Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 569 - 586, 30.06.2025

Tuğçe Acar Kara

https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1627587

Abstract

References

  • Acheampong, A.O. & Opoku, E.E.O. (2023). Environmental degradation and economic growth: Investigating linkages and potential pathways. Energy Economics, 123, 106734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106734.
  • Adebayo, T. S. (2022). Renewable energy consumption and environmental sustainability in Canada: Does political stability make a difference?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 61307–61322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20008-4.
  • Adedapo, A. T., Akadiri, S. S., Adebayo, T. S. & Usman, N. (2022). Does interaction between technological innovation and natural resource rent impact environmental degradation in newly industrialized countries? New evidence from method of moments quantile regression. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(2), 3162-3169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17631-y.
  • Ahmed, M. M., Shimada, K. (2019). The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Sustainable Economic Development: Evidence from Emerging and Developing Economies. Energies, 12(15), 2954. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152954.
  • Atay Polat, M., Ergün, S. (2023). Türkiye’de Çevresel Düzenlemeler ve Ekonomik Büyümenin Hava Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkileri: Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Verimlilik Dergisi,113-126. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1059047.
  • Bashir, M. F., Pata, U.K., Shahzad, L. (2025). Linking climate change, energy transition and renewable energy investments to combat energy security risks: Evidence from top energy consuming economies, Energy, 314,134175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.134175.
  • Bilgili, F., Koçak, E., Bulut, Ü. (2016). The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions: A revisited environmental Kuznets curve approach. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 838–845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.080.
  • Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Sinha, A., Driha, O.M., Mubarik, M.S. (2021). Assessing the impacts of ageing and natural resource extraction on carbon emissions: a proposed policy framework for European economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 296, 126470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126470.
  • Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S.R., Ozturk, I., Bhattacharya, S. (2016). The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries. Applied Energy, 162, 733-741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.104.
  • Budun, F. (2024). Sağlık Harcamalarının Büyüme ve Hava Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: D-8 Ülkelerinin Analizi. Journal of Economics and Political Sciences, 4(2), 78-89.
  • Cai, Y., Yan Sam, C., Chang, T. (2018). Nexus between clean energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 1001-1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.035.
  • Chien, F. (2022). How renewable energy and non-renewable energy affect environmental excellence in N-11 economies?. Renewable Energy, 196, 526-534, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.07.013.
  • Chen, ZY., Petetin, H., Méndez Turrubiates, R.F. et al. (2024). Population exposure to multiple air pollutants and its compound episodes in Europe. Nature Communications, 15, 2094. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46103-3.
  • Cheng, Y., Sinha, A., Ghosh, V., Sengupta, T., Luo, H. (2021). Carbon tax and energy innovation at crossroads of carbon neutrality: designing a sustainable decarbonization policy. Journal ofEnvironmentalManagement,294,112957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112957.
  • Dilanchiev, A., Sharif, A., Ayad, H., Nuta, A. C. (2024). The interaction between remittance, FDI, renewable energy, and environmental quality: a panel data analysis for the top remittance-receiving countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31, 14912–14926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32150-2.
  • Dumitrescu, E.I., Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4). 1450-1460.
  • Grossman, M.G. & Krueger, A.B. (1995). Economic growth and the environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 5, 353–377. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118443.
  • Hanif, I. (2018). Impact of economic growth, nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption, and urbanization on carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Sciences Pollution Research, 25, 15057–15067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1753-4.
  • Hashmi S.H, Hongzhong, F., Fareed. Z., Bannya. R. (2020). Testing nonlinear nexus between service sector and CO2 emissions in Pakistan. Energies, 13(3), 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030526.
  • Jiang, M., Kim, E., Woo, Y. (2020). The Relationship between Economic Growth and Air Pollution—A Regional Comparison between China and South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082761.
  • Lee, C., Zhang, J., Hou, S. (2023). The impact of regional renewable energy development on environmental sustainability in China. Resources Policy, 80, 103245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103245.
  • Lohwasser, J., Bolognesi, T., Schaffer, A. (2025). Impacts of population, affluence and urbanization on local air pollution and land transformation: A regional STIRPAT analysis for German districts, Ecological Economics, 227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108416.
  • Maddala G. S. & Wu, S. (1999). A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and New Simple Test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, 631-652. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.0610s1631.
  • Magazzino, C., Toma, P., Fusco, G., Valente, D., Petrosillo. I. (2022). Renewable energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth: the greener the richer?. Ecological Indicators, 139, 108912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108912.
