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Assessing effects of the quality of urban green spaces on people`s health and physical activity

Year 2019, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 36 - 46, 15.04.2019

Abdullah Akpınar

Abstract











The importance of urban green
spaces, which is accepted as an important indicator of the quality of life in
cities, is increasing day by day along with urbanization. Therefore, the
purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the quality of
urban green spaces and people’s physical activity levels and health. The data
of this study were collected in face-to-face interviews with 394 users who
actively use urban green spaces for physical activity on April 1 to May 15,
2016 in seven different urban green spaces in Aydın city center. While the
socio-economic status of participants was statistically controlled, the
relationships between the quality of urban green spaces and people`s physical
activity levels, stress levels, mental and physical health were examined. In
the regression analysis, a positive relationship between people` s physical
activity levels and close distance to urban green space from home was found. On
the other hand, there were positive relationships between people`s physical
activities and the maintenance and cleanliness of the urban green spaces.
Whereas positive relationships were found between largeness and cleanliness of
urban green spaces and less stress. In addition, a positive relationship was
found between open and visible urban green spaces and better physical health.
It was also found that the duration of physical activity was positively related
to better physical health. The results of this study suggest that urban green
spaces should be close to people`s homes in terms of their physical activities
and health. Certain quality of urban green spaces would help people to be more
physically active and healthier in terms of mental and physical health.    

Keywords

Urban green spaces Physical activity Green space quality Stress Mental and physical health

