Abstract
The ambiguity in the concept of ethnicity and ethnic minority has made the interaction of governments with ethnic groups difficult. For this reason, the most fundamental step to determine the rights of ethnic minorities in a political society in a scholarly and normative manner is to explain the concept and the limits and semantic gaps of terms such as ethnicity, ethnicity, ethnic group, and ethnic minority. This research seeks to explain the definitions of ethnicity after explaining the lexical and idiomatic meanings of ethnicity and presenting the background of the discussion, and then to choose a comprehensive and appropriate definition in this regard (as a challenging factor in modern political societies). It has also, perhaps for the first time, presented a table containing indicators to determine the extent and intensity of ethnicity. In this regard, and to better explain the concept of ethnicity, it has also attempted to express the degrees of ethnocentrism. Finally, by combining the definitions of the two terms ethnicity and minority, ethnic minority has also been defined. Among the topics of interest in political geography are the discussion of tribes, the methods of formation and gathering of tribes in geographical areas, and the way they interact with other ethnic and racial groups, both intra-ethnic and extra-ethnic. The discussion is of particular interest from the perspective that tribes in Afghanistan have played a significant role in the formation of a phenomenon called the country through ethnic integration in various ways. The results of this research and some other research show that the ethnic-based power structure in the past, supported by the ideology of ethnic nationalism, has also fueled lineage and ethnicism among non-ruling tribes, turning ethnicity into a natural and widespread phenomenon in all spheres of society and causing a national identity crisis in Afghanistan.
Keywords
References
- Aruzgani, M. (2011). Afghanistan: A Rainbow of Nations. Sobh Omid. (in Persian).
- Azerbaijani-Moghaddam, S., Schetter, C., & Schmeidl, S. (2002). The transition from relief to development from a human security perspective: Afghanistan. Report to the UN Commission on Human Security http://www. humansecuritychs. org/activities/research. Afghanistan. pdf.
- Bellew, H. W. (1880). The races of Afghanistan: being a brief account of the principal nations inhabiting that country. Thacker, Spink, and Company.
- Dollot, R. (1937). L'Afghanistan: histoire, description, moeurs et coutumes, folklore, fouilles. Payot.
- Effects of Ethnicity and Political Participation on the Stability of Afghanistan. (2024). https://afgreview.com/?p=1889 (in Persian)
- Kaveh, A. (2022). Republicanism and Federalism in the Territory of Talibanism, Publisher: Simorgh Cultural Institute. https://tinyurl.com/5n8kythf (in Persian).
- Orywal, E. (1986). Die ethnischen Gruppen Afghanistans: Fallstudien zu Gruppenidentität u. Intergruppenbeziehungen. Reichert.
- Pstrusinska, J. (1990). Afghanistan 1989 in sociolinguistic perspective. Society for Central Asian Studies.
- Publication Series on Promoting Democracy under Conditions of State Fragility, 2024, Issue 1: Afghanistan. (2024). https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/afghanistan_en.pdf
- Qiyami, F. (2018). Why is the issue of ethnicism being promoted in Afghanistan? Publisher. Pajhwok, Afghan, New, https://tinyurl.com/4cxp5dnx (in Persian).
- Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban: militant Islam, oil and fundamentalism in Central Asia. Yale University Press.
- Rieck, A. (1997). Afghanistan's Taliban: an Islamic revolution of the Pashtuns. Orient, 38(1), 121-142.
- Roy, O. (1990). Islam and resistance in Afghanistan (Vol. 8). Cambridge University Press.
- Schetter, C. (2004). Der Afghanistankrieg: Die Ethnisierung eines Konflikts. Internationales Asienforum, 33 (1-2), 15-29.
- Setez, M. (2015). changing from subject to citizen; a decade of democracy in Afghanistan, publisher. BBC website, https://tinyurl.com/54cpfpwj (in Persian).
- Shahrani, M. N. (1986). State building and social fragmentation in Afghanistan: a historical perspective (pp. 23-74). Syracuse University Press.
- Shahrani, N. (2018) Pathology of Governance and Political Systems in Afghanistan, Publisher. Khorasan Zamin Journal, https://tinyurl.com/y8794px5 (in Persian).
- The Ethnic Composition of Afghanistan. A Six Year Survey and Research (1991-1996). (1999). Wak Foundatıon For Afghanistan.
- Wilber, D. N. et al., 1962). Afghanistan: Its people, its society, its culture. HRAF.
