Abstract
Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a treatable chronic disease with the common usage of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Weight gain and obesity is observed more frequently with ART usage. Aim of this study was to reveal the association of obesity and resting metabolic rate in HIV infected individuals who are under treatment.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, HIV infected individuals’ whom viral loads were supressed with treatment and attending to outpatients clinic in a one month period anthropometric measurements were performed, resting metabolic rates were measured and compared with obese individuals who are not infected with HIV.
Results: In this study 25 HIV infected individuals and 38 obese individuals who are not infected with HIV were included, all of them were male.Mean age was 41.4 and 42.9 years, respectively. The metabolic rate in obese individuals infected with HIV was found to be lower than the obese individuals not infected with HIV.
Conclusion: In our study significant difference was detected in metabolic rates among HIV infected obese individuals and obese individuals not infected with HIV. Decrease in metabolic rate of HIV infected obese individuals whom viral replication is supressed with ART, can suggest the probable effect of ART.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı, Marmara Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’ndan 09-2018-357 karar numarası ile alınmıştır.
Supporting Institution
-
Project Number
-
Thanks
-
References
- 1. de Oliveira BAP, Nicoletti CF, de Oliveira CC, et al. A new resting metabolic rate equation for women with class III obesity. Nutrition. 2018;49:1-6.
- 2. Lam YY, Ravussin E. Analysis of energy metabolism in humans: A review of methodologies. Mol Metab. 2016;5:1057-1071.
- 3. Frankenfield DC, Rowe WA, Smith JS, et al. Validation of several established equations for resting metabolic rate in obese and nonobese people. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103:1152-1159.
- 4. Kawai T, Autieri MV, Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021;320:C375-C391.
- 5. Bailin SS, Gabriel CL, Wanjalla CN, Koethe JR. Obesity and Weight Gain in Persons with HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2020;17:138-150.
- 6. Malessa R, Heimbach M, Brockmeyer NH, et al. Increased neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: relationship to HIV encephalopathy. J Neurol Sci. 1996;136:154-158.
- 7. Girardet C, Marks DL, Butler AA. Melanocortin-3 Receptors Expressed on Agouti-Related Peptide Neurons Inhibit Feeding Behavior in Female Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018;26:1849-1855.
- 8. Domingo P, Villarroya F, Giralt M, et al. Potential role of the melanocortin signaling system interference in the excess weight gain associated to some antiretroviral drugs in people living with HIV. Int J Obes (Lond). 2020;44:1970-1973.
- 9. Weır B.New methods for calculatıng metabolıc rate wıth specıal reference to proteın metabolısm. J Physiol. 1949;109:1-9.
- 10. Johnstone AM, Murison SD, Duncan JS, Rance KA, Speakman JR. Factors influencing variation in basal metabolic rate include fat-free mass, fat mass, age, and circulating thyroxine but not sex, circulating leptin, or triiodothyronine. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82:941-948.
- 11. Weinsier RL, Hunter GR, Zuckerman PA et al. Energy expenditure and freeliving physical activity in black and white women: comparison before and after weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:1138-1146.
- 12. Yu WW, Lee S, Arslanian S, et al. Effects of Exercise on Resting Metabolic Rate in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity. Child Obes. 2021;17:249- 256.
- 13. Huang KC, Kormas N, Steinbeck K, et al. Resting metabolic rate in severely obese diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Obes Res. 2004;12:840-845.
- 14. Kawai T, Autieri MV, Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021;320:C375-C391.
- 15. Baranova A, Song Y, Cao H, et al. Causal Associations Between Basal Metabolic Rate and COVID-19. Diabetes. 2023;72:149-154.
- 16. Miller IM, Rytgaard H, Mogensen UB, et al. Body composition and basal metabolic rate in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a Danish population-based and hospital-based cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30:980-988.
- 17. Kreymann G, Grosser S, Buggisch P, et al. Oxygen consumption and resting metabolic rate in sepsis, sepsis syndrome, and septic shock. Crit Care Med. 1993;21:1012-1019.
- 18. Mey JT, Matuska B, Peterson L, et al. Resting Energy Expenditure Is Elevated in Asthma. Nutrients. 2021;13:1065.
- 19. Buttgereit F, Burmester GR, Brand MD. Bioenergetics of immune functions: fundamental and therapeutic aspects. Immunol Today. 2000;21:192-199.
- 20. Buzón-Martín L. Weight gain in HIV-infected individuals using distinct antiretroviral drugs. AIDS Rev. 2020;22:158-167.
- 21. Shevitz AH, Knox TA, Spiegelman D, et al. Elevated resting energy expenditure among HIV-seropositive persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 1999;13:1351-1357.
- 22. Batterham MJ, Morgan-Jones J, Greenop P, et al. Calculating energy requirements for men with HIV/AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:209-217.
- 23. Osuna-Padilla IA, Aguilar-Vargas A, Villazón-De la Rosa A, et al. Accuracy of Predictive Equations for Energy Expenditure in Mexicans Living With HIV/ AIDS With and Without Antiretroviral Therapy. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018;42:380-386.