References

  • Akpınar, A. (2014). Kullanıcıların kentsel yeşil yolları kullanım sebepleri, algıları ve tercihlerinin Aydın-Koşuyolu örneğinde incelenmesi (Assessing the users` perceptions, preferences, and reasons for use of urban greenway in Aydın-Koşuyolu province). Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 64(2), 41-55. doi:10.17099/jffiu.31281
  • Akpınar, A. (2016a). How is quality of urban green spaces associated with physical activity and health? Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 16, 76–83.
  • Akpınar, A. (2016b). Factors influencing the use of urban greenways: A case study of Aydın, Turkey. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 16, 123–131.
  • Akpınar, A., & Cankurt, M. (2017). How are characteristics of urban green space related to levels of physical activity: Examining the links. Indoor and Built Environment, 26(8), 1091–1101.
  • Amorim, T. C., Azevedo, M. R., & Hallal, P. C. (2010). Physical activity levels according to physical and social environmental factors in a sample of adults livingin South Brazil. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 7(Suppl 2), S204-S212.
  • Ball, K., Bauman, A., Leslie, E., & Owen, N. (2001). Perceived Environmental Aesthetics and Convenience and Company Are Associated with Walking for Exercise among Australian Adults. Preventive Medicine, 33, 434–440.
  • Bancroft, C., Joshi, S., Rundle, A., Hutson, M., Chong, C., & Weiss, C. C. (2015). Association of proximity and density of parks and objectively measured physical activity in the United States: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.05.034
  • Barton, J., & Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 44, 3947–3955.
  • Bedimo-Rung, A. L., Mowen, A., & Cohen, D. (2005). The Significance of Parks to Physical Activity and Public Health: A Conceptual Model. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2S2), 159 –168.
  • Björk, J., Albin, M., Grahn, P., Jacobsson, H., Ardö, J., Wadbro, J., . . . Skärbäck, E. (2008). Recreational values of the natural environment in relation to neighbourhood satisfaction, physical activity, obesity and wellbeing. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 62(e2).
  • Boone-Heinonen, J., Casanova, K., Richardson, A., & Gordon-Larsen, P. (2010). Where can they play? Outdoor spaces and physical activity among adolescents in U.S. urbanized areas. Prev Med., 51(3-4), 295–298.
  • Bowler, D. E., Buyung-Ali, L. M., Knight, T. M., & Pullin, A. S. (2010). A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments. BMC Public Health, 10(456).
  • Brown, B., & Bentley, D. L. (1993). Residential burglars judge risk: the role of territoriality. J Environ Psychol, 13, 51– 61.
  • Cohen, D. A., Ashwood, J. S., Scott, M. M., Overton, A., Evenson, K. R., Staten, L. K., . . . Catellier, D. (2006). Public parks and physical activity among adolescent girls. Pediatrics, 118, e1381–e1389.
  • Cohen, D., McKenzie, T., Sehgal, A., Williamson, S., Golinelli, D., & Lurie, N. (2007). Contribution of public parks to physical activity. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 509–514.
  • Dadvand, P., Bartoll, X., Basagaña, X., Dalmau-Bueno, A., Martinez, D., Ambros, A., . . . Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2016). Green spaces and General Health: Roles of mental health status, social support, and physical activity. Environment International, 91, 161-167.
  • de Jong, K., Albin, M., Skarback, E., Grahn, P., Wadbro, J., Merlo, J., & Bjork, J. (2011). Area-aggregated assessments of perceived environmental attributes may overcome single-source bias in studies of green environments and health: Results from a cross-sectional survey in southern Sweden. Environmental Health, 10(4).
  • de Vries, S., van Dillen, S. M., Groenewegen, P. P., & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2013). Streetscape greenery and health: Stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators. Social Science & Medicine, 94, 26-33.
  • Duncan, M., & Mummery, K. (2005). Psychosocial and environmental factors associated with physical activity among city dwellers in regional Queensland. Preventive Medicine, 40, 363–372.
  • Evenson, K. R., Birnbaum, A. S., Bedimo-Rung, A. L., Sallis, J. F., Voorhees, C. C., Ring, K., & Elder, J. P. (2006). Girls’ perception of physical environmental factors and transportation: Reliability and association with physical activity and active transport to school. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 3(28).
  • Ferré, M. B., Guitart, A. O., & Ferret, M. P. (2006). Children and playgrounds in Mediterranean cities. Children's Geographies, 4(2), 173-183.
  • Foster, C., Hillsdon, M., & Thorogood, M. (2004). Environmental perceptions and walking in English adults. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 58, 924–928.
  • Francis, J., Wood, L., Knuiman, M., & Giles-Corti, B. (2012). Quality or quantity? Exploring the relationship between Public Open Space attributes and mental health in Perth, Western Australia. Social Science & Medicine, 74, 1570-1577.
  • Giles-Corti, B., Broomhall, M., Knuiman, M., Collins, C., Douglas, K. N., Lange, A., & Donovan, R. (2005). Increasing walking. How important is distance to, attractiveness, and size of public open space? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2S2), 169–176.
  • Grahn, P., & Stigsdotter, U. A. (2003). Landscape planning and stress. Urban Forestry & Urban Green, 2, 1-18.
  • Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L., Bull, F., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., & Ekelund, U. (2012). Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls,and prospects. Lancet, 380, 247–57.
  • Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., de Vries, S., & Frumkin, H. (2014). Nature and Health. Annu. Rev. Public Health, 35, 207–28.
  • Hillsdon, M., Panter, J., Foster, C., & Jones, A. (2006). The relationship between access and quality of urban green space with population physical activity. Public Health, 120(12), 1127-32.
  • İmar ve Şehircilik Dairesi Başkanlığı. (2013). Aydın Büyükşehir Belediyesi Nazım İmar Planı. Aydın Büyükşehir Belediyesi.
  • Jones, A., Hillsdon, M., & Coombes, E. (2009). Greenspace access, use, and physical activity: Understanding the effects of area deprivation. Preventive Medicine, 49, 500–505.
  • Kabisch, N., Qureshi, S., & Haase, D. (2015). Human–environment interactions in urban green spaces — A systematic review of contemporary issues and prospects for future research. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 50, 25–34.
  • Kaczynski, A. T., & Henderson, K. A. (2007). Environmental correlates of physical activity: A review of evidence about parks and recreation. Leisure Science: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 29(4), 315–354.
  • Kaczynski, A. T., Potwarka, L. R., & Saelens, B. E. (2008). Association of park size, distance and features with physical activity in neighborhood parks. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 1451–1456.
  • Kaczynski, A. T., Potwarka, L. R., Smale, B. J., & Havitz, M. E. (2009). Association of Parkland Proximity with Neighborhood and Park-based Physical Activity: Variations by Gender and Age. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 31(2), 174-191.
  • Koohsari, M. J., Mavoa, S., Villanueva, K., Sugiyama, T., Badland, H., Kaczynski, A., . . . Giles-Corti, B. (2015). Public open space, physical activity, urban design and public health: Concepts, methods and research agenda. Health & Place, 33, 75–82.
  • Lachowycz, K., & Jones, A. P. (2011). Greenspace and obesity: a systematic review of the evidence. obesity reviews, 12, e183–e189.
  • LaGrange, R., Ferraro, K., & Supancic, M. (1992). Perceived risk and fear of crime: role of social and physical incivilities. J Res Crime Delinquency, 29, 311–34.
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Kentsel yeşil alanların kalitesinin insan sağlığı ve fiziksel aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 36 - 46, 15.04.2019

