Abstract
Yabani mantarlar,
özellikle de ayı mantarı (Boletus edulis)
yiyecek ve ilaç sanayiinde kullanılmalarının yanı sıra ekolojik ve rekreasyonel
önemlerinden ötürü en kıymetli odun dışı orman ürünleri arasındadır. Yabani
mantarların giderek artan sosyoekonomik değerleri, bu ürünlerin odun üretimine
bir alternatif olarak düşünülmesine neden olmaktadır. Mantar ürünlerine
dayalı ekosistem hizmetlerinin sürdürülebilir orman amenajman planlarına
entegrasyonu, mantar verimliliği ile ekolojik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin
sayısal olarak anlaşılması ile mümkündür. Bu araştırmada, eğim, bakı ve
yükseklik gibi bazı ekolojik değişkenlerin ayı mantarı (Boletus edulis) verimliliği üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir.
Çalışmada kullanılan mantar envanter verileri Bicik Planlama birimi sınırları
içerisindeki 75 adet devamlı örnekleme alanından elde edilmiştir. Tek
yönlü varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre ilgili mantar verimliliği ile meşcere
eğim ve bakısı arasında anlamlı bir farklılık gözlemlenirken, meşcere yükseltisi
ile anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilememiştir. Buna göre, kuzey bakılı alanlar
ile eğimin %20-30 arasında olduğu meşcereler sırasıyla 6.5 kg/ha-116.7adet/ha ve 33 kg/ha-333.3adet/ha
değerleri ile diğer eğim ve bakı
gruplarına göre daha düşük miktarda mantar verimliliğine sahip olmaktadır. Elde
edilen bu sonuçlar mantar verimliliği ile farklı ekolojik değişkenler
arasındaki ilişkilerin net olarak belirlenebilmesi için mevcut analizlerin
farklı ekosistemlerdeki değerli tüm doğal mantar türleri için yaygınlaştırılması
gerektiğini göstermektedir.
Keywords
odun dışı orman ürünleri sürdürülebilir orman amenajmanı Boletus edulis ekolojik değişkenler doğal mantarlar
References
- Amaranthus M, Weigand J, Abbott R (1998) Managing high elevation forests to produce American matsutake (Tricholoma magnivilare) high quality timber, and nontimber forest products. West J. Appl. For. 13 (4): 120-128
- Boa E (2004) Wild edible fungi: A global overview of their use and importance to people, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy p. 163
- Bonet J, Fischer C, Colinas C (2004) The relationship between forest age and aspect on the production of sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Pinus sylvestris forest of the central Pyrenees. Forest Ecology and Management 203:157-175
- Bonet JA, De-Miguel S, Martínez de Aragón J, Pukkala T, Palahí M (2012) Immediate effect of thinning on the yield of Lactarius group deliciosus in Pinus pinaster forests in North-Eastern Spain. Forest Ecology and Management 265:211-217
- Bonet JA, Palahí M, Colinas C, Pukkala T, Fischer CR, Miina J, Martínez de Aragón J (2010) Modelling the production and species richness of wild mushrooms in pine forests of the Central Pyrenees in northeastern Spain. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40: 347-356
- Buntgen U, Latorre J, Egli S, Martínez-Peña F (2017) Socio-economic, scientific, and political benefits of mycotourism. Ecosphere 8(7):e01870. 10.1002/ecs2.1870
- De La Varga H, Águeda B, Águeda T, Martínez-Peña F, Parladé J, Pera J (2013) Seasonal dynamics of Boletus edulis and Lactarius deliciosus extraradical mycelium in pine forests of central Spain. Mycorrhiza 23: 391-402
- Egli S, Ayer F, Peter M, Eilmann B, Rigling A (2010) Is forest mushroom productivity driven by tree growth? Results from a thinning experiment. Ann For Sci. 67: 509-509
- Fernández-Toirán LM, Ágreda T, Olano JM (2006) Stand age and sampling year effect on the fungal fruit body community in Pinus pinaster forests in central Spain. Can J Bot. 84:1249-1258