  • Majeed A, Ye C, Chenyun Y, Wei X, Muniba. (2022). Roles of natural resources, globalization, and technological innovations in mitigation of environmental degradation in BRI economies. PLoS ONE, 17(6): e0265755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265755.
  • Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Front. Public Health, 8,1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014.
  • McConnell, K.E. (1997). Income and the demand for environmental quality. Environment and Development Economics, 2, 383–399. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X9700020X.
  • Miao, Y., Razzaq, A., Adebayo, T.S., Awosusi, A.A. (2022). Do renewable energy consumption and financial globalisation contribute to ecological sustainability in newly industrialized countries?. Renewable Energy, 187, 688-697.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.01.073
  • Mirziyoyeva, Z. & Salahodjaev, R. (2022). Renewable energy and CO2 emissions intensity in the top carbon intense countries. Renewable Energy, 192, 507-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.137.
  • Mohsin, M., Kamran, H.W., Nawaz, M.A., Hussain, M.S., Dahri, A.S. (2021). Assessing the impact of transition from nonrenewable to renewable energy consumption on economic growth environmental nexus from developing Asian economies. Journal of Environmental Management, 284, 111999, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111999.
  • Muhammad, B., Khan, M.K., Khan, M.I. et al. (2021). Impact of foreign direct investment, natural resources, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on environmental degradation: evidence from BRICS, developing, developed and global countries. Environmental Sciences and Pollution Research, 28, 21789–21798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12084-1.
  • Ozdemir, B. K. & Koç, K. (2020). Türkiye’de karbon emisyonlari, yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyüme. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(1), 66-86. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.665191. Pope, C.A., Burnett, R.T., Thun, M.J., Calle, E.E., Krewski, D., Ito, K., Thurston, G. D. (2002). Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 287, 1132–1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.9.1132.
  • Raihan, A., Mainul Bari, A.B.M. (2024). Energy-economy-environment nexus in China: The role of renewable energies toward carbon neutrality. Innovation and Green Development, 3(3).1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.igd.2024.100139.
  • Ren, Y., Mo, Y., You, W. (2024). Economic complexity, CO2 emissions, and the mediating roles of energy structure and energy efficiency: a spatial panel analysis. Applied Economics, 57(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2024.2302930.
  • Salari, M., Kelly, I., Doytch, N., Javid, R. J. (2021). Economic growth and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption: Evidence from the U.S. states. Renewable Energy, 178, 50-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.06.016.
  • Sebestyén, V. (2021). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews: Environmental impact networks of renewable energy power plants, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,151,111626, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111626.
  • Soukiazis, E., Proenca, S., Cerqueiraa, P.A. (2019). The interconnections between renewable energy, economic development and environmental pollution. The Energy Journal, 40(4), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.40.4.esou.
  • Sun, R. & Gu, D. (2008). Air pollution, economic development of communities, and health status among the elderly in urban China. American Journal of Epidemiology, 168(11), 1311–1318, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwn260.
  • Şahin, G. (2022). Yüksek Hava Kirliliği Yaşanan Ülkelerde Doğumda Yaşam Beklentisi ve Çevresel Bozulma Bağlantısı. Ekonomi Politika Ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(3), 758-783. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1135846.
  • World Bank Group. (2016). The Cost of Air Pollution: Strengthening the Economic Case for Action; World Bank: Washington, DC, USA.
  • Qiu, G., Song, R., & He, S. (2019). The aggravation of urban air quality deterioration due to urbanization, transportation and economic development–panel models with marginal effect analyses across China. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 1114-1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.219.
  • Osuntuyi, B.V. & Lean, H. H. (2022). Economic growth, energy consumption and environmental degradation nexus in heterogeneous countries: Does education matter?. Environmental Sciences Europe, 34(48), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00624-0
  • ul-Haq, Z., Mehmood, U., Tariq, S., Mariam, A. (2023). Defining the role of renewable energy, economic growth, globalization, energy consumption, and population growth on PM2.5 concentration: evidence from South Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 40008–40017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-25046-6.
  • Yi, Y., Geng, Y., Wu, J., Liu. Y. (2024). Impact of air pollution on urbanization: evidence at China’s city level, Chinese Journal of Population. Resources and Environment, 22(3), 268-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2024.09.006.
  • Zeng, j., Liu, T., Feiock, R., Li, F. (2019). The impacts of China's provincial energy policies on major air pollutants: a spatial econometric analysis. Energy Policy, 132, 392-403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.05.052.
  • Zhang, G., Jia, Y., Su, B., Xiu, J. (2021). Environmental regulation, economic development and air pollution in the cities of China: Spatial econometric analysis based on policy scoring and satellite data. Journal of Cleaner Production, 328, 129496, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129496.
  • Zhang, X., Han, L., Wei, H., Tan, X., Zhou, W., Li, W., Qian, Y. (2022). Linking urbanization and air quality together: A review and a perspective on the future sustainable urban development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 346, 130988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130988
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CAUSAL MECHANISM OF RENEWABLE ENERGY, AIR QUALITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 569 - 586, 30.06.2025

