10.1515/gej-2014-0008
  • Cuyvers, L., De Pelsmacker, P., Rayp, G., & Roozen, I. T. (1995). A decision support model for the planning and assessment of export promotion activities by government export promotion institutions—the Belgian case. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 12(2), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(94)00021-F
  • Cuyvers, L., Steenkamp, E., Viviers, W., Rossouw, R., & Cameron, M. (2017). Identifying Thailand’s high-potential export opportunities in ASEAN+ 3 countries. Journal of International Trade Law and Policy, 16(1), 2-33. https://doi.org/10.1108/JITLP-09-2016-0019
  • Çavuşgil, S. T. (1997). Measuring the potential of emerging markets: An indexing approach. Business Horizons, 40(1), 87-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-6813(97)90030-6
  • Çavuşgil, S. T., Kiyak, T., & Yeniyurt, S. (2004). Complementary approaches to preliminary foreign market opportunity assessment: Country clustering and country ranking. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(7), 607-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.10.005
  • Day, E., Fox, R. J., & Huszagh, S. M. (1988). Segmenting the global market for industrial goods: Issues and implications. International Marketing Review, 5(3), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb008355
  • Deaza, J. A., Díaz, N. F., Castiblanco, S. E., & Barbosa, M. I. (2020). International market selection models: A literature review. Tendencias, 21(2), 191-217. https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.202102.147
  • Ellis, P. (2000). Social ties and foreign market entry. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(3), 443-469. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490916
  • Esen, E., & Kostakoğlu, S. F. (2016). Post-Keynesyen tüketici tercihi teorisi. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 102-110. http://aksarayiibd.aksaray.edu.tr/en/download/article-file/415041
  • Gaston-Breton, C., & Martín Martín, O. (2011). International market selection and segmentation: A two-stage model. International Marketing Review, 28(3), 267–290. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331111132857
  • Goodnow, J. D., & Hansz, J. E. (1972). Environmental determinants of overseas market entry strategies. Journal of International Business Studies, 3(1), 33-50. https://www.jstor.org/stable/154318
  • Gorecka, D., & Szalucka, M. (2013). Country market selection in international expansion using multicriteria decision-aiding methods. Multiple Criteria Decision Making, 8, 32-55. https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.desklight-fe2ab3b1-0cfa-4a03-b099-5fa4821c5858
  • Green, R. T. & A.W. Allaway (1985). Identification of Export Opportunities: A Shift-share Approach. The Journal of Marketing. 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900108
  • Heckscher, E., & Ohlin, B. (1933). Interregional and international trade. Harvard University Press.
  • Huff, D. L., & L.A. Sherr (1967). Measure for Determining Differential Growth Rates of Markets. Journal of Marketing Research. 391-395. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222437670040
  • International Trade Center. (2023). Export Potential Map. https://www.intracen.org/resources/tools/export-potential-map
  • International Trade Center. (2024). Export Potential Map. https://exportpotential.intracen.org/en/about/export-potential-map
  • Jalal, A. (2018). Strategic decision making: External factors influencing foreign market entry. Journal of Higher Education Service Science and Management, 1(1), 1-9.
  • Johanson, J., & Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975). The internationalization of the firm—Four Swedish cases. Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), 305-323. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1975.tb00514.x
  • Karataş, A., Şimdi, H., & Garip, B. (2021). Correlation between misinvoicing and non-tariff measures for Turkey's exports to the EU. Acta Oeconomica, 71(2), 327-346. https://doi.org/10.1556/032.2021.00016
  • Kellenberg, D., & Levinson, A. (2016). Misreporting trade: Tariff evasion, corruption, and auditing standards. National Bureau of Economic Research, WP22593. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w22593/w22593.pdf
  • Kumar, V., Stam, A., & Joachimsthaler, E. A. (1994). An interactive multicriteria approach to identifying potential foreign markets. Journal of International Marketing, 2(1), 29-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031X9400200103
  • Kural, M., Kovacı, S., & Şen, S. (2024). Uluslararası iktisatta güncel sorunlara yeni yaklaşımlar. B. Erkan & C. Telek (Eds.), Güncel sorunlara yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Michigan State University. (2014). Machinery. GlobalEDGE. https://globaledge.msu.edu/industry-mpi/mpi/9/machinery
  • Mullen, M. R., & Sheng, S. Y. (2006). Extending and comparing Cavusgil's overall market opportunity indexes. International Marketing Research, 17, 219-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-7979(06)17008-8
  • Musso, F., & Francioni, B. (2012). The influence of decision-maker characteristics on the international strategic decision-making process: An SME perspective. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 279-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1002
  • Nitsch, V. (2012). Trade mispricing and illicit flows. P. Reuter (Ed.), Draining development? Controlling flows of illicit funds from developing countries (pp. 309-333). Dünya Bankası.
