Aralama Şiddeti ve Gövde Sınıfının Dar Yapraklı Dişbudakta (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) Su Sürgünü Oluşumuna Etkisi
Abstract
Kalın çaplı ve kaliteli gövde üretimi bakımından aralama müdahaleleri silvikültür pratiğinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ancak, özellikle yapraklı türlerde, aralama müdahaleleri sonucunda gövdeler üzerinde oluşan su sürgünleri tomruk ve kerestenin değerini oldukça düşürmektedir. Bu çalışmada, aralama şiddeti ve gövde sınıfının dar yapraklı dişbudakta (Fraxinus angustifolia) su sürgünü oluşumuna etkisi araştırıldı. Çalışma, Adapazarı yöresinde bulunan ve başlangıç dikim aralığı 3x2 m (1666 fidan/ha) olan 36 yaşındaki plantasyonda gerçekleştirildi. Aralama öncesi meşcerede orta çap 31 cm, üst boy 34 m, göğüs yüzeyi 32 m2 /ha ve gövde sayısı 416 adet/ha kadardı. Çalışmada göğüs yüzeyinin %0 (kontrol), %22 (mutedil) ve %38’i (kuvvetli) çıkacak şekilde üç farklı şiddette aralama uygulandı. Müdahaleden dört yıl sonra yapılan değerlendirmede; aralama şiddeti ve gövde sınıfı (galip ve müşterek galip gövdeler) ile arama şiddeti x gövde sınıfı etkileşiminin dört yıllık su sürgünü farkına etkisi önemsiz bulundu. Son hâsılatı oluşturacak galip ve müşterek galip gövdelerde çok az sayıda (<1 adet/gövde) yeni su sürgünü oluştu. Buna göre, dar yapraklı dişbudağın aralama müdahalelerine tepki olarak su sürgünü oluşturma riskinin oldukça düşük olduğu söylenebilir. Bu özellik türde kalın çaplı ve kıymetli gövde üretimi için önemli avantaj sağlayabilir.
Keywords
References
- Bachelard EP (1969) Studies on the formation of epicormic shoots on eucalypt stem segments. Aust J Biol Sci 22: 1291-1296.
- Clatterbuck WK (1993) Are overtopped white oak good candidates for management? In: Brissette JC (ed) Proc of the 7th Bien Southern Silvicultural Conference Rs Con: 1992 November 17-19; USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep SO-93, pp 497-500.
- Clatterbuck WK (2002) Growth of a 30- year cherrybark oak plantation 6 years after thinning. In: KW Outcalt (ed) Proc of the 11th Bien Southern Silvicultural Res Con. USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep SRS-48, pp 201-208.
- Colin F, Mechergui R, Dhote JF, Fontaine F (2010) Epicormic ontogeny on Quercus petraea trunks and thinning effects quantified with the epicormic composition. Ann For Sci 67 (8), 813- 813.
- Çiçek E, Yılmaz F, Özbayram AK, Çetin B (2010) Aralamanın dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia plantasyonunun gelişimine etkisi. In: Güner S (ed) III. Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, Artvin, pp 886- 894. oxycarpa)
- Dimov LD, Stelzer E, Wharton K, Meadows JS, Chambers JL, Ribbeck K, Moser EB (2006) Effects of thinning intensity and crown class on cherrybark oak epicormic branching five years after treatments. In: Connor KF (ed) Proc of the 13th Bien Southern Silvicultural Res Con. USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep SRS-92, pp 606-610.
- Howell MP, Nix LE (2002) Early thinning in bottomland hardwoods. In: KW Outcalt (ed) Proc of the 11th Bien Southern Silvicultural Res Con. USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep SRS-48, pp 196-200.
- Kapucu F, Yavuz H, Gül AU (1999) Dişbudak meşcerelerinde hacım, bonitet endeks ve normal hâsılat tablosunun düzenlenmesi. KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Araştırma Fonu Başkanlığı, Sonuç Raporu, Proje no: 96.113.001.4, Trabzon, 46 s.
