Research Article
Endemik tür Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. asperulum'un antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktivitesinin in vitro değerlendirmesi ve GC/MS profil analizi
Abstract
Son yıllarda, potansiyel terapötik uygulamaları nedeniyle tıbbi bitkilerden doğal biyoaktif bileşikler arayışına artan ilgi gözlenmektedir. Türkiye'ye endemik olan Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. asperulum, potansiyel antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan özellikleri için incelenmiştir. Bitki materyali farklı çözücüler kullanılarak ekstrakte edilmiş ve antimikrobiyal aktivite, agar disk difüzyon ve minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonu (MIC) yöntemleri kullanılarak çeşitli antibiyotik dirençli bakteri suşlarına ve bir mayaya karşı test edilmiştir. Ayrıca antioksidan potansiyel, DPPH radikal yakalama testi, toplam flavonoid içeriği ve toplam fenolik içerik yöntemleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ekstraktlar birçok bakteri suşuna karşı önemli inhibe edici etkiler göstermiş, metanol özütünün en güçlü antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. En etkili inhibisyon aktivitesi 1.56 mg/ml konsantrasyonunda Staphylococcus aureus’a karşı göstermiştir. Gaz kromatografi- kütle spektrometresi (GC-MS) analizi, fenoller, flavonoidler, alkaloitler ve glikozitler dâhil olmak üzere birçok fitokimyasal bileşiğin varlığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma, V. cheiranthifolium var. asperulum'un doğal antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan özelliklere sahip doğal biyoaktif bileşiklerin değerli bir kaynağı olarak potansiyelini vurgulamaktadır ve bu türü, farmasötik, kozmetik ve gıda endüstrileri için umut vadeden bir aday haline getirmektedir.
References
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- Avcı M (2005) Diversity and endemism in Turkey's vegetation. Journal of Geography, 13:27-55.
- Chang C, Yang M, Wen H, Chern J (2002) Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food Drug Analysis, 10: 178-182.
- Cuendet M, Hostettmann K, Potterat O, Dyatmiko W (1997) Iridoid glucosides with free radical scavenging properties from Fagraea blumei. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 80: 1144-1152.
- Davis PH (1971) Distribution patterns in Anatolia with particular references to endemism. Davis, P.H., Harper, P.C., Hedge, I.C. (Eds.), Plant life of south-west Asia, Botany Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 15-27.
- Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K (1988) Flora of Turkey and the Central Aegean Islands. (suppl.10). Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, pp. 191-193.
- De- Fatima A, Modolo LV, Conegero LS, Pilli RA, Ferreira CV, Kohn LK, De-Carvalho JE (2006) Lactones and heir derivatives: biological activities, mechanisms of action and potential leads for drug design. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 13: 3371-3384.
- Dülger D, Kırmızı S, Arslan H, Güleryüz G (2002) Antimicrobial activity of three endemic Verbascum species. Pharmaceutical Biology, 40 (8): 587-589.
- Ekim T (2000) Verbascum L, in Güner A, Ozhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC (Eds.), Flora of Turkey and the Central Aegean Islands (suppl.11). Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, pp. 193.
- Gökmen A, Kúsz N, Karaca N, Demirci F, Hohmann J, Kırmızıbekmez H (2020) Secondary metabolites from Verbascum bugulifolium Lam. and their bioactivities. Natural Product Research, 11: 1-5.
- Hazman Ö, Aksoy L, Büyükben A, Kara R, Kargıoğlu M, Kumral Z, Erol İ (2021) Evaluation of antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial effects and mineral levels of Verbascum lasianthum Boiss. ex Bentham. An Acad Bras Cienc, 93: 4.
- Huber-Morath A (1978) Verbascum L., in Davis, P.H. (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and the Central Aegean Islands. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, Vol. 6: 461-603.
- Huber-Morath A (1987) Last complement to P. H. Davis' Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 1-9 (1965-1985). I. Candollea, 42/2, 717-769.
- Jamshidi-Kia F, Saeidi K, Lorigooini Z, Maggi F (2020) Phenolic profile, chemical relationship and antioxidant activity of iranian Verbascum species. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 62/2, 31–42.
- Karavelioğulları FA, Duran A, Hamzaoğlu E (2004) Verbascum tuna-ekimii (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici, 41: 227-231.
- Karavelioğulları FA, Vural M, Polat H (2006) Two new taxa from Central Anatolia Turkey. Israel Journal of Botany, 54: 105-111.
- Karavelioğulları FA, Aytaç Z (2008) Revision of the genus Verbascum L. (Group A) In Turkey. Botany Research Journal, 1: 9-32.