Tuğçe Acar Kara

https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1627587

Abstract

Environmental processes, development and sustainability are threatened by the impact of air pollutants on global climate change. On the other hand, the impact of renewable energy use on emission reduction policies is attracting increasing attention worldwide. It has also become a critical challenge for countries to use appropriate energy sources, which cause less environmental problems, to improve economic growth. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the causal relationship between air quality, economic growth and renewable energy consumption. To this end, a panel causality analysis was conducted for 38 OECD countries between 1990 and 2020, taking into account the availability of data sets and variables. According to the results obtained from the analysis, it was concluded that the variable GDP per capita is the cause of the environmental performance indicator PM2.5 variable expressing air quality, that there is a reciprocal causality relationship between renewable energy consumption and the variable GDP per capita and, finally, that renewable energy consumption is the cause of the variable PM2.5 and the results obtained were evaluated accordingly.

Keywords

Economic development environmental sustainability panel data econometrics

References

  • Acheampong, A.O. & Opoku, E.E.O. (2023). Environmental degradation and economic growth: Investigating linkages and potential pathways. Energy Economics, 123, 106734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106734.
  • Adebayo, T. S. (2022). Renewable energy consumption and environmental sustainability in Canada: Does political stability make a difference?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 61307–61322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20008-4.
  • Adedapo, A. T., Akadiri, S. S., Adebayo, T. S. & Usman, N. (2022). Does interaction between technological innovation and natural resource rent impact environmental degradation in newly industrialized countries? New evidence from method of moments quantile regression. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(2), 3162-3169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17631-y.
  • Ahmed, M. M., Shimada, K. (2019). The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Sustainable Economic Development: Evidence from Emerging and Developing Economies. Energies, 12(15), 2954. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152954.
  • Atay Polat, M., Ergün, S. (2023). Türkiye’de Çevresel Düzenlemeler ve Ekonomik Büyümenin Hava Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkileri: Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Verimlilik Dergisi,113-126. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1059047.
  • Bashir, M. F., Pata, U.K., Shahzad, L. (2025). Linking climate change, energy transition and renewable energy investments to combat energy security risks: Evidence from top energy consuming economies, Energy, 314,134175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.134175.
  • Bilgili, F., Koçak, E., Bulut, Ü. (2016). The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions: A revisited environmental Kuznets curve approach. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 838–845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.080.
  • Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Sinha, A., Driha, O.M., Mubarik, M.S. (2021). Assessing the impacts of ageing and natural resource extraction on carbon emissions: a proposed policy framework for European economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 296, 126470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126470.
  • Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S.R., Ozturk, I., Bhattacharya, S. (2016). The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries. Applied Energy, 162, 733-741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.104.
  • Budun, F. (2024). Sağlık Harcamalarının Büyüme ve Hava Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: D-8 Ülkelerinin Analizi. Journal of Economics and Political Sciences, 4(2), 78-89.
  • Cai, Y., Yan Sam, C., Chang, T. (2018). Nexus between clean energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 1001-1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.035.
  • Chien, F. (2022). How renewable energy and non-renewable energy affect environmental excellence in N-11 economies?. Renewable Energy, 196, 526-534, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.07.013.