Abdullah Akpınar

Abstract

Kentlerde
yaşam kalitesinin önemli bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilen kentsel yeşil
alanların önemi şehirleşmeyle birlikte her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu sebeple,
bu çalışmanın amacı kentsel yeşil alanların kalitesi ile insanların fiziksel
aktivite düzeyleri ve sağlıkları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Bu çalışmanın verileri, Aydın kent merkezinde
bulunan yedi farklı kentsel yeşil alanda, 1 Nisan-15 Mayıs 2016 tarihlerinde
kentsel yeşil alanları fiziksel aktivite için aktif olarak kullanan 394
kullanıcıyla yüz yüze bireysel görüşmeler yapılarak toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların sosyo-ekonomik durumları
istatistiki olarak kontrol edilerek çoklu regresyon analiz yöntemi ile kentsel
yeşil alanların kalitesi ile insanların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ve stres
seviyeleri, ruh ve beden sağlıkları arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çoklu
regresyon analizi sonucunda insanların fiziksel aktiviteleri ile yeşil
alanların eve yakınlığı arasında pozitif anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Diğer
taraftan, insanların fiziksel aktiviteleri ile yeşil alanların bakımlı ve temiz
olması arasında pozitif anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Yeşil alanların
büyüklüğü ve temizliğinin ise daha az stres ile, yeşil alanların açık ve
görünür olmasının da daha iyi fiziksel sağlıkla pozitif anlamlı ilişkili olduğu
bulunmuştur. Ayrıca fiziksel aktivite süresinin daha iyi fiziksel sağlık ile
pozitif anlamlı ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın sonuçları yeşil
alanların insanların fiziksel aktiviteleri ve sağlıkları açısından evlerine
yakın mesafelerde olması gerektiğini önermektedir. Belirli kalitedeki kentsel
yeşil alanların insanların fiziksel olarak daha aktif, ruh ve beden sağlığı
açısından da daha sağlıklı olmalarına katkı yapacağını göstermektedir    

Keywords

Kentsel yeşil alanlar fiziksel aktivite yeşil alan kalitesi stres ruh ve beden sağlığı

