Research Article
A Comparison of the Perfectionism and Social Desirability Levels in the Context of the Azerbaijani and Turkish Youth
Abstract
As social beings, humans seek approval and recognition from society. In this context, the study aims to examine the relationship between the social desirability and perfectionism levels, referred to "the need to behave in a culturally approved way,” by comparing them from a cultural perspective. A total of 214 participants, including 105 Azerbaijanis and 109 Turks aged 18-30, were reached. “Socio-Demographic Information Form”, "Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale Short Form C (SD SF-C)," and "Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form (BTPS-SF)" were implemented. The results indicated that the Azerbaijani and Turkish youth exhibit moderate levels of perfectionism, with self-critical perfectionism being dominant in both of the samples. There was no significant difference between the perfectionism and social desirability levels of these two groups, but the Azerbaijani youth scored higher in the social-behavioral sub-dimension of SD SF-C. In terms of sex, the males in Azerbaijan showed higher narcissistic perfectionism while the females in Türkiye showed higher self-critical perfectionism. A significant and weakly negative linear correlational relationship was found between these two variables. These findings reveal that the youth of Türkiye and Azerbaijan share similar characteristics, as reflected in the motto “one nation, two states”.
References
- Abdurahmanlı, E. (2024, January 2). Azerbaycan Türklerinin Türk dünyası eğitimine entegrasyonu Bildiri: Dr Elvin Abdurahmanlı [Video]. Retrieved from YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4Jsqc4GTF0
- Akın-Arıkan, Ç., Baştemur, Ş., & Demirtaş-Zorbaz, S. (2021). Marlowe-Crowne Sosyal Beğenirlik Ölçeği Kısa Formu C’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. HAYEF: Journal of Education, 18(2), 278-94.
- Akşit, A. (2020). Ottoman legacy and contemporary Turkish culture. Journal of Turkish Studies, 15(2), 123-136.
- Akyazı, K. G. (2023). Ergenler İçin İnternette Yabancılarla Etkileşim Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalışması [Yüksek lisans tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi]. Yök Tez.
- Anthony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (2009). When perfect isn't enough: strategies for coping with perfectionism. New Harbinger Publications.
- Büyükbayraktar, Ç. (2011). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Mükemmeliyetçilik ve Öfke İlişkisi [Yüksek lisans tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi]. Yök Tez.
- Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., Rugai, L., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2019). What lies beyond the superordinate trait perfectionism factors? The perfectionistic self-presentation and perfectionism cognitions inventory versus the big three perfectionism scale in predicting depression and social anxiety. Journal of Personality Assesment, 102 (3), 370-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1573429
- Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349-54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047358
- Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.ama zon.com/Approval-Motive-Studies-Evaluation-Dependence/dp/B0000CMICI
- Erzen, E., Yurtçu, M., Ulu-Kalın, Ö., & Koçoğlu, E. (2021). Sosyal beğenirlik Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 20(78), 879-91.
- Feher, A. S., Smith, M. M., Saklofske, D. H., Plouffe, R. A., Wilson, C. A., & Sherry, S. B. (2020). The Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form (BTPS-SF): Development of a brief self-report measure of multidimensional perfectionism. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 38(1), 37-52.
- Fekih-Romdhane, F., Rogoza, R., Hallit, R., Malaeb, D., Sakr, F., Dabbous, M., Hallit, S. (2023). Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form (BTPS-SF) in a community sample of adults. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 932. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05427-y
- Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. Basic Books.
- Grubi, T. (2016). A set of techniques to investigation a perfectionism of personality of scientific and pedagogical staff of the higher school. Organizational Psychology, 4 (7), 25-31.
- Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456-470.
- Hortaçsu, N. (1997). Social psychological issues in Turkish society. In H. Markus, & S. Kitayama, Culture and Self: Implications for cognition,emotion and motivation (pp. 350-384). Cambridge University Press.
- Jerine, R. R., & Mary, D. (2020). Self-critical perfectionism: A South Indian’s experience. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8 (2), 99-106. doi:https://doi.org/10.25215/0802.292.
- Kaçar-Başaran, S., Gökdağ, C., Erdoğan-Yıldırım, Z., & Yorulmaz, O. (2022). A different view to perfectionism: An investigation of the psychometric properties of the big three perfectionism scale in a Turkish community sample. Current Psychology, 41 (9), 6511-21.
- Kanık, M. (2019). Spor bilimleri alanında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ile mükemmeliyetçilik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi, Bolu: Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi]. Yök Tez.
- Karaşar, B., & Öğülmüş, S. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal onay i̇htiyacının çeşitli değişkenler açısından i̇ncelenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29 (2), 469-95.
- Karaşar, N. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi kavramlar ilkeler teknikler.Nobel.
- King, M. F., & Bruner, G. C. (2000). Social desirability bias: A neglected aspect of validity testing. Psychology & Marketing, 17 (2), 79-103.
- Kozan, K. (1984). Davranış bilimleri araştırmalarında sosyal beğenirlik boyutu ve Türkiye için bir sosyal beğenirlik ölçeği. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 10, 447-77.