  • Chen, ZY., Petetin, H., Méndez Turrubiates, R.F. et al. (2024). Population exposure to multiple air pollutants and its compound episodes in Europe. Nature Communications, 15, 2094. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46103-3.
  • Cheng, Y., Sinha, A., Ghosh, V., Sengupta, T., Luo, H. (2021). Carbon tax and energy innovation at crossroads of carbon neutrality: designing a sustainable decarbonization policy. Journal ofEnvironmentalManagement,294,112957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112957.
  • Dilanchiev, A., Sharif, A., Ayad, H., Nuta, A. C. (2024). The interaction between remittance, FDI, renewable energy, and environmental quality: a panel data analysis for the top remittance-receiving countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31, 14912–14926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32150-2.
  • Dumitrescu, E.I., Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4). 1450-1460.
  • Grossman, M.G. & Krueger, A.B. (1995). Economic growth and the environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 5, 353–377. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118443.
  • Hanif, I. (2018). Impact of economic growth, nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption, and urbanization on carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Sciences Pollution Research, 25, 15057–15067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1753-4.
  • Hashmi S.H, Hongzhong, F., Fareed. Z., Bannya. R. (2020). Testing nonlinear nexus between service sector and CO2 emissions in Pakistan. Energies, 13(3), 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030526.
  • Jiang, M., Kim, E., Woo, Y. (2020). The Relationship between Economic Growth and Air Pollution—A Regional Comparison between China and South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082761.
  • Lee, C., Zhang, J., Hou, S. (2023). The impact of regional renewable energy development on environmental sustainability in China. Resources Policy, 80, 103245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103245.
  • Lohwasser, J., Bolognesi, T., Schaffer, A. (2025). Impacts of population, affluence and urbanization on local air pollution and land transformation: A regional STIRPAT analysis for German districts, Ecological Economics, 227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108416.
  • Maddala G. S. & Wu, S. (1999). A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and New Simple Test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, 631-652. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.0610s1631.
  • Magazzino, C., Toma, P., Fusco, G., Valente, D., Petrosillo. I. (2022). Renewable energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth: the greener the richer?. Ecological Indicators, 139, 108912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108912.
  • Majeed A, Ye C, Chenyun Y, Wei X, Muniba. (2022). Roles of natural resources, globalization, and technological innovations in mitigation of environmental degradation in BRI economies. PLoS ONE, 17(6): e0265755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265755.
  • Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Front. Public Health, 8,1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014.
  • McConnell, K.E. (1997). Income and the demand for environmental quality. Environment and Development Economics, 2, 383–399. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X9700020X.
  • Miao, Y., Razzaq, A., Adebayo, T.S., Awosusi, A.A. (2022). Do renewable energy consumption and financial globalisation contribute to ecological sustainability in newly industrialized countries?. Renewable Energy, 187, 688-697.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.01.073
  • Mirziyoyeva, Z. & Salahodjaev, R. (2022). Renewable energy and CO2 emissions intensity in the top carbon intense countries. Renewable Energy, 192, 507-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.137.
  • Mohsin, M., Kamran, H.W., Nawaz, M.A., Hussain, M.S., Dahri, A.S. (2021). Assessing the impact of transition from nonrenewable to renewable energy consumption on economic growth environmental nexus from developing Asian economies. Journal of Environmental Management, 284, 111999, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111999.