References

  • Akpınar, A. (2014). Kullanıcıların kentsel yeşil yolları kullanım sebepleri, algıları ve tercihlerinin Aydın-Koşuyolu örneğinde incelenmesi (Assessing the users` perceptions, preferences, and reasons for use of urban greenway in Aydın-Koşuyolu province). Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 64(2), 41-55. doi:10.17099/jffiu.31281
  • Akpınar, A. (2016a). How is quality of urban green spaces associated with physical activity and health? Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 16, 76–83.
  • Akpınar, A. (2016b). Factors influencing the use of urban greenways: A case study of Aydın, Turkey. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 16, 123–131.
  • Akpınar, A., & Cankurt, M. (2017). How are characteristics of urban green space related to levels of physical activity: Examining the links. Indoor and Built Environment, 26(8), 1091–1101.
  • Amorim, T. C., Azevedo, M. R., & Hallal, P. C. (2010). Physical activity levels according to physical and social environmental factors in a sample of adults livingin South Brazil. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 7(Suppl 2), S204-S212.
  • Ball, K., Bauman, A., Leslie, E., & Owen, N. (2001). Perceived Environmental Aesthetics and Convenience and Company Are Associated with Walking for Exercise among Australian Adults. Preventive Medicine, 33, 434–440.
  • Bancroft, C., Joshi, S., Rundle, A., Hutson, M., Chong, C., & Weiss, C. C. (2015). Association of proximity and density of parks and objectively measured physical activity in the United States: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.05.034
  • Barton, J., & Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 44, 3947–3955.
  • Bedimo-Rung, A. L., Mowen, A., & Cohen, D. (2005). The Significance of Parks to Physical Activity and Public Health: A Conceptual Model. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2S2), 159 –168.
  • Björk, J., Albin, M., Grahn, P., Jacobsson, H., Ardö, J., Wadbro, J., . . . Skärbäck, E. (2008). Recreational values of the natural environment in relation to neighbourhood satisfaction, physical activity, obesity and wellbeing. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 62(e2).
  • Boone-Heinonen, J., Casanova, K., Richardson, A., & Gordon-Larsen, P. (2010). Where can they play? Outdoor spaces and physical activity among adolescents in U.S. urbanized areas. Prev Med., 51(3-4), 295–298.
  • Bowler, D. E., Buyung-Ali, L. M., Knight, T. M., & Pullin, A. S. (2010). A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments. BMC Public Health, 10(456).
  • Brown, B., & Bentley, D. L. (1993). Residential burglars judge risk: the role of territoriality. J Environ Psychol, 13, 51– 61.
  • Cohen, D. A., Ashwood, J. S., Scott, M. M., Overton, A., Evenson, K. R., Staten, L. K., . . . Catellier, D. (2006). Public parks and physical activity among adolescent girls. Pediatrics, 118, e1381–e1389.
  • Cohen, D., McKenzie, T., Sehgal, A., Williamson, S., Golinelli, D., & Lurie, N. (2007). Contribution of public parks to physical activity. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 509–514.
  • Dadvand, P., Bartoll, X., Basagaña, X., Dalmau-Bueno, A., Martinez, D., Ambros, A., . . . Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2016). Green spaces and General Health: Roles of mental health status, social support, and physical activity. Environment International, 91, 161-167.
  • de Jong, K., Albin, M., Skarback, E., Grahn, P., Wadbro, J., Merlo, J., & Bjork, J. (2011). Area-aggregated assessments of perceived environmental attributes may overcome single-source bias in studies of green environments and health: Results from a cross-sectional survey in southern Sweden. Environmental Health, 10(4).
  • de Vries, S., van Dillen, S. M., Groenewegen, P. P., & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2013). Streetscape greenery and health: Stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators. Social Science & Medicine, 94, 26-33.
  • Duncan, M., & Mummery, K. (2005). Psychosocial and environmental factors associated with physical activity among city dwellers in regional Queensland. Preventive Medicine, 40, 363–372.
  • Evenson, K. R., Birnbaum, A. S., Bedimo-Rung, A. L., Sallis, J. F., Voorhees, C. C., Ring, K., & Elder, J. P. (2006). Girls’ perception of physical environmental factors and transportation: Reliability and association with physical activity and active transport to school. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 3(28).
  • Ferré, M. B., Guitart, A. O., & Ferret, M. P. (2006). Children and playgrounds in Mediterranean cities. Children's Geographies, 4(2), 173-183.
  • Foster, C., Hillsdon, M., & Thorogood, M. (2004). Environmental perceptions and walking in English adults. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 58, 924–928.
  • Francis, J., Wood, L., Knuiman, M., & Giles-Corti, B. (2012). Quality or quantity? Exploring the relationship between Public Open Space attributes and mental health in Perth, Western Australia. Social Science & Medicine, 74, 1570-1577.
  • Giles-Corti, B., Broomhall, M., Knuiman, M., Collins, C., Douglas, K. N., Lange, A., & Donovan, R. (2005). Increasing walking. How important is distance to, attractiveness, and size of public open space? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2S2), 169–176.
  • Grahn, P., & Stigsdotter, U. A. (2003). Landscape planning and stress. Urban Forestry & Urban Green, 2, 1-18.
  • Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L., Bull, F., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., & Ekelund, U. (2012). Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls,and prospects. Lancet, 380, 247–57.
  • Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., de Vries, S., & Frumkin, H. (2014). Nature and Health. Annu. Rev. Public Health, 35, 207–28.
  • Hillsdon, M., Panter, J., Foster, C., & Jones, A. (2006). The relationship between access and quality of urban green space with population physical activity. Public Health, 120(12), 1127-32.
  • İmar ve Şehircilik Dairesi Başkanlığı. (2013). Aydın Büyükşehir Belediyesi Nazım İmar Planı. Aydın Büyükşehir Belediyesi.
  • Jones, A., Hillsdon, M., & Coombes, E. (2009). Greenspace access, use, and physical activity: Understanding the effects of area deprivation. Preventive Medicine, 49, 500–505.
  • Kabisch, N., Qureshi, S., & Haase, D. (2015). Human–environment interactions in urban green spaces — A systematic review of contemporary issues and prospects for future research. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 50, 25–34.
  • Kaczynski, A. T., & Henderson, K. A. (2007). Environmental correlates of physical activity: A review of evidence about parks and recreation. Leisure Science: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 29(4), 315–354.
  • Kaczynski, A. T., Potwarka, L. R., & Saelens, B. E. (2008). Association of park size, distance and features with physical activity in neighborhood parks. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 1451–1456.
  • Kaczynski, A. T., Potwarka, L. R., Smale, B. J., & Havitz, M. E. (2009). Association of Parkland Proximity with Neighborhood and Park-based Physical Activity: Variations by Gender and Age. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 31(2), 174-191.
  • Koohsari, M. J., Mavoa, S., Villanueva, K., Sugiyama, T., Badland, H., Kaczynski, A., . . . Giles-Corti, B. (2015). Public open space, physical activity, urban design and public health: Concepts, methods and research agenda. Health & Place, 33, 75–82.
  • Lachowycz, K., & Jones, A. P. (2011). Greenspace and obesity: a systematic review of the evidence. obesity reviews, 12, e183–e189.
  • LaGrange, R., Ferraro, K., & Supancic, M. (1992). Perceived risk and fear of crime: role of social and physical incivilities. J Res Crime Delinquency, 29, 311–34.
  • Lee, A. C., & Maheswaran, R. (2010). The health benefits of urban green spaces: a review of the evidence. Journal of Public Health, 1-11.
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There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Abdullah Akpınar 0000-0003-3684-6879