- Kerr G (1996) The effect of heavy or ‘free growth’ thinning on oak (Quercus petraea and Q. robur). Forestry 69 (4): 303-317.
- Kerr G, Harmer R (2001) Production of epicormic shoots on oak (Quercus robur): effects of frequency and time of pruning. Forestry 74 (5): 467-477.
- Kozlowski TT, Pallardy SG (1996) Physiology of woody plants. Second Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, 399 p.
- Meadows JS (1993) Logging damage to residual trees following partial cutting in green ash-sugarberry stand in the Mississippi Delta. In: AR Gillespie, GR Parker PE, Pope, G Rink (eds) Proc of the 9th Central Harwood Forest Con, USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep NC-161, pp 248-260.
- Meadows JS (1995) Epicormic branches and lumber grade of bottomland oak. In: G Lowery, D Meyer (eds) Proc of the 23rd Ann Harwood Symposium. National Association, Memphis, TN, pp 19-25. Lumber
- Meadows JS, Goelz JCG (2001) Fifth-year response to thinning in a water oak plantation in North Louisiana. Southern J of App For 25(1): 31-39.
- Meadows JS, Goelz JCG (2002) Fourth year effects of thinning on growth and epicormic branching in a red oak- sweetgum stand on a minor stream bottom site in West-Central Alabama. In: KW Outcalt (ed) Proc of the 11th Bien Southern Silvicultural Res Con. USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep SRS-48, pp 201-208.
- Meadows JS, Hodges JD (1997) Silviculture of southern bottomland hardwoods: 25 years of change. In: Meyer DA (ed) Proc, 25th Annual Hardwood Symposium. National Hardwood Lumber Association, Memphis, pp 1-16.
- Nyland RD (1996) Silviculture: concepts and applications. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., New York.
- Saatçioğlu F (1971) Orman bakımı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi, Yayın No: 1636/160, İstanbul.
- Smith HC (1977) Changes in tree density do not influence epicormic branching of yellow poplar. USDA Forest Service, Research Note NE-239, 3 p.
- Smith HC, Miller GW, Lamson NI (1994) Crop-tree release thinning in 65-year- old commercial cherry-maple stands (5-year results). USDA Forest Service, Res Pap NE-694, 11 p.
Effect of Thinning Intensity and Crown Class on Narrow-Leaved Ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) Epicormic Branching
Abstract
Thinning has an important role in silviculture practice for quality and thick stem production. But, epicormic branches decrease the value of the trunk or timber as a result of thinning, especially in broadleaved species. In this study, the effect of thinning intensity and crown class on epicormic branching were investigated in narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) plantation, Adapazarı-Turkey. The plantation was 36 years old established at 3x2 m initial spacing (1666 trees/ha). Prior the thinning mean stand diameter, top height, basal area and stem number were 31 cm, 34 m and 32 m2/ha and 416 stem/ha, respectively. Thinning intensities were removal of basal area 0% (control), 22% (moderate) and 38% (heavy). Results showed that; thinning intensity, crown class (dominant and co-dominant trees) and thinning intensity x crown class interaction had no significant effect on epicormic branching after four years of growth. Very few (<1 number per stem) new epicormic branch were formed on stems of dominant and co-dominant trees represent final crop. Consequently, narrow leaved ash has very low epicormic branching risk in reaction to thinning and this can be an advantage for species in producing thick and valuable stems.
References
- Bachelard EP (1969) Studies on the formation of epicormic shoots on eucalypt stem segments. Aust J Biol Sci 22: 1291-1296.
- Clatterbuck WK (1993) Are overtopped white oak good candidates for management? In: Brissette JC (ed) Proc of the 7th Bien Southern Silvicultural Conference Rs Con: 1992 November 17-19; USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep SO-93, pp 497-500.
