Overview of C.elegans and Investigation of the Effects of Plant Extracts of Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) on the Thermotolerance of Caenorhabditis Elegance
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of functional plant extracts of Melissa officinalis on thermotolerance (resistance to heat stress) and lifespan of the model organism C. elegans. Thermotolerance studies are the first step and a short one in the life span analysis of such model organisms. It is thought that various concentrations (5, 50, 200 μg/ml, respectively) of methanol extracts of the plant (Melissa officinalis) may have positive effects on C.elegans thermotolerance (heat stress).
Methods: In this study, methanol extracts of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis), which is rich in antioxidants and also has functional properties, were prepared at various concentrations (5, 50, 200 μg/ml, respectively) and tested with experimental groups at these 3 different concentrations together with the control group by creating heat stress on living organisms (at 35°C). In each petri dish, 200 μg/ml of (FudR) was added. The effects of this plant on the thermotolerance of C. elegans were examined in this study and the results were interpreted and the effect on the li
fe span was evaluated.
Results: As a result of the experiments, it was found that the extract concentrations at which the thermotolerance (heat stress) effect was the strongest were 50 and 200 μg/ml; however, it was determined that at low concentrations such as 5 μg/ml, the extracts lost their effectiveness on C.elegans thermotolerance.
Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was observed that 50 and 200 μg/ml concentrations of the extracts increased the thermotolerance of C.elegans, but the concentration of 5 μg/ml gave similar results with the control group. Because 5 μg/ml is a 1/10 dilution of 50 μg/ml and it can be understood that it will be ineffective due to this low concentration. From this point of view, we can say that lemon balm plant extracts have a significant enhancing effect on C. elegans thermotolerance and this effect is at 50-200 μg/ml levels. However, at concentrations as low as 5 μg/ml, the effect of the extracts on C.elegans thermotolerance is lost.
Ethical Statement
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-forprofit sectors.
Supporting Institution
Aydın Adnan Menderes University and İstinye University
Project Number
SBF-18001
Thanks
Dear editor, Thank you very much in advance for your help.
References
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- 3. Fielenbach, N., Antebi, A. (2008). C. elegans dauer formation and the molecular basis of plasticity. Genes and Development, 22(16), 2149-2165.
- 4. Katalinic, V., Milos, M., Kulisic, T., Jukic, M. (2006). Screening of 70 medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant capacity and total phenols. Food Chemistry, 94, 550–557.
- 5. Singh, K.D., Zheng, X., Milstein, S., Keller, M., Roschitzki, B., Grossmann, J., et al. (2017). Differential regulation of germ line apoptosis and germ cell differentiation by CPEB family members in C.elegans. PLoS One, 12(7), e0182270, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182270.
- 6. Huang, H., Hauk, C., Yum, M.Y., Rizhsky, L., Widrechner, M.P., McCoy, J.A. (2009). Rosmarinic acid in Prunella vulgaris ethanol extract inhibits lipopolysacharide-induced prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide in RAW-267,7 mouse macrophages. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, 10579- 10589.
- 7. Ünlü, E. (2010). Prevention and treatment of skin aging. Dermatoz, 1(1), 23-31.
- 8. Aiello, A., Accardi, G., Candore, G., Carruba, G., Davinelli, S., Passarino, G., et al. (2016). Nutrigerontology: a key for achieving successful ageing and longevity. Immunity & Ageing, doi: 10.1186/s12979-016-0071-2.
- 9. Başkal, G., Köngül, E., Karatoprak, G.Ş. (2017). Traditional use of Melissa Officinalis (Lemon Balm Herb). Journal of Health Sciences, 26, 267-269.
- 10. Anwar, J., Spanevellor, M., Thome, G., Stefanello, N., Schmatz, R., Gutierres, J., et al. (2012). Effects of caffeic acid on behavioral parameters and on the activity of acetylcholinesterase in different tissues from adult rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 103, 386-394.
