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Hipnozun Ötesi: Hayvanlar Dünyasında Zihin Kontrolü

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 11 - 20, 30.06.2025

Yavuzkan Paksoy , Duygu Arslan

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı insanlarda terapi metodu olarak kullanılan hipnoz uygulamasının hayvanlarda uygulanabilirliğini araştırmaktır. Hipnoz, kişinin dikkatinin ve odak noktasının çevresinden ayrıştığı, duygular ve biliş gibi iç deneyimlere yöneldiği uyanık farkındalık durumu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Hipnotist adı verilen uzman kişilerin telkinlerine uyarak etkileşim sağlanır. Hipnoz kelimesi antik yunanda uyku manasına gelse de aslında uyku hali olmadığı bilinmektedir. İnsanlara uygulanan hipnoz yöntemleri eski çağlardan beri çeşitli hayvanlar üzerinde denenmiştir. Yurtiçi ve yurtdışında yayınlanmış kapsamlı makale taraması yapılarak konu titizlikle ele alınmıştır. Hayvanlarda tonik hareketsizlik adı verilen, mekanizma olarak hipnoza benzemeyen fakat görsel açıdan hipnoz benzeri durumların görüldüğü bir olgunun varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum av konumundaki hayvanlar tarafından anti-avcı stratejisi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, hayvanlarda insanlardaki gibi hafızalarına hükmedilen hipnoz uygulaması yapılamasa da fiziksel müdahalelerle tonik hareketsizlik adı verilen ölü taklidi yapma davranışı meydana getirilmektedir.