- Kaynak G, Daşkın R, Yılmaz O, Erdoğan E (2006) Verbascum yurtkurianum (Scrophulariaceae) a new species from northwest Anatolia, Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici, 43: 456-459.
- Klimek B, Olszewska MA, Tokar M (2010) Simultaneous determination of flavonoids and phenylethanoids in the flowers of Verbascum densiflorum and V. phlomoides by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Phytochemical Analysis. International Journal of Plant Chemistry and Biochemistry Techonology, 21(2): 150-156.
- Küçük S, Özdemir F, İşçan G, İncesu Z (2016) Determination of Cytotoxic and Anticandidal Activities of Three Verbascum L. Species from Turkey: V. cheiranthifolium Boiss. var. asperulum (Boiss.) Murb. Monorg., V. pycnostachyum Boiss. & Heldr and V. orgyale Boiss. & HeldrTurkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13 (3): 318-322.
- Nadeem A, Ahmad B, Shahzad H, Craker L, Muntean T (2021) Verbascum thapsus (Mullein) versatile polarity extracts: GC-MS analysis, phytochemical profiling, anti-bacterial potential and anti-oxidant activity. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13: 1488-1497.
- NCCLS (1997) National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. in performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests: Approved Standard, NCCLS document A7, Wayne PA.
- NCCLS (1999) National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. In performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 9th information supplement. Document M100-S9, Wayne, PA.
- Ozcan B, Esen M, Çaışkan M, Mothana RA, Cihan AC, Yolcu H (2011) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the various extracts of Verbascum pinetorum Boiss. O. Kuntze (Scrophulariaceae). European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 15: 900-905.
- Özhatay N (2006) Check-List of Additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey. III. Turkish Journal of Botany, 30: 281-316.
- Parolly G, Tan K (2007) Verbascum lindae (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from SW Anatolia. Willdenowia, 37: 277-282.
- Prakash V, Sagar A (2021) To investigate leaf extracts of Verbascum thapsus Linn. for their antioxidant potential. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(1): 37-40.
- Punetha A, Kumar D, Suryavanshi P, Padalia RC, Katanapalya Thimmaiah V (2022) Environmental abiotic stress and secondary metabolites production in medicinal plants: A Review. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28 (3): 351- 362.
- Saltan FZ, Sokmen M, Akin M, Saracoglu HT, Gokturk RS, Ahmad M, Al M, Shah MR (2011) Antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of phenolic compound extracted from new Verbascum species growing in Turkey. Journal of Chemistry Society of Pakistan, 33(5): 764-771.
- Şekercioğlu C, Anderson S, Akcay E, Bilgin R, Can O, Semiz G, Tavşanoğlu Ç, Soyumert A, Yokes MB, Ipekdal K, Sağlam I, Yücel M, Dalfes N (2011) Turkey's globally important biodiversity in crisis. Biological Conservation, 144: 2752-2769.
- Sen-Utsukarcı B, Dosler S, Taşkın T, Abudayyak M, Ozhan G, Mat A (2018) An evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic activities of five Verbascum species ın Turkey. Farmacia, 66: 6.
- Suseem SR, Mary Saral A (2013) Analysis on essential fatty acid esters of mushroom pleurotus eous and its antibacterial activity. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 6 (1): 188-191.
- Sutor'y K (2001) Two new hybrids of Verbascum from Turkey and Spain. Bocconea, 13: 457-460.
- Sutor'y K (2004) New hybrids of Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 28: 261-262.
- Taşgın S, Asil H (2021) Medicinal properties of endemic Amanus mullein (Verbascum amanum BOISS) and Belen mullein (Verbascum caesareum) plant. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(1).
- Vaou N, Stavropoulou E, Voidarou C, Tsigalou C, Bezirtzoglou E (2021) Towards advances in medicinal plant antimicrobial activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives. Micrroorganisms, 9: 2041.
- Vital PG, Rivera WL (2009) Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Chromolaena odorata (L.f.) King and Robinson and Uncaria perrottetii (A. Rich) Merr. extracts. Journal of Medicinal Plant Resources, 3(7): 511-518.
- Volobueva AS, Yarovaya OI, Kireeva MV, Borisevich SS, Kovaleva KS, Mainagashev IY, Gatilov YV, Ilyina MG, Zarubaev VV, Salakhutdinov NF (2021) Discovery of new ginsenol-like compounds with high antiviral activity. Molecules, 26(22): 67-94.
- Vural M, Aydoğdu M (1993) A new species from central Anatolia Verbascum gypsicola (Scrophulariaceae). The Karaca Arboretum Magazine, 2: 75-78.