- Lasalle, M., & Hess, U. (2022). A motivational approach to perfectionism and striving for excellence: Development of a new continuum-based scale for post-secondary students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022462
- Middleton, W. C., & Jones, R. A. (2000). The cultural context of self-esteem: A cross-cultural study of self-esteem in different societies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31 (5), 636-652. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022100031005004
- Özeren, A. (1996). The effect of anxiety on visual attention [Master's Thesis, Boğaziçi University].Yök TEZ. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. htts://tezarsivi.com/the-effect-of-anxiety-on
- Reynolds, W. M. (1982). Development of reliable and valid short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38 (1), 119-25. Ross, C. E., & Mirowsky, J. (1984). Socially-desirable response and acquiescence in a cross-cultural survey of mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 25 (2), 189-197.
- Sapmaz, F. (2006). Üniversite öğrencilerinin uyumlu ve uyumsuz mükemmeliyetçilik özelliklerinin psikolojik belirti düzeyleri açısından incelenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi]. Yök Tez.
- Sherry, B. S. (2002). Perfectionism dimensions, perfectionistic dysfunctional attitudes, need for approval, and depression symptomps in adult psychiatric patients and young adults [Master's Thesis,The University of British].
- Smith, M. M., Saklofske, D., Stoeber, J., & Sherry, S. B. (2016). The big three perfectionism scale: A new measure of perfectionism. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 34 (7), 670-87. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282916651539
- Stoeber, J., & Hotham, S. (2013). Perfectionism and social desirability: Students report increased perfectionism to create a positive impression. Personality and Indiviual Differences, 55 (5), 626-9.
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. (Sixth edition). Pearson Education.
- Tanhan, F., & Mukba, G. (2014). Spann-Fischer ilişki bağımlılığı ölceği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlama calışmasına ilişkin psikometrik bir analiz. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36, 179-89.
- Tuncer, B., & Voltan-Acar, N. (2006). Kaygı düzeyleri farklı üniversite hazırlık sınıfı öğrencilerinin mükemmeliyetçilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Kriz Dergisi, 14 (2), 1-15.
- Twenge, J. M., & Im, C. (2007). Changes in the need for social approval, 1958- 2001. Journal of Research Inpersonality, 41, 171-89.
- Ural, T., & Özbirecikli, M. (2006). Is ethical judgement influenced by social desirability in responding? An analyse on Turkish accountants. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15 (1), 393-410.
A Comparison of the Perfectionism and Social Desirability Levels in the Context of the Azerbaijani and Turkish Youth
Abstract
As social beings, humans seek approval and recognition from society. In this context, the study aims to examine the relationship between the social desirability and perfectionism levels, referred to "the need to behave in a culturally approved way,” by comparing them from a cultural perspective. A total of 214 participants, including 105 Azerbaijanis and 109 Turks aged 18-30, were reached. “Socio-Demographic Information Form”, "Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale Short Form C (SD SF-C)," and "Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form (BTPS-SF)" were implemented. The results indicated that the Azerbaijani and Turkish youth exhibit moderate levels of perfectionism, with self-critical perfectionism being dominant in both of the samples. There was no significant difference between the perfectionism and social desirability levels of these two groups, but the Azerbaijani youth scored higher in the social-behavioral sub-dimension of SD SF-C. In terms of sex, the males in Azerbaijan showed higher narcissistic perfectionism while the females in Türkiye showed higher self-critical perfectionism. A significant and weakly negative linear correlational relationship was found between these two variables. These findings reveal that the youth of Türkiye and Azerbaijan share similar characteristics, as reflected in the motto “one nation, two states”.
References
- Abdurahmanlı, E. (2024, January 2). Azerbaycan Türklerinin Türk dünyası eğitimine entegrasyonu Bildiri: Dr Elvin Abdurahmanlı [Video]. Retrieved from YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4Jsqc4GTF0
- Akın-Arıkan, Ç., Baştemur, Ş., & Demirtaş-Zorbaz, S. (2021). Marlowe-Crowne Sosyal Beğenirlik Ölçeği Kısa Formu C’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. HAYEF: Journal of Education, 18(2), 278-94.
- Akşit, A. (2020). Ottoman legacy and contemporary Turkish culture. Journal of Turkish Studies, 15(2), 123-136.
- Akyazı, K. G. (2023). Ergenler İçin İnternette Yabancılarla Etkileşim Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalışması [Yüksek lisans tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi]. Yök Tez.
- Anthony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (2009). When perfect isn't enough: strategies for coping with perfectionism. New Harbinger Publications.
- Büyükbayraktar, Ç. (2011). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Mükemmeliyetçilik ve Öfke İlişkisi [Yüksek lisans tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi]. Yök Tez.
- Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., Rugai, L., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2019). What lies beyond the superordinate trait perfectionism factors? The perfectionistic self-presentation and perfectionism cognitions inventory versus the big three perfectionism scale in predicting depression and social anxiety. Journal of Personality Assesment, 102 (3), 370-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1573429
- Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349-54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047358
- Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.ama zon.com/Approval-Motive-Studies-Evaluation-Dependence/dp/B0000CMICI
- Erzen, E., Yurtçu, M., Ulu-Kalın, Ö., & Koçoğlu, E. (2021). Sosyal beğenirlik Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 20(78), 879-91.