Keywords

Hipnoz Hayvanlar Davranış Refah

References

  • Aloisi, A., Panerai, A.E., & Carli, G. (1995). Effects of an anti-β-endorphin serum on tonic immobility in rabbits. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 51(4): 577-579. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(94)00370-x.
  • Arıkdal, E. (2012). Manyetizma, hipnotizma ve telkin. https://web.archive.org/web/20121210221922/http://adriantannock.com/what-is-hypnosis/
  • Barber, J. (Ed.). (1996). Hypnosis and suggestion in the treatment of pain: A clinical guide. American psychological association W. W. Norton & Company. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-97935-005
  • Başkak, M. (2009). Derin Sıçrayış Hipnoz: Davranış Değiştirmenin Hipnotik İlkeleri. ISBN: 9786055649005.
  • Bennett, O. (2004). How to tickle a trout. The Independent. http://findarticles.com/p/page?sb=articles_linkToArticle&tb=art&mi=qn4159&is=20041024&ai=n12762769
  • Borchelt, P.L., & Ratner, S.C. (1973). Development of freezing and immobility, predator defenses, in the bobwhite quail. Behavioral Biology, 8(1): 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6773(73)80009-4
  • Brian, M. (2007). Story of the Virgin Soldier (Trout Tickling). Accessed on: 16.01.2007
  • Carli, G. (1974). Blood pressure and heart rate in the rabbit during animal hypnosis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 37(3): 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(74)90026-1
  • Carli, G. (1978). Animal Hypnosis and Pain. Hypnosis at its Bicentennial, Chapter, 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2859-9_6
  • Carli, G., & Farabollini, F. (2022). Environmental, ecological and methodological factors of tonic immobility (TI) modulation. Progress in Brain Research, 271(1): 101-132.. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.005
  • Castiglioni, J.A., Russell, M.I., Setlow, B., Young, K.A., Welsh, J.C., & Steele-Russell, I. (2009). An animal model of hypnotic pain attenuation. Behavioural Brain Research, 197,1, 198-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2008.08.020
  • Ceyhan, D., & Tasa Yiğit, T. (2013). Tıbbi Tedavilerde Hipnoz Uygulamalarının Kullanımı ve Etkinliği. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2): 1507 – 1516.
  • Dyer, B. (2017). Can you hypnotize a cat? Quora. https://www.quora.com/Can-you-hypnotize-a-cat
  • Edson, P.H., & Gallup, G.G. (1972). Tonic immobility as a fear response in lizards anolis carolinensis. Psychonomic Science, Motivation, 26, 27-28. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03337874
  • Engber, D. (2014). Ask anything: can you hypnotize an animal?. Accessed: 21.02.2014. https://www.popsci.com/article/science/ask-anything-can-you-hypnotize-animal/
  • Fraser, A.F. (1960). Spontaneously occurring form of “tonic immobility” in farm animals. Can., Canadian Journal of Comperative Medicine and Veterinary Science, 24(11): 330-3.
  • Gallup, G.G., JR., Nash, R.F., Potter, R.J., & Donegan, N.H. (1970). Effect of varying conditions of fear on immobility reactions in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 73: 442–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030227
  • Gallup, G.G., JR., Creekmore, H.S., & Hill, W.E. (1970). Shock-enhanced immobility reactions in chickens: support for the fear hypotesis. The Psyhological Record, 20, 243-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03393937
  • Hansen, L.S., Gonzales, S.F., Toft, S., & Bilde, T. (2008). “Thanatosis as an adaptive male mating strategy in the nuptial gift–giving spider Pisaura mirabilis. Behavioral Ecology. 19(3): 546–551. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arm165
  • Henningsen, A.D. (1994). Tonic immobility in 12 elasmobranchs: use as an aid in captive husbandry. Zoo Biology 13: 325-332 https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430130406
  • Humphreys, R.K., & Ruxton, G.D.A. (2018). "A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 72(2): 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-017-2436-8
  • Hypnotic World (2000). Experimental Animal Hypnosis. Experimental Hypnosis. www.hypnoticworld.com.
  • Jones, R.B. (1987). Fearfulness of caged laying hens: The effects of cage level and type of roofing. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 17: 171-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(87)90018-9
  • Klemm, W.R. (1966). Electroencephalographic-behavioral dissociations during animal hypnosis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 21(4): 365-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(66)90042-3