Publication Date April 15, 2019
Acceptance Date February 8, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akpınar, A. (2019). Kentsel yeşil alanların kalitesinin insan sağlığı ve fiziksel aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 36-46.
AMA Akpınar A. Kentsel yeşil alanların kalitesinin insan sağlığı ve fiziksel aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. ACUJFF. April 2019;20(1):36-46.
Chicago Akpınar, Abdullah. “Kentsel yeşil alanların Kalitesinin Insan sağlığı Ve Fiziksel Aktivitesi üzerindeki Etkisinin Incelenmesi”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 20, no. 1 (April 2019): 36-46.
EndNote Akpınar A (April 1, 2019) Kentsel yeşil alanların kalitesinin insan sağlığı ve fiziksel aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 20 1 36–46.
IEEE A. Akpınar, “Kentsel yeşil alanların kalitesinin insan sağlığı ve fiziksel aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi”, ACUJFF, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 36–46, 2019.
ISNAD Akpınar, Abdullah. “Kentsel yeşil alanların Kalitesinin Insan sağlığı Ve Fiziksel Aktivitesi üzerindeki Etkisinin Incelenmesi”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 20/1 (April 2019), 36-46.
JAMA Akpınar A. Kentsel yeşil alanların kalitesinin insan sağlığı ve fiziksel aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. ACUJFF. 2019;20:36–46.
MLA Akpınar, Abdullah. “Kentsel yeşil alanların Kalitesinin Insan sağlığı Ve Fiziksel Aktivitesi üzerindeki Etkisinin Incelenmesi”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 1, 2019, pp. 36-46.
Vancouver Akpınar A. Kentsel yeşil alanların kalitesinin insan sağlığı ve fiziksel aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. ACUJFF. 2019;20(1):36-4.
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