Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphism, total antioxidant status, and blood pressure changes in androgenic alopecia
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the relationship of glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphism with total antioxidant capacity and blood pressure changes in patients with androgenic alopecia.
Methods: Hamilton-Norwood classification was used for the diagnosis and staging of androgenic alopecia (AGA), and all individuals were evaluated by the same physician. Family history of AGA was questioned; body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, blood pressure (BP) levels, total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms were evaluated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) methods were used to detect GST polymorphisms. Blood pressure of the patients was measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Results: The study included 43 male patients with a mean age of 35.09 ± 10.51 years and 90.6% of the individuals had a family history of AGA. When TOS, TAS, 24-hour BP measurement results (systolic-diastolic BP values) and dipper/nondipper BP status were compared according to GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 I105V, GSTP1 A114V genotypes, the difference was not significant. However, TOS levels were higher in individuals with GSTP1 A114V heterozygous genotype (polymorphism detected) compared to individuals with the normal genotype. In addition, TAS was lower in individuals with GSTT1 null genotype (deletion in both alleles) compared to individuals with GSTT1 gene. Although the difference was not statistically significant, a positive correlation was observed between androgenic alopecia stages and the oxidative stress index (r=0.14).
Conclusion: GST gene polymorphisms may be associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased total antioxidant capacity in patients with androgenic alopecia. Moreover, oxidative stress appears to increase with the progression of AGA stage.
Keywords
Androgenetic alopecia blood pressure glutathione S-transferase oxidative stress polymorphism
Ethical Statement
Ethic approval was granted by the Cumhuriyet University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (2013-06/04).
Supporting Institution
Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit
Project Number
T-591
References
- Ntshingila S, Oputu O, Arowolo AT, Khumalo NP. Androgenetic alopecia: An update. JAAD Int. 2023;13:150-8.
- Oiwoh SO, Enitan AO, Adegbosin OT, Akinboro AO, Onayemi EO. Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2024;31(2):85-92.
- Prie BE, Iosif L, Tivig I, Stoian I, Giurcaneanu C. Oxidative stress in androgenetic alopecia. J Med Life. 2016;9(1):79-83.
- Danesh-Shakiba M, Poorolajal J, Alirezaei P. Androgenetic Alopecia: Relationship to Anthropometric Indices, Blood Pressure and Life-Style Habits. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020;13:137-43.
- Ahouansou S, Le Toumelin P, Crickx B, Descamps V. Association of androgenetic alopecia and hypertension. Eur J Dermatol. 2007;17(3):220-2.
- Vayá A, Sarnago A, Ricart JM, López V, Martínez-Triguero ML, Laiz B. Inflammatory markers and Lp(a) levels as cardiovascular risk factors in androgenetic alopecia. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2015;61(3):471-7.
- Henne SK, Nöthen MM, Heilmann-Heimbach S. Male-pattern hair loss: Comprehensive identification of the associated genes as a basis for understanding pathophysiology. Med Genet. 2023;35(1):3-14.
- Cilingir O, Saracoglu Z, Durak Aras B, et al. Glutathione S-Transferases M1/T1 and P1 Polymorphisms in Patients with Alopecia Areata. IJRSMHS. 2018;3(2):20-27.
- Tang JJ, Wang MW, Jia EZ, et al. The common variant in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes is related to markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease: a case-only study. Mol Biol Rep. 2010;37(1):405-10.
- Maciel SS, Pereira Ada C, Silva GJ, Rodrigues MV, Mill JG, Krieger JE. Association between glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Atherosclerosis. 2009;206(1):204-8.
- Elofey SGH, Shafik NF, Radwan NH, et al. Relation between GSTP1 polymorphism and oxidative stress in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2020;32(1):38.
- Toruan EWL, Simanungkalit R, Yosi A. Differences of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Enzyme Levels Based on the Severity of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men. IJSRP. 2020;10(1):9734.