  • Klemm, W.R. (1976). Use of the immobility reflex (“animal hypnosis”) in neuropharmacological studies. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 4(1): 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(76)90179-9.
  • Klemm, W.R. (1976). Identity of sensory and motor systems that are critical to the immobility reflex (“animal hypnosis”). Journal of Neuroscience Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394438
  • Lalonde, R., & Strazielle, C. (2022). Neurochemical anatomy of dorsal and tonic immobility responses. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 213, 173334. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173334.
  • Lee, J.S., & Pyun, Y.D. (2012). Use of Hypnosis in the Treatment of Pain. Korean J Pain, 4; 25(2): 75–80. doi: 10.3344/kjp.2012.25.2.75.
  • Lowe, R. (2024). Hypnosis in animals – what’s the evidence? https://vethelpdirect.com/vetblog/2024/01/31/hypnosis-in-animals-whats-the-evidence/
  • Lowrie, M., Smith, P.M., Dekeuster, T., & Garosi, L. (2015). Short communication: Trance-like syndrome in bull terriers. The Veterinary Record.:10.1136/vr.103239
  • Lynn, S. J., & Kirsch, I. (2006). Essentials of clinical hypnosis: An evidence-based approach. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11365-000.
  • Muir, W.W., & Hubbell, J.A.E. (2012). Pain and pain management, fluid therapy, and monitoring anesthetized animals. Handbook of Veterinary Anesthesia, 8.
  • Nash, R.F., Gallup G.G. JR., & McLure, M.K. (1970). The immobility reaction in leopard frogs. As a Function of Noise-Induced. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03331860
  • Özakkaş, T., Sezgin, B., & Özen, E. (2020). Hipnozun Klinikte Kullanımı Hipnoterapi. Psikoterapi Enstitüsü Eğitim Yayınları: 283, 33.
  • Özgök, A. (2013). Hypnosis and anesthesia. Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Specialists’ Society, 21(1): 11-16.
  • Öztürk, A. Ö., & Öztürk, Ö. (2019). Tıbbi Hipnozun Klinik Uygulamaları. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 119-130. https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.554710
  • Peter, B. (2024). Hypnosis in psychotherapy, psychosomatics and medicine. A brief overview. Front Psychol, 15:1377900. . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377900
  • Ramey, D. (2020). The twitch (or, “you’re going to do what to my horse?”. Ramey Equine. Accessed: 28.05.2020 https://www.doctorramey.com/the-twitch-or-youre-going-to-do-what-to-my-horse/
  • Ratner, S.C., & Thompson, R.W. (1960). Immobility reactions of domestic fowl as a function of age and prior experience. Animal Behaviour, 8(3-4): 186-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(60)90025-7
  • Sakai, M. ed. (2021). Death-Feigning in Insects: Mechanism and Function of Tonic Immobility. Entomology Monographs. Singapore: Springer Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6598-8
  • Salzen, A.E. (1963). Imprinting and the immobility reactions of domestic fowl. Animal Behaviour, 11(1): 66-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(63)90011-3
  • Saral, Y.N. (2018). In Terms Of Communıcatıon Psychology Television Programs Are Used Role In Raısıng Awareness. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Radyo Televizyon Sinema Anabilim Dalı Doktora Programı, Doktora Tezi.
  • Scott, G.B., & Moran, P. (1993). Fear levels in laying hens carried by hand and by mechanical conveyors. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 36: 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(93)90131-8
  • Souza de Silva, L.F., & Menescal-de-Oliveira, L. (2007). Role of opioidergic and GABAergic neurotransmission of the nucleus raphe magnus in the modulation of tonic immobility in quinea pigs. Brain Research Bulletin, 72, 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.12.005
  • Uçkun, B. (2014). Hayvan Hipnozu. Hayvanlar Hipnotize Edilebilir mi? https://hypnotistanbul.com/hayvan-hipnozu/
  • Vestal, B.M. (1975). Development of the immobility response (animal hypnosis) in two species of deermice (Peromyscus). Animal Learning & Behavior, 3(1): 11-15. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209091
  • Zamudio, S.R., Quevedo-Corona, L., Garcés, L., & De La Cruz, F. (2009). The effect of acute corticosterone administration on the immobility response in rats. Brain Research Bulletin, 80, 331-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.09.005

