Research Article
Hava Trafik Kontrolörlerinin İnisiyatif Almadan Çalışmasının Trafiklerin Uçuş Süresine Etkisi ve Maliyeti
Abstract
Türkiye’de hava trafik kontrolörleri, çalışma koşullarındaki ve haklarındaki mağduriyetleri ifade etmek için 9 hafta boyunca belirli günlerde İnisiyatif Almadan Çalışma (İAÇ) kapsamında tam kurallı operasyon uygulamıştır. Bu kapsamda hava trafik kontrolörleri, havacılık prosedürlerini ve kurallarını birebir uygulamıştır. Operasyon emniyeti ve güvenliğini riske atmadan, planlanan hava trafik akışında herhangi bir inisiyatif uygulama olmaksızın operasyon süreci yönetilmiştir. Bu süreç bazı meydanlarda gelen ve giden trafiklerin planlanan zamanlarında uçuşunu gerçekleştirmesini etkilemiş, havada yapılan beklemeleri arttırmış ve bunlarla birlikte uçuş safhalarında genel bir gecikmeye sebep olmuştur. Emniyet hiçbir şekilde riske atılmadan yapılan bu çalışmalar hava trafik kontrolörlerinin, havacılık operasyonlarındaki etkilerini gözler önüne sermek ve havacılık sektörüne olan katkılarını ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemiştir. Bu çalışmada, İAÇ sürecinde yapılan operasyonlar karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiş ve süreç içerisinde oluşan gecikme maliyetlerindeki farklar ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
References
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- Cook, A. J., and Tanner, G. (2015). European airline delay cost reference values. Brussels: EUROCONTROL Performance Review Unit. Erişim Adresi: https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q2614 /european-airline-delay-cost-reference-values
- Delgado, L., Cook, A., Cristóbal, S. and Plets, H. (2015). Controller time and delay costs - a trade-off analysis. Schaefer, D. (Ed.), Fifth SESAR Innovation Days. Bologna: SESAR. Erişim Adresi: https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9x218/controller-time-and-delay-costs-a-trade-off-analysis
- DHMİ. (2022). AIP Türkiye GEN 3.3 hava trafik hizmetleri. Ankara: DHMİ.
- DHMİ. (2023). Hava seyrüsefer hizmetleri emniyet ve adil kültür politikası. Erişim Adresi: https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Ssd/HvSsEmniyetYonetimSbMd/HvSddEmniyetHizmetleriAdilKulturPolitikasi.aspx
- Di Nocera, F., Fabrizi, R., Terenzi, M. and Ferlazzo, F. (2006). Procedural errors in air traffic control: Effects of traffic density, expertise, and automation. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 77, 639-43.
- Edwards, T., Martin, L., Bienert, N. and Mercer, J. (2017). The relationship between workload and performance in air traffic control: Exploring the influence of levels of automation and variation in task demand. In L. Longo, & M. Leva, Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications (pp. 120-139). Cham: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61061-0_8
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- EUROCONTROL. (2023, Nisan 4). All together now 2023. Erişim Adresi: https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/all-together-now-2023
- EUROCONTROL. (2023). Daily punctuality - states. Erişim Adresi: https://www.eurocontrol.int/Economics/DailyPunctuality-States.html
- EUROCONTROL. (2023). Daily traffic variation - states. Erişim Adresi: https://www.eurocontrol.int/Economics/DailyTrafficVariation-States.html
- Fernandes, N., Moro, S., Costa, C. J. and Aparicio, M. (2020). Factors influencing charter flight departure delay. Research in Transportation Business and Management, 34, 0-0. doi:10.1016/j.rtbm.2019.100413
- Galarraga, I., Abadie, L. M., Standfuss, T., Ruiz-Gauna, I. and Goicoechea, N. (2024). An approximation of flights, delays and costs for different forecast scenarios: A backcasting exercise. Heliyon, 10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26480
- HTK-SEN. (2023, Kasım 30). [@htksen]. Erişim Adresi: https://twitter.com/htksen/status/1730213386623844365
- HTK-SEN. (2023, Eylül 9). İnisiyatif almadan çalışma faaliyeti duyurusu. Erişim Adresi: https://www.htksen.org/post/i%CC%87nisiyatif-almadan-%C3%A7al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma-faaliyeti-duyurusu
- ICAO. (2018). Annex 11 - Air traffic services (15. bs.). Montreal: International Civil Aviation Organization.