- 11. Hertweck, M., Hoppe, T., Baumeister, R. (2003). C.elegans, a model for aging with high-troughput capacity. Experimental Gerontology, 38, 327-328.
- 12. Benedetti, M.G., Foster, A.L., Vantipalli, M.C., White, M.P., Sampayo, J.N., Gill, M.S., et al. (2008). “Compounds that confer thermal stress resistance and extended lifespan’’, Experimental Gerontology, 43, 882–891.
- 13. Canadanovic-Brunet, J., Cetkovic, G., Djilas, S., Tumbas, V., Bogdanovic, G., Mandic, A., et al.(2008). Radical scavenging, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of Melissa officinalis L. extracts. Journal of Medicinal Food, 11, 133-143.
- 14. Fan, D., Hodges, D.M., Zhang, J., Kirby, C.W., Ji, X., Locke, S.J., et al. (2011). Commercial extract of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum enhances phenolic antioxidant content of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) which protects Caenorhabditis elegans against oxidative and thermal stress. Food Chemistry, 124, 195-202.
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- 16. Lai, C.H., Chou, C.Y., Chang, L.Y., Liu, C.S., Lin, W.C. (2000). Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics. Genome Research, 10, 703- 713.
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- 22. Wang, H., Liu, J., Li, T., Liu, R.H. (2018). Blueberry extract promotes longevity and stress tolerance via DAF-16 in Caenorhabditis elegans. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 9(10), 5273-5282.
- 23. Pandey, S., Tiwari, S., Kumar, A., Niranjan, A., Chand, J., Lehri, A., et al. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-aging potential of Juniper berry (Juniperus communis L.) essential oil in Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Industrial Crops & Products, 120, 113-122.
- 24. Sofowora, A., Ogunbodede, E., Onayade, A. (2013). The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention. African Journal Traditional Complementary Alternative Medicines, 10, 210-229.
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- 28. Şaşkara, C., Hürkul, M.M., Güvenç, A. (2010). Morphological and anatomical studies on Melissa offıcinalis L. (Capsicum, Lemon balm) sold in herbalists. Journal of Ankara Faculty of Pharmacy, 39, 123-143.
- 29. Vakkayil, K.L., Hoppe, T. (2022). Temperature-Dependent Regulation of Proteostasis and Longevity. Frontiers in Aging, 3, 853588.
C.elegans'a Genel Bakış ve Oğul Otu (Melissa Officinalis) Bitki Ekstraktlarının Caenorhabditis Elegance’ın Termotoleransı Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Melissa officinalis bitkisinin fonksiyonel bitki ekstraktlarının, model organizma C.elegans'ın termotoleransı (ısı stresine karşı direnç) ve yaşam süresi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Termotolerans çalışmaları, bu tür model organizmalarda yaşam süresi analizi çalışmalarının ilk adımı ve kısa sürelisi olarak yer almaktadır. Oğul otu (Melissa officinalis) bitkisinin metanol ekstraktlarının çeşitli konsantrasyonlarının (sırasıyla 5, 50, 200 μg/ml olarak belirlenmiş olup) C.elegans termotoleransı (ısı stresi) üzerine olumlu etkilerinin olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma kapsamında, antioksidanlar açısından zengin ve aynı zamanda fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip oğul otu (Melissa officinalis) bitkisinin metanol ekstraktları çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda (sırasıyla 5, 50, 200 μg/ml olarak) hazırlanmış ve canlı organizmalar üzerinde ısı stresi de oluşturularak (35°C'de) kontrol grubu ile birlikte, bu 3 farklı konsantrasyondaki deney grupları ile test edilmiştir. Her bir petriye, (FudR) maddesi 200 μg/ml ilave edilmiştir. Bu bitkinin C.elegans'ın termotoleransı üzerindeki etkileri yapılan bu çalışmada incelenmiş ve sonuçları yorumlanarak yaşam süresi üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. .