- Yabalak E, Ibrahim F, Eliuz EAE, Everest A, Gizir AM (2020) Evaluation of chemical composition, trace element content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Verbascum pseudoholotrichum. Plant Biosystems, 1-10.
- Yılmaz G, Dane F (2008) Verbascum samniticum Ten. (Scrophulariaceae): a new record for the flora of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 32(5): 411-414.
In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and GC/MS profiling of the endemic species Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. asperulum
Abstract
Due to their potential therapeutic applications, there has been a growing fascination in the investigation of natural bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. asperulum, an endemic species in Türkiye, has been studied for its potential antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics. Various solvents were utilized for the extraction of plant material, and the antimicrobial activity was tested against various antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and a yeast using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and agar disc diffusion methods. Additionally, the antioxidant potential was assessed using total phenolic content, the DPPH radical-scavenging assay, and total flavonoid content methods. The extracts have exhibites significant inhibitory effects against several bacterial strains, with the methanol extract showing the most potent antimicrobial activity. The most effective inhibition activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 1.56 mg/ml. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed numerous phytochemical compounds, including phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. The study highlights the potential of V. cheiranthifolium var. asperulum as a valuable and natural bioactive compound source with antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics, making it a promising candidate for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
References
- Alan S, Saltan FZ, Göktürk RS, Sökmen M (2009) Taxonomical properties of three Verbascum l. species growing in Turkey and their antioxidant activities. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21(7): 5438-5452.
- Avcı M (2005) Diversity and endemism in Turkey's vegetation. Journal of Geography, 13:27-55.
- Chang C, Yang M, Wen H, Chern J (2002) Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food Drug Analysis, 10: 178-182.
- Cuendet M, Hostettmann K, Potterat O, Dyatmiko W (1997) Iridoid glucosides with free radical scavenging properties from Fagraea blumei. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 80: 1144-1152.
- Davis PH (1971) Distribution patterns in Anatolia with particular references to endemism. Davis, P.H., Harper, P.C., Hedge, I.C. (Eds.), Plant life of south-west Asia, Botany Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 15-27.
- Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K (1988) Flora of Turkey and the Central Aegean Islands. (suppl.10). Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, pp. 191-193.
- De- Fatima A, Modolo LV, Conegero LS, Pilli RA, Ferreira CV, Kohn LK, De-Carvalho JE (2006) Lactones and heir derivatives: biological activities, mechanisms of action and potential leads for drug design. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 13: 3371-3384.
- Dülger D, Kırmızı S, Arslan H, Güleryüz G (2002) Antimicrobial activity of three endemic Verbascum species. Pharmaceutical Biology, 40 (8): 587-589.
- Ekim T (2000) Verbascum L, in Güner A, Ozhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC (Eds.), Flora of Turkey and the Central Aegean Islands (suppl.11). Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, pp. 193.
- Gökmen A, Kúsz N, Karaca N, Demirci F, Hohmann J, Kırmızıbekmez H (2020) Secondary metabolites from Verbascum bugulifolium Lam. and their bioactivities. Natural Product Research, 11: 1-5.
- Hazman Ö, Aksoy L, Büyükben A, Kara R, Kargıoğlu M, Kumral Z, Erol İ (2021) Evaluation of antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial effects and mineral levels of Verbascum lasianthum Boiss. ex Bentham. An Acad Bras Cienc, 93: 4.
- Huber-Morath A (1978) Verbascum L., in Davis, P.H. (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and the Central Aegean Islands. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, Vol. 6: 461-603.
- Huber-Morath A (1987) Last complement to P. H. Davis' Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 1-9 (1965-1985). I. Candollea, 42/2, 717-769.
- Jamshidi-Kia F, Saeidi K, Lorigooini Z, Maggi F (2020) Phenolic profile, chemical relationship and antioxidant activity of iranian Verbascum species. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 62/2, 31–42.
- Karavelioğulları FA, Duran A, Hamzaoğlu E (2004) Verbascum tuna-ekimii (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici, 41: 227-231.
- Karavelioğulları FA, Vural M, Polat H (2006) Two new taxa from Central Anatolia Turkey. Israel Journal of Botany, 54: 105-111.
- Karavelioğulları FA, Aytaç Z (2008) Revision of the genus Verbascum L. (Group A) In Turkey. Botany Research Journal, 1: 9-32.
- Kaynak G, Daşkın R, Yılmaz O, Erdoğan E (2006) Verbascum yurtkurianum (Scrophulariaceae) a new species from northwest Anatolia, Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici, 43: 456-459.
- Klimek B, Olszewska MA, Tokar M (2010) Simultaneous determination of flavonoids and phenylethanoids in the flowers of Verbascum densiflorum and V. phlomoides by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Phytochemical Analysis. International Journal of Plant Chemistry and Biochemistry Techonology, 21(2): 150-156.