- ICAO. (2016). Doc 4444 - Procedures for air navigation services (16. bs.). Montreal: International Civil Aviation Organization.
- Reitmann, S. and Schultz, M. (2019). Machine learning approach to predict aircraft boarding. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 98, 391. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2018.09.007
- SHGM. (2023). Air traffic controller. Erişim Adresi: https://web.shgm.gov.tr/en/personali-licences-and-training/2129-air-traffic-controller#:~:text=Air%20traffic%20Controllers%20apply%20many,to%20 pilots%20by%20means%20of
- Skybrary. (2021). Basic controller techniques: direct routing. Erişim Adresi: https://skybrary.aero/articles/basic-controller-techniques-direct-routing
- Skybrary. (2021). How air traffic control works. Erişim Adresi: https://skybrary.aero/articles/how-air-traffic-control-works
- Starita, S., Strauss, A., Fei, X., Jovanovic, R., Ivanov, N., Pavlovic, G. and Fichert, F. (2020). Air traffic control capacity planning under demand and capacity provision uncertainty. Transportation Science, 54, 882-896. doi: https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0962
- Turhan, U., Açıkel, B. ve Güneş, T. (2022). Hava trafik kontrolörlerinin performansını etkileyen faktörler. P. Ünsal, & S. Çeken, Havacılık Psikolojisi: Kavramlar, Araştırmalar, Uygulamalar içinde (s. 471-512). İstanbul: Istanbul University Press. doi:10.26650/B/SS32.2022.04.17
The Effect and Cost of Air Traffic Controllers Working Without Initiative on the Flight Time of Traffic
Abstract
In Türkiye, air traffic controllers implemented full-fledged work on certain days without taking the initiative to express their grievances. In this context, air traffic controllers provide air traffic service by strictly complying with aviation procedures and rules, without taking any initiative in the planned air traffic flow without risking operational safety and security. This situation affects the incoming and outgoing traffic in some airports to perform the operation at the planned times, increases the waiting in the air, and causes a general delay in the flight phases. These execution carried out without risking safety in any way, aim to reveal the effects of air traffic controllers in traffic management and to reveal their contributions to the aviation industry. In this study, operations performed without taking initiative were comparatively analyzed and the differences in operation costs were revealed.
References
- Abadie, L. M., Galarraga, I. and Ruiz-Gauna, I. (2022). Flight delays in Germany: a model for evaluation of future cost risk. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 22(1), 93-117. https://doi.org/10.18757/ejtir.2022.22.1.5936
- Cook, A. J., and Tanner, G. (2015). European airline delay cost reference values. Brussels: EUROCONTROL Performance Review Unit. Erişim Adresi: https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q2614 /european-airline-delay-cost-reference-values
- Delgado, L., Cook, A., Cristóbal, S. and Plets, H. (2015). Controller time and delay costs - a trade-off analysis. Schaefer, D. (Ed.), Fifth SESAR Innovation Days. Bologna: SESAR. Erişim Adresi: https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9x218/controller-time-and-delay-costs-a-trade-off-analysis
- DHMİ. (2022). AIP Türkiye GEN 3.3 hava trafik hizmetleri. Ankara: DHMİ.