- Clatterbuck WK (2002) Growth of a 30- year cherrybark oak plantation 6 years after thinning. In: KW Outcalt (ed) Proc of the 11th Bien Southern Silvicultural Res Con. USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep SRS-48, pp 201-208.
- Colin F, Mechergui R, Dhote JF, Fontaine F (2010) Epicormic ontogeny on Quercus petraea trunks and thinning effects quantified with the epicormic composition. Ann For Sci 67 (8), 813- 813.
- Çiçek E, Yılmaz F, Özbayram AK, Çetin B (2010) Aralamanın dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia plantasyonunun gelişimine etkisi. In: Güner S (ed) III. Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, Artvin, pp 886- 894. oxycarpa)
- Dimov LD, Stelzer E, Wharton K, Meadows JS, Chambers JL, Ribbeck K, Moser EB (2006) Effects of thinning intensity and crown class on cherrybark oak epicormic branching five years after treatments. In: Connor KF (ed) Proc of the 13th Bien Southern Silvicultural Res Con. USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep SRS-92, pp 606-610.
- Howell MP, Nix LE (2002) Early thinning in bottomland hardwoods. In: KW Outcalt (ed) Proc of the 11th Bien Southern Silvicultural Res Con. USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep SRS-48, pp 196-200.
- Kapucu F, Yavuz H, Gül AU (1999) Dişbudak meşcerelerinde hacım, bonitet endeks ve normal hâsılat tablosunun düzenlenmesi. KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Araştırma Fonu Başkanlığı, Sonuç Raporu, Proje no: 96.113.001.4, Trabzon, 46 s.
- Kerr G (1996) The effect of heavy or ‘free growth’ thinning on oak (Quercus petraea and Q. robur). Forestry 69 (4): 303-317.
- Kerr G, Harmer R (2001) Production of epicormic shoots on oak (Quercus robur): effects of frequency and time of pruning. Forestry 74 (5): 467-477.
- Kozlowski TT, Pallardy SG (1996) Physiology of woody plants. Second Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, 399 p.
- Meadows JS (1993) Logging damage to residual trees following partial cutting in green ash-sugarberry stand in the Mississippi Delta. In: AR Gillespie, GR Parker PE, Pope, G Rink (eds) Proc of the 9th Central Harwood Forest Con, USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep NC-161, pp 248-260.
- Meadows JS (1995) Epicormic branches and lumber grade of bottomland oak. In: G Lowery, D Meyer (eds) Proc of the 23rd Ann Harwood Symposium. National Association, Memphis, TN, pp 19-25. Lumber
- Meadows JS, Goelz JCG (2001) Fifth-year response to thinning in a water oak plantation in North Louisiana. Southern J of App For 25(1): 31-39.
- Meadows JS, Goelz JCG (2002) Fourth year effects of thinning on growth and epicormic branching in a red oak- sweetgum stand on a minor stream bottom site in West-Central Alabama. In: KW Outcalt (ed) Proc of the 11th Bien Southern Silvicultural Res Con. USDA Forest Service, Gen Tech Rep SRS-48, pp 201-208.
- Meadows JS, Hodges JD (1997) Silviculture of southern bottomland hardwoods: 25 years of change. In: Meyer DA (ed) Proc, 25th Annual Hardwood Symposium. National Hardwood Lumber Association, Memphis, pp 1-16.
- Nyland RD (1996) Silviculture: concepts and applications. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., New York.
- Saatçioğlu F (1971) Orman bakımı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi, Yayın No: 1636/160, İstanbul.
- Smith HC (1977) Changes in tree density do not influence epicormic branching of yellow poplar. USDA Forest Service, Research Note NE-239, 3 p.
- Smith HC, Miller GW, Lamson NI (1994) Crop-tree release thinning in 65-year- old commercial cherry-maple stands (5-year results). USDA Forest Service, Res Pap NE-694, 11 p.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Architecture |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 9, 2012 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2012 Volume: 13 Issue: 1 |
Cite
Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.