- Küçük S, Özdemir F, İşçan G, İncesu Z (2016) Determination of Cytotoxic and Anticandidal Activities of Three Verbascum L. Species from Turkey: V. cheiranthifolium Boiss. var. asperulum (Boiss.) Murb. Monorg., V. pycnostachyum Boiss. & Heldr and V. orgyale Boiss. & HeldrTurkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13 (3): 318-322.
- Nadeem A, Ahmad B, Shahzad H, Craker L, Muntean T (2021) Verbascum thapsus (Mullein) versatile polarity extracts: GC-MS analysis, phytochemical profiling, anti-bacterial potential and anti-oxidant activity. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13: 1488-1497.
- NCCLS (1997) National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. in performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests: Approved Standard, NCCLS document A7, Wayne PA.
- NCCLS (1999) National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. In performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 9th information supplement. Document M100-S9, Wayne, PA.
- Ozcan B, Esen M, Çaışkan M, Mothana RA, Cihan AC, Yolcu H (2011) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the various extracts of Verbascum pinetorum Boiss. O. Kuntze (Scrophulariaceae). European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 15: 900-905.
- Özhatay N (2006) Check-List of Additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey. III. Turkish Journal of Botany, 30: 281-316.
- Parolly G, Tan K (2007) Verbascum lindae (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from SW Anatolia. Willdenowia, 37: 277-282.
- Prakash V, Sagar A (2021) To investigate leaf extracts of Verbascum thapsus Linn. for their antioxidant potential. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(1): 37-40.
- Punetha A, Kumar D, Suryavanshi P, Padalia RC, Katanapalya Thimmaiah V (2022) Environmental abiotic stress and secondary metabolites production in medicinal plants: A Review. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28 (3): 351- 362.
- Saltan FZ, Sokmen M, Akin M, Saracoglu HT, Gokturk RS, Ahmad M, Al M, Shah MR (2011) Antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of phenolic compound extracted from new Verbascum species growing in Turkey. Journal of Chemistry Society of Pakistan, 33(5): 764-771.
- Şekercioğlu C, Anderson S, Akcay E, Bilgin R, Can O, Semiz G, Tavşanoğlu Ç, Soyumert A, Yokes MB, Ipekdal K, Sağlam I, Yücel M, Dalfes N (2011) Turkey's globally important biodiversity in crisis. Biological Conservation, 144: 2752-2769.
- Sen-Utsukarcı B, Dosler S, Taşkın T, Abudayyak M, Ozhan G, Mat A (2018) An evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic activities of five Verbascum species ın Turkey. Farmacia, 66: 6.
- Suseem SR, Mary Saral A (2013) Analysis on essential fatty acid esters of mushroom pleurotus eous and its antibacterial activity. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 6 (1): 188-191.
- Sutor'y K (2001) Two new hybrids of Verbascum from Turkey and Spain. Bocconea, 13: 457-460.
- Sutor'y K (2004) New hybrids of Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 28: 261-262.
- Taşgın S, Asil H (2021) Medicinal properties of endemic Amanus mullein (Verbascum amanum BOISS) and Belen mullein (Verbascum caesareum) plant. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(1).
- Vaou N, Stavropoulou E, Voidarou C, Tsigalou C, Bezirtzoglou E (2021) Towards advances in medicinal plant antimicrobial activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives. Micrroorganisms, 9: 2041.
- Vital PG, Rivera WL (2009) Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Chromolaena odorata (L.f.) King and Robinson and Uncaria perrottetii (A. Rich) Merr. extracts. Journal of Medicinal Plant Resources, 3(7): 511-518.
- Volobueva AS, Yarovaya OI, Kireeva MV, Borisevich SS, Kovaleva KS, Mainagashev IY, Gatilov YV, Ilyina MG, Zarubaev VV, Salakhutdinov NF (2021) Discovery of new ginsenol-like compounds with high antiviral activity. Molecules, 26(22): 67-94.
- Vural M, Aydoğdu M (1993) A new species from central Anatolia Verbascum gypsicola (Scrophulariaceae). The Karaca Arboretum Magazine, 2: 75-78.
- Yabalak E, Ibrahim F, Eliuz EAE, Everest A, Gizir AM (2020) Evaluation of chemical composition, trace element content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Verbascum pseudoholotrichum. Plant Biosystems, 1-10.
- Yılmaz G, Dane F (2008) Verbascum samniticum Ten. (Scrophulariaceae): a new record for the flora of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 32(5): 411-414.
There are 41 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Plant Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | May 15, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | December 15, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 25 Issue: 1 |
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