- Kucuker DM, Baskent EZ (2015) Spatial prediction of Lactarius deliciosus and Lactarius salmonicolor mushroom distribution with logistic regression models in the Kızılcasu Planning Unit, Turkey. Mycorrhiza 25: 1-11
- Kucuker DM, Baskent, EZ (2018) Modeling the productivity of commercial Lactarius mushrooms: A case study in the Kizilcasu planning unit, Turkey. Natural Resource Modeling 1:1-14
- Kucuker DM (2014) Integration of Non-Wood Forest Products into Ecosystem Based Multiple Use Forest Management Plans: A Case Study of Kanlica Mushroom (Lactarius sp.). PhD thesis, Karadeniz Technical University
- Kucuker DM, Baskent EZ (2017a) Sustaining the Joint Production of Timber and Lactarius Mushroom: A Case Study of a Forest Management Planning Unit in Northwestern Turkey. Sustainability 9 (92): 1-14
- Kucuker DM, Baskent EZ (2017b) Impact of forest management intensity on mushroom occurrence and yield with a simulation-based decision support system. Forest Ecology and Management 389: 240-248
- Latorre J (2016) Spain: Mycotourism in Castilla Y Leon - An innovative opportunity to stimulate the development of rural areas. NWFP update, FAO (9) http://www.fao.org/forestry/nwfp/92433/en/
- Lelley J (2005) Modern applications and marketing of useful mushrooms. International journal of medicinal mushrooms 7 (1-2): 39-48
- Martínez de Aragón J, Bonet JA, Fischer CR, Colinas C (2007) Productivity of ectomycorrhizal and selected edible saprotrophic fungi in pine forests of the pre-Pyrenees mountains, Spain: Predictive equations for forest management of mycological resources. Forest Ecology and Management 252:239-256
- Martínez de Aragón J, Fischer C, Bonet JA, Olivera A, Oliach D, Colinas C (2012) Economically profitable post fire restoration with black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) producing plantations. New For. 43 (5-6): 615-630
- Martínez-Peña F, De-Miguel S, Pukkala T, Bonet JA, Ortega-Martínez P, Aldea J, Martínez de Aragón J (2012a) Yield models for ectomycorrhizal mushrooms in Pinus sylvestris forests with special focus on Boletus edulis and Lactarius group deliciosus. Forest Ecol Manage 282:63-69
- Martínez-Peña F, Ágreda T, Águeda B, Ortega-Martínez P, Fernández-Toirán LM (2012b) Edible sporocarp production by age class in a Scots pine stand in Northern Spain. Mycorrhiza 22:167-174
- Mohan JE, Cowden CC, Baas P, Dawadi A, Frankson PT, Helmick K, Hughes E, Khan S, Lang A, Machmuller M, Taylor M, Witt CA (2014) Mycorrhizal fungi mediation of terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change: mini-review. Fungal Ecol. 10: 3-19
- Murat C, Mello A, Abbà A, Vizzini A, Bonfante P (2008) Edible mycorrhizal fungi: identification, life cycle and morphogenesis. In: Varma A (ed) Mycorrhiza: genetics and molecular biology, eco-function, biotechnology, eco-physiology, structure and systematics. Springer, Berlin, pp 707–732
- Ortega-Martínez P, Águeda B, Fernández-Toirán LM, Martínez-Peña F (2011) Tree age influences on the development of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi sporocarps in Pinus sylvestris stands. Mycorrhiza 21: 65-70
- Palahí M, Pukkala T, Bonet JA, Colinas C, Fischer CR, Martínez de Aragón J (2009) Effect of the inclusion of mushroom values on the optimal management of even-aged pine stands of Catalonia. Forest Science 55(6): 503-511
- Smith JE, Molina R, Huso MMP, Luoma DL, McKay D, Castellano MA, Lebel T, Valachovic Y (2002) Species richness, abundance, and composition of hypogeous and epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps in young, rotation-age, and old-growth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the Cascade range of Oregon, U.S.A. Can J Bot 80: 186-204
- SPSS Institute Inc. (2014) SPSS Statistics 23 Core System User’s Guide, 280 p.