  • Muhammad, B., Khan, M.K., Khan, M.I. et al. (2021). Impact of foreign direct investment, natural resources, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on environmental degradation: evidence from BRICS, developing, developed and global countries. Environmental Sciences and Pollution Research, 28, 21789–21798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12084-1.
  • Ozdemir, B. K. & Koç, K. (2020). Türkiye’de karbon emisyonlari, yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyüme. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(1), 66-86. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.665191. Pope, C.A., Burnett, R.T., Thun, M.J., Calle, E.E., Krewski, D., Ito, K., Thurston, G. D. (2002). Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 287, 1132–1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.9.1132.
  • Raihan, A., Mainul Bari, A.B.M. (2024). Energy-economy-environment nexus in China: The role of renewable energies toward carbon neutrality. Innovation and Green Development, 3(3).1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.igd.2024.100139.
  • Ren, Y., Mo, Y., You, W. (2024). Economic complexity, CO2 emissions, and the mediating roles of energy structure and energy efficiency: a spatial panel analysis. Applied Economics, 57(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2024.2302930.
  • Salari, M., Kelly, I., Doytch, N., Javid, R. J. (2021). Economic growth and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption: Evidence from the U.S. states. Renewable Energy, 178, 50-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.06.016.
  • Sebestyén, V. (2021). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews: Environmental impact networks of renewable energy power plants, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,151,111626, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111626.
  • Soukiazis, E., Proenca, S., Cerqueiraa, P.A. (2019). The interconnections between renewable energy, economic development and environmental pollution. The Energy Journal, 40(4), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.40.4.esou.
  • Sun, R. & Gu, D. (2008). Air pollution, economic development of communities, and health status among the elderly in urban China. American Journal of Epidemiology, 168(11), 1311–1318, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwn260.
  • Şahin, G. (2022). Yüksek Hava Kirliliği Yaşanan Ülkelerde Doğumda Yaşam Beklentisi ve Çevresel Bozulma Bağlantısı. Ekonomi Politika Ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(3), 758-783. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1135846.
  • World Bank Group. (2016). The Cost of Air Pollution: Strengthening the Economic Case for Action; World Bank: Washington, DC, USA.
  • Qiu, G., Song, R., & He, S. (2019). The aggravation of urban air quality deterioration due to urbanization, transportation and economic development–panel models with marginal effect analyses across China. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 1114-1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.219.
  • Osuntuyi, B.V. & Lean, H. H. (2022). Economic growth, energy consumption and environmental degradation nexus in heterogeneous countries: Does education matter?. Environmental Sciences Europe, 34(48), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00624-0
  • ul-Haq, Z., Mehmood, U., Tariq, S., Mariam, A. (2023). Defining the role of renewable energy, economic growth, globalization, energy consumption, and population growth on PM2.5 concentration: evidence from South Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 40008–40017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-25046-6.
  • Yi, Y., Geng, Y., Wu, J., Liu. Y. (2024). Impact of air pollution on urbanization: evidence at China’s city level, Chinese Journal of Population. Resources and Environment, 22(3), 268-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2024.09.006.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Econometrics (Other), Environmental Economy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tuğçe Acar Kara 0000-0001-9223-0089

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date January 27, 2025
Acceptance Date March 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Acar Kara, T. (2025). CAUSAL MECHANISM OF RENEWABLE ENERGY, AIR QUALITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(2), 569-586. https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1627587
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