Bulgular: Yapılan deneyler sonucunda, termotolerans (heat stress) etkisinin en güçlü olduğu ekstre konsantrasyonlarının 50 ve 200 μg/ml olarak bulunduğu; ancak oğulotu ekstrelerinin 5 μg/ml gibi düşük konsantrasyonda, C.elegans termotoleransı üzerindeki etkinliğini kaybettiği tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda, oğulotu ekstraktlarının 50 ve 200 μg/ml konsantrasyonlarının, C.elegans termotoleransını arttırdığı ancak, 5 μg/ml konsantrasyonu kontrol grubu ile benzer sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür. Çünkü 5 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml'nin 1/10 oranında seyreltilmiş halidir ve bu düşük konsantrasyon nedeniyle etkisiz olacağı buradan anlaşılabilir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, Melisa bitki ekstraktlarının C.elegans termotoleransı üzerinde önemli bir oranda artırıcı etkiye sahip olduğu ve bu etkinin de 50-200 μg/ml seviyelerinde olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Ancak, 5 μg/ml gibi düşük konsantrasyonlarda, ekstraktların C.elegans termotoleransı üzerindeki etkisi kaybolmaktadır.
Project Number
SBF-18001
References
- 1. Goyache I, Yavorov-Dayliev D, Milagro FI, Aranaz P. (2024). Caenorhabditis elegans as a screening model for probiotics with properties against metabolic sydrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25, 1321.
- 2. Savaş, N., Öğüt, S., Olgun, A. (2018). An alternative organism in toxicological research: Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans). Journal of ADU Faculty of Health Sciences, 2(2), 53-60.
- 3. Fielenbach, N., Antebi, A. (2008). C. elegans dauer formation and the molecular basis of plasticity. Genes and Development, 22(16), 2149-2165.
- 4. Katalinic, V., Milos, M., Kulisic, T., Jukic, M. (2006). Screening of 70 medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant capacity and total phenols. Food Chemistry, 94, 550–557.
- 5. Singh, K.D., Zheng, X., Milstein, S., Keller, M., Roschitzki, B., Grossmann, J., et al. (2017). Differential regulation of germ line apoptosis and germ cell differentiation by CPEB family members in C.elegans. PLoS One, 12(7), e0182270, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182270.
- 6. Huang, H., Hauk, C., Yum, M.Y., Rizhsky, L., Widrechner, M.P., McCoy, J.A. (2009). Rosmarinic acid in Prunella vulgaris ethanol extract inhibits lipopolysacharide-induced prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide in RAW-267,7 mouse macrophages. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, 10579- 10589.
- 7. Ünlü, E. (2010). Prevention and treatment of skin aging. Dermatoz, 1(1), 23-31.
- 8. Aiello, A., Accardi, G., Candore, G., Carruba, G., Davinelli, S., Passarino, G., et al. (2016). Nutrigerontology: a key for achieving successful ageing and longevity. Immunity & Ageing, doi: 10.1186/s12979-016-0071-2.
- 9. Başkal, G., Köngül, E., Karatoprak, G.Ş. (2017). Traditional use of Melissa Officinalis (Lemon Balm Herb). Journal of Health Sciences, 26, 267-269.
- 10. Anwar, J., Spanevellor, M., Thome, G., Stefanello, N., Schmatz, R., Gutierres, J., et al. (2012). Effects of caffeic acid on behavioral parameters and on the activity of acetylcholinesterase in different tissues from adult rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 103, 386-394.
- 11. Hertweck, M., Hoppe, T., Baumeister, R. (2003). C.elegans, a model for aging with high-troughput capacity. Experimental Gerontology, 38, 327-328.
- 12. Benedetti, M.G., Foster, A.L., Vantipalli, M.C., White, M.P., Sampayo, J.N., Gill, M.S., et al. (2008). “Compounds that confer thermal stress resistance and extended lifespan’’, Experimental Gerontology, 43, 882–891.