Abstract
Etnisite ve etnik azınlık kavramlarındaki muğlaklık, hükümetlerin etnik gruplarla etkileşimini zorlaştırmıştır. Bu nedenle siyasi bir toplumda etnik azınlıkların haklarının bilimsel ve normatif bir şekilde belirlenebilmesi için en temel adım etnisite, etniklik, etnik grup, etnik azınlık gibi kavramların sınırlarının ve anlamsal boşluklarının açıklanmasıdır. Bu araştırma, etnisitenin sözlüksel ve deyimsel anlamlarını açıkladıktan ve tartışmanın arka planını sunduktan sonra etnisite tanımlarını açıklamayı ve ardından bu konuda (modern siyasi toplumlarda zorlayıcı bir faktör olarak) kapsamlı ve uygun bir tanım seçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, belki de ilk kez, etnikliğin kapsamını ve yoğunluğunu belirlemeye yönelik göstergeleri içeren bir tablo sunmuştur. Bu bağlamda ve etnisite kavramını daha iyi açıklamak için, etnosentrizmin derecelerini de ifade etmeye çalışmıştır. Son olarak, etnisite ve azınlık terimlerinin tanımları birleştirilerek etnik azınlık da tanımlanmıştır. Siyasi coğrafyada ilgi çeken konular arasında aşiretlerin tartışılması, aşiretlerin coğrafi alanlarda oluşum ve toplanma yöntemleri ve hem etnik hem de etnik olmayan diğer etnik ve ırksal gruplarla etkileşim biçimleri yer almaktadır. Tartışma, Afganistan'daki aşiretlerin çeşitli şekillerde etnik entegrasyon yoluyla ülke denen olgunun oluşumunda önemli bir rol oynadığı perspektifinden özellikle ilgi çekicidir. Bu araştırmanın ve diğer bazı araştırmaların sonuçları, geçmişte etnik milliyetçilik ideolojisiyle desteklenen etnik temelli iktidar yapısının, yönetici olmayan kabileler arasında da soy ve etnikçiliği körüklediğini, etnisiteyi toplumun her alanında doğal ve yaygın bir olguya dönüştürdüğünü ve Afganistan'da bir ulusal kimlik krizine neden olduğunu göstermektedir.
Keywords
References
- Aruzgani, M. (2011). Afghanistan: A Rainbow of Nations. Sobh Omid. (in Persian).
- Azerbaijani-Moghaddam, S., Schetter, C., & Schmeidl, S. (2002). The transition from relief to development from a human security perspective: Afghanistan. Report to the UN Commission on Human Security http://www. humansecuritychs. org/activities/research. Afghanistan. pdf.
- Bellew, H. W. (1880). The races of Afghanistan: being a brief account of the principal nations inhabiting that country. Thacker, Spink, and Company.
- Dollot, R. (1937). L'Afghanistan: histoire, description, moeurs et coutumes, folklore, fouilles. Payot.
- Effects of Ethnicity and Political Participation on the Stability of Afghanistan. (2024). https://afgreview.com/?p=1889 (in Persian)
- Kaveh, A. (2022). Republicanism and Federalism in the Territory of Talibanism, Publisher: Simorgh Cultural Institute. https://tinyurl.com/5n8kythf (in Persian).
- Orywal, E. (1986). Die ethnischen Gruppen Afghanistans: Fallstudien zu Gruppenidentität u. Intergruppenbeziehungen. Reichert.
- Pstrusinska, J. (1990). Afghanistan 1989 in sociolinguistic perspective. Society for Central Asian Studies.
- Publication Series on Promoting Democracy under Conditions of State Fragility, 2024, Issue 1: Afghanistan. (2024). https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/afghanistan_en.pdf
- Qiyami, F. (2018). Why is the issue of ethnicism being promoted in Afghanistan? Publisher. Pajhwok, Afghan, New, https://tinyurl.com/4cxp5dnx (in Persian).
- Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban: militant Islam, oil and fundamentalism in Central Asia. Yale University Press.
- Rieck, A. (1997). Afghanistan's Taliban: an Islamic revolution of the Pashtuns. Orient, 38(1), 121-142.
- Roy, O. (1990). Islam and resistance in Afghanistan (Vol. 8). Cambridge University Press.
- Schetter, C. (2004). Der Afghanistankrieg: Die Ethnisierung eines Konflikts. Internationales Asienforum, 33 (1-2), 15-29.
- Setez, M. (2015). changing from subject to citizen; a decade of democracy in Afghanistan, publisher. BBC website, https://tinyurl.com/54cpfpwj (in Persian).
- Shahrani, M. N. (1986). State building and social fragmentation in Afghanistan: a historical perspective (pp. 23-74). Syracuse University Press.
- Shahrani, N. (2018) Pathology of Governance and Political Systems in Afghanistan, Publisher. Khorasan Zamin Journal, https://tinyurl.com/y8794px5 (in Persian).
- The Ethnic Composition of Afghanistan. A Six Year Survey and Research (1991-1996). (1999). Wak Foundatıon For Afghanistan.
- Wilber, D. N. et al., 1962). Afghanistan: Its people, its society, its culture. HRAF.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Political Science (Other) |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | March 5, 2025 |
| Publication Date | |
| Submission Date | February 7, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | March 5, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 1 |
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