- Stokland JN, Siitonen J, Jonsson BG (2012) Biodiversity in Dead Wood, Biodiversity in Dead Wood. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 10.1017/CBO9781139025843
- Taye ZM, Martínez-Pena F, Bonet JA, Martínez de Aragon J, de-Miguel S (2016) Meteorological conditions and site characteristics driving edible mushroom production in Pinus pinaster forests of Central Spain. Fungal Ecology 23: 30-41
- TSMS (2006) Meteorology bulletin. Turkish State Meteorological Service, Ankara
- TUIK (2016) Turkish Statistical Institute, Exportation records, Ankara
Abstract
Wild
mushrooms, Boletus edulis in
particular are among the most important non-wood forest products (NWFPs) all
over the world due to their nutritional, medicinal, ecological and recreational
importance. Increasing socioeconomic value of wild mushrooms is made consider
these products as an alternative for timber. Integrating mushroom-based
ecosystem services into sustainable forest management plans requires
understanding of the relationships between mushroom yields and its ecological
drivers. This study evaluated the influence of some ecological variables such
as slope, aspect and altitude on the productivity of wild mushroom, Boletus edulis. Mushroom data was
collected from 75 permanent plots in Bicik planning unit covered by mixed even
aged forest. Significant differences were found among aspect and slope classes
whereas there were no differences among elevation classes with one-way ANOVA
analysis. According to the results lower mushroom productivity was found in the
areas of north aspects or slopes between 20-30% with 6.5 kg/ha-116.7unit/ha and
33 kg/ha-333.3unit/ha respectively than the other aspect and slope groups. This
study showed that to obtain general knowledge relating to the effects of more
ecological factors on mushroom productivity further research efforts is needed
for all valued wild mushrooms, in the different ecosystems.
Keywords
non-wood forest products sustainable forest management Boletus edulis ecological variables wild mushrooms
References
- Amaranthus M, Weigand J, Abbott R (1998) Managing high elevation forests to produce American matsutake (Tricholoma magnivilare) high quality timber, and nontimber forest products. West J. Appl. For. 13 (4): 120-128
- Boa E (2004) Wild edible fungi: A global overview of their use and importance to people, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy p. 163
- Bonet J, Fischer C, Colinas C (2004) The relationship between forest age and aspect on the production of sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Pinus sylvestris forest of the central Pyrenees. Forest Ecology and Management 203:157-175
- Bonet JA, De-Miguel S, Martínez de Aragón J, Pukkala T, Palahí M (2012) Immediate effect of thinning on the yield of Lactarius group deliciosus in Pinus pinaster forests in North-Eastern Spain. Forest Ecology and Management 265:211-217
- Bonet JA, Palahí M, Colinas C, Pukkala T, Fischer CR, Miina J, Martínez de Aragón J (2010) Modelling the production and species richness of wild mushrooms in pine forests of the Central Pyrenees in northeastern Spain. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40: 347-356
- Buntgen U, Latorre J, Egli S, Martínez-Peña F (2017) Socio-economic, scientific, and political benefits of mycotourism. Ecosphere 8(7):e01870. 10.1002/ecs2.1870
- De La Varga H, Águeda B, Águeda T, Martínez-Peña F, Parladé J, Pera J (2013) Seasonal dynamics of Boletus edulis and Lactarius deliciosus extraradical mycelium in pine forests of central Spain. Mycorrhiza 23: 391-402
- Egli S, Ayer F, Peter M, Eilmann B, Rigling A (2010) Is forest mushroom productivity driven by tree growth? Results from a thinning experiment. Ann For Sci. 67: 509-509
- Fernández-Toirán LM, Ágreda T, Olano JM (2006) Stand age and sampling year effect on the fungal fruit body community in Pinus pinaster forests in central Spain. Can J Bot. 84:1249-1258
- Kucuker DM, Baskent EZ (2015) Spatial prediction of Lactarius deliciosus and Lactarius salmonicolor mushroom distribution with logistic regression models in the Kızılcasu Planning Unit, Turkey. Mycorrhiza 25: 1-11
- Kucuker DM, Baskent, EZ (2018) Modeling the productivity of commercial Lactarius mushrooms: A case study in the Kizilcasu planning unit, Turkey. Natural Resource Modeling 1:1-14