  • Nowak, J. (1997). International market selection: Developing a region-specific procedure for Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of Transnational Management Development, 3(1), 93-110. https://doi.org/10.1300/J130v03n01_07
  • Oey, E., Noviyanti, & Sanny, L. (2018). Evaluating international market selection with multi-criteria decision-making tools: A case study of a metal company in Indonesia. International Journal of Business Excellence, 16(3), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2018.095645
  • Öztürk, A., Joiner, E., & Çavuşgil, S. T. (2015). Delineating foreign market potential: A tool for international market selection. Thunderbird International Business Review, 57(2), 119–141. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21686
  • Papadopoulos, N., Chen, H., & Thomas, D. R. (2002). Toward a tradeoff model for international market selection. International Business Review, 11(2), 165-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(01)00054-3
  • Papadopoulos, N., & Denis, J. E. (1988). Inventory, taxonomy and assessment of methods for international market selection. International Marketing Review, 5(3), 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb008357
  • Patnaik, I., Gupta, A. S., & Shah, A. (2012). Determinants of trade misinvoicing. Open Economies Review, 23(5), 891–910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-011-9214-4
  • Pekcan, R. (2021). Kolay İhracat Platformu 2.0 tanıtım toplantısında konuştu. https://ticaret.gov.tr/haberler/bakan-pekcan-kolay-ihracat-platformu-2-0-tanitim-toplantisinda-konustu
  • Pöyhönen, P. (1963). A tentative model for the volume of trade between countries. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 93–100.
  • Ragland, C. B., Widmier, S. M., & Brouthers, L. E. (2015). A factor endowment approach to international market selection. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 23(6), 497–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2014.1001860
  • Russow, L. C., & Okoroafo, S. C. (1996). On the way towards developing a global screening model. International Marketing Review, 13(1), 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651339610111344
  • Sakarya, S., Eckman, M., & Hyllegard, K. H. (2007). Market selection for international expansion: Assessing opportunities in emerging markets. International Marketing Review, 24(2), 208–238. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330710741820
  • Samli, A. C. (1977). An approach for estimating market potential in East Europe. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(2), 49–54. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490685
  • Sethi, S. P. (1971). Comparative cluster analysis for world markets. Journal of Marketing Research, 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377100800311
  • Shabani, A., Saen, R. F., & Vazifehdoost, H. (2013). The use of data envelopment analysis for international market selection in the presence of multiple dual-role factors. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 13(4), 471–489. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2013.055302
  • Sheng, Y. S., & Mullen, M. R. (2011). A hybrid model for export market opportunity analysis. International Marketing Review, 28(2), 163–182. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331111122650
  • Simon, H. (1959). Theories of decision-making in economic and behavioral sciences. American Economic Review, 49(3), 253–282. Erişim Adresi: https://msuweb.montclair.edu/~lebelp/SimonDecTheoryAER1959.pdf
  • Simon, H. (1976). From substantive to procedural rationality. S. Latsis (Ed.), Method and appraisal in economics (pp. 129–159). Cambridge University Press.
  • Topcu, Y. E. (2021). Türkiye’nin dış ticaret rekabetinin güçlü olduğu ürünlerde dijital teknolojiler yoluyla hedef pazarların tespiti: Akıllı İhracat Robotu örneği. Hüseyin Ali Kutlu, Ebubekir Karabacak (Eds.), Uluslararası ticaret ve lojistikte güncel yaklaşımlar ve değerlendirmeler (Vol. 2, pp. 53–68). Efe Akademi.
  • Webber, S., & Prouse, C. (2017). The new gold standard: The rise of randomized control trials and experimental development. Economic Geography, 94(2), 166–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2017.1392235
  • Williamson, N. C., Kshetri, N., Heijwegen, T., & Schiopu, A. F. (2006). An exploratory study of the functional forms of export market identification variables. Journal of International Marketing, 14(1), 71–97. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.14.1.7
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Corporation, Marketing Research Methodology, Marketing Management, International Marketing
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ayşegül Karataş 0000-0002-8587-5994

Publication Date May 30, 2025
Submission Date December 25, 2024
Acceptance Date April 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karataş, A. (2025). İhracat Potansiyeli Haritası ve Akıllı İhracat Robotunun Karşılaştırılması. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 9(2), 609-622. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1607202