Beyond Hypnosis: Mind Control in the World of Animals

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 11 - 20, 30.06.2025

Yavuzkan Paksoy , Duygu Arslan

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine whether hypnosis, a therapeutic technique utilized on people, can be applied to animals. A state of awake awareness known as hypnosis occurs when a person's focus and attention are diverted from their surroundings and directed toward internal experiences like emotions and thought processes. By heeding the advice of professionals known as hypnotists, interaction is accomplished. In ancient Greece, the word "hypnosis" meant "sleep," although it is now understood that this is not the case. Since ancient times, hypnosis techniques used on humans have been tested on a variety of animals. Through a thorough analysis of articles published both domestically and internationally, the topic has been painstakingly investigated. Although the mechanism underlying tonic immobility in animals is different from that of hypnosis, visually hypnosis-like states have been found. Prey animals use this state as a defense mechanism against predators. Therefore, physical treatments can be used to produce tonic immobility, or the habit of seeming to be dead, even though hypnosis cannot be used to manipulate an animal's memory like it does in people.

Keywords

Hypnosis Animals Behavior Welfare

References

  • Aloisi, A., Panerai, A.E., & Carli, G. (1995). Effects of an anti-β-endorphin serum on tonic immobility in rabbits. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 51(4): 577-579. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(94)00370-x.
  • Arıkdal, E. (2012). Manyetizma, hipnotizma ve telkin. https://web.archive.org/web/20121210221922/http://adriantannock.com/what-is-hypnosis/
  • Barber, J. (Ed.). (1996). Hypnosis and suggestion in the treatment of pain: A clinical guide. American psychological association W. W. Norton & Company. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-97935-005
  • Başkak, M. (2009). Derin Sıçrayış Hipnoz: Davranış Değiştirmenin Hipnotik İlkeleri. ISBN: 9786055649005.
  • Bennett, O. (2004). How to tickle a trout. The Independent. http://findarticles.com/p/page?sb=articles_linkToArticle&tb=art&mi=qn4159&is=20041024&ai=n12762769
  • Borchelt, P.L., & Ratner, S.C. (1973). Development of freezing and immobility, predator defenses, in the bobwhite quail. Behavioral Biology, 8(1): 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6773(73)80009-4
  • Brian, M. (2007). Story of the Virgin Soldier (Trout Tickling). Accessed on: 16.01.2007
  • Carli, G. (1974). Blood pressure and heart rate in the rabbit during animal hypnosis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 37(3): 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(74)90026-1
  • Carli, G. (1978). Animal Hypnosis and Pain. Hypnosis at its Bicentennial, Chapter, 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2859-9_6
  • Carli, G., & Farabollini, F. (2022). Environmental, ecological and methodological factors of tonic immobility (TI) modulation. Progress in Brain Research, 271(1): 101-132.. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.005
  • Castiglioni, J.A., Russell, M.I., Setlow, B., Young, K.A., Welsh, J.C., & Steele-Russell, I. (2009). An animal model of hypnotic pain attenuation. Behavioural Brain Research, 197,1, 198-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2008.08.020
  • Ceyhan, D., & Tasa Yiğit, T. (2013). Tıbbi Tedavilerde Hipnoz Uygulamalarının Kullanımı ve Etkinliği. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2): 1507 – 1516.
  • Dyer, B. (2017). Can you hypnotize a cat? Quora. https://www.quora.com/Can-you-hypnotize-a-cat
  • Edson, P.H., & Gallup, G.G. (1972). Tonic immobility as a fear response in lizards anolis carolinensis. Psychonomic Science, Motivation, 26, 27-28. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03337874
  • Engber, D. (2014). Ask anything: can you hypnotize an animal?. Accessed: 21.02.2014. https://www.popsci.com/article/science/ask-anything-can-you-hypnotize-animal/
  • Fraser, A.F. (1960). Spontaneously occurring form of “tonic immobility” in farm animals. Can., Canadian Journal of Comperative Medicine and Veterinary Science, 24(11): 330-3.
  • Gallup, G.G., JR., Nash, R.F., Potter, R.J., & Donegan, N.H. (1970). Effect of varying conditions of fear on immobility reactions in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 73: 442–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030227
  • Gallup, G.G., JR., Creekmore, H.S., & Hill, W.E. (1970). Shock-enhanced immobility reactions in chickens: support for the fear hypotesis. The Psyhological Record, 20, 243-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03393937
  • Hansen, L.S., Gonzales, S.F., Toft, S., & Bilde, T. (2008). “Thanatosis as an adaptive male mating strategy in the nuptial gift–giving spider Pisaura mirabilis. Behavioral Ecology. 19(3): 546–551. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arm165
  • Henningsen, A.D. (1994). Tonic immobility in 12 elasmobranchs: use as an aid in captive husbandry. Zoo Biology 13: 325-332 https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430130406
  • Humphreys, R.K., & Ruxton, G.D.A. (2018). "A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 72(2): 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-017-2436-8