- Upton JH, Hannen RF, Bahta AW, Farjo N, Farjo B, Philpott MP. Oxidative stress-associated senescence in dermal papilla cells of men with androgenetic alopecia. J Invest Dermatol. 2015;135(5):1244-52.
- Tantawy M, Khabir AA, Mahsoub N, Zohdy M. Serum Paroxonase 1 level may be an Indicator and Predictor of the Severity of Androgenetic Alopecia. Int J Trichology. 2021;13(6):26-31.
- Ibrahim Y, Hamed A, Saeed A, Abd El Khalik G, Behiry E. Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients. Benha J Appl Sci. 2023;8(12):105-10.
- Lolli F, Pallotti F, Rossi A, et al. Androgenetic alopecia: a review. Endocrine. 2017;57(1):9-17.
- Heilmann S, Kiefer AK, Fricker N, et al. Androgenetic alopecia: identification of four genetic risk loci and evidence for the contribution of WNT signaling to its etiology. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(6):1489-96.
- Hamilton JB. Patterned loss of hair in man: types and incidence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1951;53(3):708-28.
- Bergfeld WF. Androgenetic alopecia: an autosomal dominant disorder. Am J Med. 1995;98(1a):95-8.
- Hatemi H, Yumuk VD, Turan N, Arik N. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Turkey. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2003;1(4):285-90.
- Institute TS. Turkey Health Survey 2022 [Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Health-Survey-2022-49747&dil=2.
Androjenik alopeside glutatyon S-transferaz gen polimorfizmi, total antioksidan kapasite ve kan basıncı değişiklikleri
Abstract
Amaç: Androjenik alopesi hastalarında glutatyon S-transferaz gen polimorfizminin total antioksidan kapasite ve kan basıncı değişiklikleri ile ilişkisini araştırmak.
Yöntemler: Androjenik alopesi (AGA) tanısı ve evrelemesi için Hamilton-Norwood sınıflaması kullanıldı ve tüm bireyler aynı doktor tarafından değerlendirildi. Ailede AGA öyküsü sorgulandı; vücut kitle indeksi, lipid profili, kan basıncı düzeyleri, total oksidatif stres (TOS), total antioksidan kapasite (TAS) ve glutatyon S-transferaz (GST) gen polimorfizmleri değerlendirildi. GST polimorfizmlerini saptamak için polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ve Restriksiyon Fragman Uzunluk Polimorfizmi (RFLP) yöntemleri kullanıldı. Hastaların kan basıncı 24 saatlik ambulatuvar kan basıncı takibi ile ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 35.09 ± 10.51 yıl olan 43 erkek hasta dahil edilmiş olup, bireylerin %90.6’sında ailede AGA öyküsü bulunmaktadır. TOS, TAS, 24 saatlik kan basıncı ölçüm sonuçları (sistolik-diyastolik KB değerleri) ve dipper/nondipper KB durumu GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 I105V, GSTP1 A114V genotiplerine göre karşılaştırıldığında fark anlamlı değildi. Ancak, GSTP1 A114V heterozigot genotipine (polimorfizm tespit edilen) sahip bireylerde TOS seviyeleri normal genotipe sahip bireylere kıyasla daha yüksekti. Ayrıca, GSTT1 null genotipine (her iki alelde delesyon) sahip bireylerde TAS, GSTT1 genine sahip bireylere kıyasla daha düşüktü. Androjenik alopesi evreleri oksidatif stres indeksi açısından karşılaştırıldığında, fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmasa da pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur (r=0,14).
Sonuç: Bulgular, GST gen polimorfizmlerinin androjenik alopesi hastalarında artmış oksidatif stres ve azalmış total antioksidan kapasite ile ilişkili olabileceğini; ayrıca, AGA evresinin ilerlemesiyle oksidatif stres düzeylerinin de artış gösterebileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Project Number
T-591
References
- Ntshingila S, Oputu O, Arowolo AT, Khumalo NP. Androgenetic alopecia: An update. JAAD Int. 2023;13:150-8.