- DHMİ. (2023). Hava seyrüsefer hizmetleri emniyet ve adil kültür politikası. Erişim Adresi: https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Ssd/HvSsEmniyetYonetimSbMd/HvSddEmniyetHizmetleriAdilKulturPolitikasi.aspx
- Di Nocera, F., Fabrizi, R., Terenzi, M. and Ferlazzo, F. (2006). Procedural errors in air traffic control: Effects of traffic density, expertise, and automation. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 77, 639-43.
- Edwards, T., Martin, L., Bienert, N. and Mercer, J. (2017). The relationship between workload and performance in air traffic control: Exploring the influence of levels of automation and variation in task demand. In L. Longo, & M. Leva, Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications (pp. 120-139). Cham: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61061-0_8
- EUROCONTROL. (2020). EUROCONTROL standard inputs for economic analyses edition number: 9.0. Brussel: European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation. Erişim Adresi: https://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/2021-03/eurocontrol-standard-inputs-economic-analysis-ed-9.pdf
- EUROCONTROL. (2023, Nisan 4). All together now 2023. Erişim Adresi: https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/all-together-now-2023
- EUROCONTROL. (2023). Daily punctuality - states. Erişim Adresi: https://www.eurocontrol.int/Economics/DailyPunctuality-States.html
- EUROCONTROL. (2023). Daily traffic variation - states. Erişim Adresi: https://www.eurocontrol.int/Economics/DailyTrafficVariation-States.html
- Fernandes, N., Moro, S., Costa, C. J. and Aparicio, M. (2020). Factors influencing charter flight departure delay. Research in Transportation Business and Management, 34, 0-0. doi:10.1016/j.rtbm.2019.100413
- Galarraga, I., Abadie, L. M., Standfuss, T., Ruiz-Gauna, I. and Goicoechea, N. (2024). An approximation of flights, delays and costs for different forecast scenarios: A backcasting exercise. Heliyon, 10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26480
- HTK-SEN. (2023, Kasım 30). [@htksen]. Erişim Adresi: https://twitter.com/htksen/status/1730213386623844365
- HTK-SEN. (2023, Eylül 9). İnisiyatif almadan çalışma faaliyeti duyurusu. Erişim Adresi: https://www.htksen.org/post/i%CC%87nisiyatif-almadan-%C3%A7al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma-faaliyeti-duyurusu
- ICAO. (2018). Annex 11 - Air traffic services (15. bs.). Montreal: International Civil Aviation Organization.
- ICAO. (2016). Doc 4444 - Procedures for air navigation services (16. bs.). Montreal: International Civil Aviation Organization.
- Reitmann, S. and Schultz, M. (2019). Machine learning approach to predict aircraft boarding. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 98, 391. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2018.09.007
- SHGM. (2023). Air traffic controller. Erişim Adresi: https://web.shgm.gov.tr/en/personali-licences-and-training/2129-air-traffic-controller#:~:text=Air%20traffic%20Controllers%20apply%20many,to%20 pilots%20by%20means%20of
- Skybrary. (2021). Basic controller techniques: direct routing. Erişim Adresi: https://skybrary.aero/articles/basic-controller-techniques-direct-routing
- Skybrary. (2021). How air traffic control works. Erişim Adresi: https://skybrary.aero/articles/how-air-traffic-control-works
- Starita, S., Strauss, A., Fei, X., Jovanovic, R., Ivanov, N., Pavlovic, G. and Fichert, F. (2020). Air traffic control capacity planning under demand and capacity provision uncertainty. Transportation Science, 54, 882-896. doi: https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0962
- Turhan, U., Açıkel, B. ve Güneş, T. (2022). Hava trafik kontrolörlerinin performansını etkileyen faktörler. P. Ünsal, & S. Çeken, Havacılık Psikolojisi: Kavramlar, Araştırmalar, Uygulamalar içinde (s. 471-512). İstanbul: Istanbul University Press. doi:10.26650/B/SS32.2022.04.17
There are 23 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Transport Economics, Air Transportation and Freight Services |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 27, 2024 |
| Submission Date | January 1, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | April 25, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 24 Issue: 2 |
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