  • Hypnotic World (2000). Experimental Animal Hypnosis. Experimental Hypnosis. www.hypnoticworld.com.
  • Jones, R.B. (1987). Fearfulness of caged laying hens: The effects of cage level and type of roofing. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 17: 171-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(87)90018-9
  • Klemm, W.R. (1966). Electroencephalographic-behavioral dissociations during animal hypnosis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 21(4): 365-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(66)90042-3
  • Klemm, W.R. (1976). Use of the immobility reflex (“animal hypnosis”) in neuropharmacological studies. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 4(1): 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(76)90179-9.
  • Klemm, W.R. (1976). Identity of sensory and motor systems that are critical to the immobility reflex (“animal hypnosis”). Journal of Neuroscience Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394438
  • Lalonde, R., & Strazielle, C. (2022). Neurochemical anatomy of dorsal and tonic immobility responses. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 213, 173334. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173334.
  • Lee, J.S., & Pyun, Y.D. (2012). Use of Hypnosis in the Treatment of Pain. Korean J Pain, 4; 25(2): 75–80. doi: 10.3344/kjp.2012.25.2.75.
  • Lowe, R. (2024). Hypnosis in animals – what’s the evidence? https://vethelpdirect.com/vetblog/2024/01/31/hypnosis-in-animals-whats-the-evidence/
  • Lowrie, M., Smith, P.M., Dekeuster, T., & Garosi, L. (2015). Short communication: Trance-like syndrome in bull terriers. The Veterinary Record.:10.1136/vr.103239
  • Lynn, S. J., & Kirsch, I. (2006). Essentials of clinical hypnosis: An evidence-based approach. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11365-000.
  • Muir, W.W., & Hubbell, J.A.E. (2012). Pain and pain management, fluid therapy, and monitoring anesthetized animals. Handbook of Veterinary Anesthesia, 8.
  • Nash, R.F., Gallup G.G. JR., & McLure, M.K. (1970). The immobility reaction in leopard frogs. As a Function of Noise-Induced. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03331860
  • Özakkaş, T., Sezgin, B., & Özen, E. (2020). Hipnozun Klinikte Kullanımı Hipnoterapi. Psikoterapi Enstitüsü Eğitim Yayınları: 283, 33.
  • Özgök, A. (2013). Hypnosis and anesthesia. Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Specialists’ Society, 21(1): 11-16.
  • Öztürk, A. Ö., & Öztürk, Ö. (2019). Tıbbi Hipnozun Klinik Uygulamaları. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 119-130. https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.554710
  • Peter, B. (2024). Hypnosis in psychotherapy, psychosomatics and medicine. A brief overview. Front Psychol, 15:1377900. . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377900
  • Ramey, D. (2020). The twitch (or, “you’re going to do what to my horse?”. Ramey Equine. Accessed: 28.05.2020 https://www.doctorramey.com/the-twitch-or-youre-going-to-do-what-to-my-horse/
  • Ratner, S.C., & Thompson, R.W. (1960). Immobility reactions of domestic fowl as a function of age and prior experience. Animal Behaviour, 8(3-4): 186-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(60)90025-7
  • Sakai, M. ed. (2021). Death-Feigning in Insects: Mechanism and Function of Tonic Immobility. Entomology Monographs. Singapore: Springer Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6598-8
  • Salzen, A.E. (1963). Imprinting and the immobility reactions of domestic fowl. Animal Behaviour, 11(1): 66-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(63)90011-3
  • Saral, Y.N. (2018). In Terms Of Communıcatıon Psychology Television Programs Are Used Role In Raısıng Awareness. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Radyo Televizyon Sinema Anabilim Dalı Doktora Programı, Doktora Tezi.
  • Scott, G.B., & Moran, P. (1993). Fear levels in laying hens carried by hand and by mechanical conveyors. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 36: 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(93)90131-8
  • Souza de Silva, L.F., & Menescal-de-Oliveira, L. (2007). Role of opioidergic and GABAergic neurotransmission of the nucleus raphe magnus in the modulation of tonic immobility in quinea pigs. Brain Research Bulletin, 72, 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.12.005
  • Uçkun, B. (2014). Hayvan Hipnozu. Hayvanlar Hipnotize Edilebilir mi? https://hypnotistanbul.com/hayvan-hipnozu/
  • Vestal, B.M. (1975). Development of the immobility response (animal hypnosis) in two species of deermice (Peromyscus). Animal Learning & Behavior, 3(1): 11-15. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209091
  • Zamudio, S.R., Quevedo-Corona, L., Garcés, L., & De La Cruz, F. (2009). The effect of acute corticosterone administration on the immobility response in rats. Brain Research Bulletin, 80, 331-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.09.005
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Animal Science, Genetics and Biostatistics
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Yavuzkan Paksoy 0000-0002-0935-7693

Duygu Arslan 0009-0000-9803-5452

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date November 19, 2024
Acceptance Date May 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Paksoy, Y., & Arslan, D. (2025). Hipnozun Ötesi: Hayvanlar Dünyasında Zihin Kontrolü. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 11-20.