- Oiwoh SO, Enitan AO, Adegbosin OT, Akinboro AO, Onayemi EO. Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2024;31(2):85-92.
- Prie BE, Iosif L, Tivig I, Stoian I, Giurcaneanu C. Oxidative stress in androgenetic alopecia. J Med Life. 2016;9(1):79-83.
- Danesh-Shakiba M, Poorolajal J, Alirezaei P. Androgenetic Alopecia: Relationship to Anthropometric Indices, Blood Pressure and Life-Style Habits. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020;13:137-43.
- Ahouansou S, Le Toumelin P, Crickx B, Descamps V. Association of androgenetic alopecia and hypertension. Eur J Dermatol. 2007;17(3):220-2.
- Vayá A, Sarnago A, Ricart JM, López V, Martínez-Triguero ML, Laiz B. Inflammatory markers and Lp(a) levels as cardiovascular risk factors in androgenetic alopecia. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2015;61(3):471-7.
- Henne SK, Nöthen MM, Heilmann-Heimbach S. Male-pattern hair loss: Comprehensive identification of the associated genes as a basis for understanding pathophysiology. Med Genet. 2023;35(1):3-14.
- Cilingir O, Saracoglu Z, Durak Aras B, et al. Glutathione S-Transferases M1/T1 and P1 Polymorphisms in Patients with Alopecia Areata. IJRSMHS. 2018;3(2):20-27.
- Tang JJ, Wang MW, Jia EZ, et al. The common variant in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes is related to markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease: a case-only study. Mol Biol Rep. 2010;37(1):405-10.
- Maciel SS, Pereira Ada C, Silva GJ, Rodrigues MV, Mill JG, Krieger JE. Association between glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Atherosclerosis. 2009;206(1):204-8.
- Elofey SGH, Shafik NF, Radwan NH, et al. Relation between GSTP1 polymorphism and oxidative stress in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2020;32(1):38.
- Toruan EWL, Simanungkalit R, Yosi A. Differences of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Enzyme Levels Based on the Severity of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men. IJSRP. 2020;10(1):9734.
- Upton JH, Hannen RF, Bahta AW, Farjo N, Farjo B, Philpott MP. Oxidative stress-associated senescence in dermal papilla cells of men with androgenetic alopecia. J Invest Dermatol. 2015;135(5):1244-52.
- Tantawy M, Khabir AA, Mahsoub N, Zohdy M. Serum Paroxonase 1 level may be an Indicator and Predictor of the Severity of Androgenetic Alopecia. Int J Trichology. 2021;13(6):26-31.
- Ibrahim Y, Hamed A, Saeed A, Abd El Khalik G, Behiry E. Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients. Benha J Appl Sci. 2023;8(12):105-10.
- Lolli F, Pallotti F, Rossi A, et al. Androgenetic alopecia: a review. Endocrine. 2017;57(1):9-17.
- Heilmann S, Kiefer AK, Fricker N, et al. Androgenetic alopecia: identification of four genetic risk loci and evidence for the contribution of WNT signaling to its etiology. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(6):1489-96.
- Hamilton JB. Patterned loss of hair in man: types and incidence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1951;53(3):708-28.
- Bergfeld WF. Androgenetic alopecia: an autosomal dominant disorder. Am J Med. 1995;98(1a):95-8.
- Hatemi H, Yumuk VD, Turan N, Arik N. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Turkey. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2003;1(4):285-90.
- Institute TS. Turkey Health Survey 2022 [Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Health-Survey-2022-49747&dil=2.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Internal Diseases |
| Journal Section | ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | T-591 |
| Publication Date | May 29, 2025 |
| Submission Date | April 10, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | April 30, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 30 Issue: 2 |
This Journal licensed under a CC BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0) International License.