- Feher, A. S., Smith, M. M., Saklofske, D. H., Plouffe, R. A., Wilson, C. A., & Sherry, S. B. (2020). The Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form (BTPS-SF): Development of a brief self-report measure of multidimensional perfectionism. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 38(1), 37-52.
- Fekih-Romdhane, F., Rogoza, R., Hallit, R., Malaeb, D., Sakr, F., Dabbous, M., Hallit, S. (2023). Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form (BTPS-SF) in a community sample of adults. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 932. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05427-y
- Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. Basic Books.
- Grubi, T. (2016). A set of techniques to investigation a perfectionism of personality of scientific and pedagogical staff of the higher school. Organizational Psychology, 4 (7), 25-31.
- Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456-470.
- Hortaçsu, N. (1997). Social psychological issues in Turkish society. In H. Markus, & S. Kitayama, Culture and Self: Implications for cognition,emotion and motivation (pp. 350-384). Cambridge University Press.
- Jerine, R. R., & Mary, D. (2020). Self-critical perfectionism: A South Indian’s experience. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8 (2), 99-106. doi:https://doi.org/10.25215/0802.292.
- Kaçar-Başaran, S., Gökdağ, C., Erdoğan-Yıldırım, Z., & Yorulmaz, O. (2022). A different view to perfectionism: An investigation of the psychometric properties of the big three perfectionism scale in a Turkish community sample. Current Psychology, 41 (9), 6511-21.
- Kanık, M. (2019). Spor bilimleri alanında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ile mükemmeliyetçilik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi, Bolu: Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi]. Yök Tez.
- Karaşar, B., & Öğülmüş, S. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal onay i̇htiyacının çeşitli değişkenler açısından i̇ncelenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29 (2), 469-95.
- Karaşar, N. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi kavramlar ilkeler teknikler.Nobel.
- King, M. F., & Bruner, G. C. (2000). Social desirability bias: A neglected aspect of validity testing. Psychology & Marketing, 17 (2), 79-103.
- Kozan, K. (1984). Davranış bilimleri araştırmalarında sosyal beğenirlik boyutu ve Türkiye için bir sosyal beğenirlik ölçeği. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 10, 447-77.
- Lasalle, M., & Hess, U. (2022). A motivational approach to perfectionism and striving for excellence: Development of a new continuum-based scale for post-secondary students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022462
- Middleton, W. C., & Jones, R. A. (2000). The cultural context of self-esteem: A cross-cultural study of self-esteem in different societies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31 (5), 636-652. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022100031005004
- Özeren, A. (1996). The effect of anxiety on visual attention [Master's Thesis, Boğaziçi University].Yök TEZ. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. htts://tezarsivi.com/the-effect-of-anxiety-on
- Reynolds, W. M. (1982). Development of reliable and valid short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38 (1), 119-25. Ross, C. E., & Mirowsky, J. (1984). Socially-desirable response and acquiescence in a cross-cultural survey of mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 25 (2), 189-197.
- Sapmaz, F. (2006). Üniversite öğrencilerinin uyumlu ve uyumsuz mükemmeliyetçilik özelliklerinin psikolojik belirti düzeyleri açısından incelenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi]. Yök Tez.
- Sherry, B. S. (2002). Perfectionism dimensions, perfectionistic dysfunctional attitudes, need for approval, and depression symptomps in adult psychiatric patients and young adults [Master's Thesis,The University of British].
- Smith, M. M., Saklofske, D., Stoeber, J., & Sherry, S. B. (2016). The big three perfectionism scale: A new measure of perfectionism. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 34 (7), 670-87. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282916651539
- Stoeber, J., & Hotham, S. (2013). Perfectionism and social desirability: Students report increased perfectionism to create a positive impression. Personality and Indiviual Differences, 55 (5), 626-9.
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. (Sixth edition). Pearson Education.
- Tanhan, F., & Mukba, G. (2014). Spann-Fischer ilişki bağımlılığı ölceği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlama calışmasına ilişkin psikometrik bir analiz. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36, 179-89.
- Tuncer, B., & Voltan-Acar, N. (2006). Kaygı düzeyleri farklı üniversite hazırlık sınıfı öğrencilerinin mükemmeliyetçilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Kriz Dergisi, 14 (2), 1-15.
- Twenge, J. M., & Im, C. (2007). Changes in the need for social approval, 1958- 2001. Journal of Research Inpersonality, 41, 171-89.
- Ural, T., & Özbirecikli, M. (2006). Is ethical judgement influenced by social desirability in responding? An analyse on Turkish accountants. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15 (1), 393-410.
There are 36 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Developmental Psychology (Other) |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | August 13, 2024 |
| Publication Date | September 22, 2024 |
| Submission Date | May 20, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | August 13, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 4 |
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