- 13. Canadanovic-Brunet, J., Cetkovic, G., Djilas, S., Tumbas, V., Bogdanovic, G., Mandic, A., et al.(2008). Radical scavenging, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of Melissa officinalis L. extracts. Journal of Medicinal Food, 11, 133-143.
- 14. Fan, D., Hodges, D.M., Zhang, J., Kirby, C.W., Ji, X., Locke, S.J., et al. (2011). Commercial extract of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum enhances phenolic antioxidant content of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) which protects Caenorhabditis elegans against oxidative and thermal stress. Food Chemistry, 124, 195-202.
- 15. Akgül, A. (2023). Spice Science and Technology. Food Technology Association Publications, 15(14), 451, Ankara.
- 16. Lai, C.H., Chou, C.Y., Chang, L.Y., Liu, C.S., Lin, W.C. (2000). Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics. Genome Research, 10, 703- 713.
- 17. Santos, P.A., Uczay, M., Pflüger, P., Lobo, L.A.C., Rott, M.B., Fontela, J.A., et al. (2024). Toxicological assessment of the Achyrocline satureioides aqueous extract in the Caenorhabditis elegans alternative model. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 87(18), 730-751.
- 18. Mclntyre, G., Wright, J., Wong, H.T., Lamendella, R., Chan, J. (2021). Effects of FUdR on gene expression in the C. elegans bacterial diet OP50. BMC Research Notes, 14, 207.
- 19. Fujimoto, A., Masuda, T. (2012). Antioxidation mechanism of rosmarinic acid, identification of an unstable quinone derivative by the addition of odourless thiol. Food Chemistry, 132, 901-906.
- 20. Özer, Z., Tursun, N., Önen, H. (2001). Healthy living with weeds (Food and Treatment). Four Colors Publications, ISBN: 975-8205-08-0. 2st Edition, Ankara, 293.
- 21. Liu, L., Guo, P., Wang, P., Zheng, S., Qu, Z., Liu, N. (2021). The Review of Anti-Aging Mechanism of Polyphenols on Caenorhabditis elegans. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 9, 1-13.
- 22. Wang, H., Liu, J., Li, T., Liu, R.H. (2018). Blueberry extract promotes longevity and stress tolerance via DAF-16 in Caenorhabditis elegans. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 9(10), 5273-5282.
- 23. Pandey, S., Tiwari, S., Kumar, A., Niranjan, A., Chand, J., Lehri, A., et al. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-aging potential of Juniper berry (Juniperus communis L.) essential oil in Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Industrial Crops & Products, 120, 113-122.
- 24. Sofowora, A., Ogunbodede, E., Onayade, A. (2013). The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention. African Journal Traditional Complementary Alternative Medicines, 10, 210-229.
- 25. Sun, Z.K., Yang, H.Q., Chen, S.D. (2013). Traditional Chinese medicine: a promising candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Translational Neurodegeneration, 2, 1-7.
- 26. Tuzlacı, E. (2006). Herbal Folk Medicines of Turkey. Alfa Press House, 195-198, İstanbul.
- 27. Phulara, S.C., Shukla, V., Tiwari, S., Pandey, R. (2015). Bacopa monnieri promotes longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans under stress conditions. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 11(42), 410-416.
- 28. Şaşkara, C., Hürkul, M.M., Güvenç, A. (2010). Morphological and anatomical studies on Melissa offıcinalis L. (Capsicum, Lemon balm) sold in herbalists. Journal of Ankara Faculty of Pharmacy, 39, 123-143.
- 29. Vakkayil, K.L., Hoppe, T. (2022). Temperature-Dependent Regulation of Proteostasis and Longevity. Frontiers in Aging, 3, 853588.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | SBF-18001 |
| Publication Date | May 31, 2025 |
| Submission Date | July 18, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | October 10, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 |
Cite
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