- Kucuker DM (2014) Integration of Non-Wood Forest Products into Ecosystem Based Multiple Use Forest Management Plans: A Case Study of Kanlica Mushroom (Lactarius sp.). PhD thesis, Karadeniz Technical University
- Kucuker DM, Baskent EZ (2017a) Sustaining the Joint Production of Timber and Lactarius Mushroom: A Case Study of a Forest Management Planning Unit in Northwestern Turkey. Sustainability 9 (92): 1-14
- Kucuker DM, Baskent EZ (2017b) Impact of forest management intensity on mushroom occurrence and yield with a simulation-based decision support system. Forest Ecology and Management 389: 240-248
- Latorre J (2016) Spain: Mycotourism in Castilla Y Leon - An innovative opportunity to stimulate the development of rural areas. NWFP update, FAO (9) http://www.fao.org/forestry/nwfp/92433/en/
- Lelley J (2005) Modern applications and marketing of useful mushrooms. International journal of medicinal mushrooms 7 (1-2): 39-48
- Martínez de Aragón J, Bonet JA, Fischer CR, Colinas C (2007) Productivity of ectomycorrhizal and selected edible saprotrophic fungi in pine forests of the pre-Pyrenees mountains, Spain: Predictive equations for forest management of mycological resources. Forest Ecology and Management 252:239-256
- Martínez de Aragón J, Fischer C, Bonet JA, Olivera A, Oliach D, Colinas C (2012) Economically profitable post fire restoration with black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) producing plantations. New For. 43 (5-6): 615-630
- Martínez-Peña F, De-Miguel S, Pukkala T, Bonet JA, Ortega-Martínez P, Aldea J, Martínez de Aragón J (2012a) Yield models for ectomycorrhizal mushrooms in Pinus sylvestris forests with special focus on Boletus edulis and Lactarius group deliciosus. Forest Ecol Manage 282:63-69
- Martínez-Peña F, Ágreda T, Águeda B, Ortega-Martínez P, Fernández-Toirán LM (2012b) Edible sporocarp production by age class in a Scots pine stand in Northern Spain. Mycorrhiza 22:167-174
- Mohan JE, Cowden CC, Baas P, Dawadi A, Frankson PT, Helmick K, Hughes E, Khan S, Lang A, Machmuller M, Taylor M, Witt CA (2014) Mycorrhizal fungi mediation of terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change: mini-review. Fungal Ecol. 10: 3-19
- Murat C, Mello A, Abbà A, Vizzini A, Bonfante P (2008) Edible mycorrhizal fungi: identification, life cycle and morphogenesis. In: Varma A (ed) Mycorrhiza: genetics and molecular biology, eco-function, biotechnology, eco-physiology, structure and systematics. Springer, Berlin, pp 707–732
- Ortega-Martínez P, Águeda B, Fernández-Toirán LM, Martínez-Peña F (2011) Tree age influences on the development of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi sporocarps in Pinus sylvestris stands. Mycorrhiza 21: 65-70
- Palahí M, Pukkala T, Bonet JA, Colinas C, Fischer CR, Martínez de Aragón J (2009) Effect of the inclusion of mushroom values on the optimal management of even-aged pine stands of Catalonia. Forest Science 55(6): 503-511
- Smith JE, Molina R, Huso MMP, Luoma DL, McKay D, Castellano MA, Lebel T, Valachovic Y (2002) Species richness, abundance, and composition of hypogeous and epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps in young, rotation-age, and old-growth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the Cascade range of Oregon, U.S.A. Can J Bot 80: 186-204
- SPSS Institute Inc. (2014) SPSS Statistics 23 Core System User’s Guide, 280 p.
- Stokland JN, Siitonen J, Jonsson BG (2012) Biodiversity in Dead Wood, Biodiversity in Dead Wood. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 10.1017/CBO9781139025843
- Taye ZM, Martínez-Pena F, Bonet JA, Martínez de Aragon J, de-Miguel S (2016) Meteorological conditions and site characteristics driving edible mushroom production in Pinus pinaster forests of Central Spain. Fungal Ecology 23: 30-41
- TSMS (2006) Meteorology bulletin. Turkish State Meteorological Service, Ankara
- TUIK (2016) Turkish Statistical Institute, Exportation records, Ankara
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 15, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | December 28, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 20 Issue: 1 |
Cite
Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.