- 24. Pernerstorfer-Schoen H, Schindler K, Parschalk B, et al. Beneficial effects of protease inhibitors on body composition and energy expenditure: a comparison between HIV-infected and AIDS patients. AIDS. 1999;13:2389- 2396.
- 25. Mittelsteadt AL, Hileman CO, Harris SR, et al. Effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on resting energy expenditure in adult HIV-infected women-a matched, prospective, cross-sectional study. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113:1037-1043.
Abstract
Amaç: Antiretroviral tedavinin (ART) yaygınlaşması ile insan immün yetmezlik virüsü (HIV) enfeksiyonu tedavi edilebilen kronik bir hastalık halini
almıştır. Kilo artışı ve obezite, ART kullanımı ile giderek daha sık izlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı tedavi altındaki HIV ile enfekte bireylerde obezite
ile istirahat metabolizma hızı arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmada bir ay süresince ardışık olarak polikliniğe başvuran viral yükü tedavi ile baskı altında olan HIV ile enfekte
bireylerin antropometrik ölçümleri yapılıp istirahat metabolizma hızları ölçülerek HIV ile enfekte olmayan obez bireylerle karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 25 HIV ile enfekte birey ve 38 HIV ile enfekte olmayan obez birey dahil edildi. Çalışmaya alınanların tamamı erkekti, yaş
ortalamaları sırasıyla 41,4 ve 42,9 idi. HIV ile enfekte obez bireylerde metabolizma hızı, HIV ile enfekte olmayan obez bireylerden istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı olacak şekilde daha düşük saptandı.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda HIV ile enfekte obez bireyler ile HIV ile enfekte olmayan obez bireyler arasında metabolizma hızında anlamlı farklılık
saptanmıştır. ART ile HIV virüsü replikasyonu kontrol altında tutulan HIV ile enfekte obez bireylerde metabolizma hızındaki düşüş, olası ART etkisini
düşündürmektedir.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı, Marmara Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’ndan 09-2018-357 karar numarası ile alınmıştır.
Supporting Institution
-
Project Number
-
Thanks
-
References
- 1. de Oliveira BAP, Nicoletti CF, de Oliveira CC, et al. A new resting metabolic rate equation for women with class III obesity. Nutrition. 2018;49:1-6.
- 2. Lam YY, Ravussin E. Analysis of energy metabolism in humans: A review of methodologies. Mol Metab. 2016;5:1057-1071.
- 3. Frankenfield DC, Rowe WA, Smith JS, et al. Validation of several established equations for resting metabolic rate in obese and nonobese people. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103:1152-1159.
- 4. Kawai T, Autieri MV, Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021;320:C375-C391.
- 5. Bailin SS, Gabriel CL, Wanjalla CN, Koethe JR. Obesity and Weight Gain in Persons with HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2020;17:138-150.
- 6. Malessa R, Heimbach M, Brockmeyer NH, et al. Increased neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: relationship to HIV encephalopathy. J Neurol Sci. 1996;136:154-158.
- 7. Girardet C, Marks DL, Butler AA. Melanocortin-3 Receptors Expressed on Agouti-Related Peptide Neurons Inhibit Feeding Behavior in Female Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018;26:1849-1855.
- 8. Domingo P, Villarroya F, Giralt M, et al. Potential role of the melanocortin signaling system interference in the excess weight gain associated to some antiretroviral drugs in people living with HIV. Int J Obes (Lond). 2020;44:1970-1973.
- 9. Weır B.New methods for calculatıng metabolıc rate wıth specıal reference to proteın metabolısm. J Physiol. 1949;109:1-9.
- 10. Johnstone AM, Murison SD, Duncan JS, Rance KA, Speakman JR. Factors influencing variation in basal metabolic rate include fat-free mass, fat mass, age, and circulating thyroxine but not sex, circulating leptin, or triiodothyronine. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82:941-948.
- 11. Weinsier RL, Hunter GR, Zuckerman PA et al. Energy expenditure and freeliving physical activity in black and white women: comparison before and after weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:1138-1146.
- 12. Yu WW, Lee S, Arslanian S, et al. Effects of Exercise on Resting Metabolic Rate in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity. Child Obes. 2021;17:249- 256.
- 13. Huang KC, Kormas N, Steinbeck K, et al. Resting metabolic rate in severely obese diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Obes Res. 2004;12:840-845.
- 14. Kawai T, Autieri MV, Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021;320:C375-C391.
- 15. Baranova A, Song Y, Cao H, et al. Causal Associations Between Basal Metabolic Rate and COVID-19. Diabetes. 2023;72:149-154.
- 16. Miller IM, Rytgaard H, Mogensen UB, et al. Body composition and basal metabolic rate in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a Danish population-based and hospital-based cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30:980-988.
- 17. Kreymann G, Grosser S, Buggisch P, et al. Oxygen consumption and resting metabolic rate in sepsis, sepsis syndrome, and septic shock. Crit Care Med. 1993;21:1012-1019.
- 18. Mey JT, Matuska B, Peterson L, et al. Resting Energy Expenditure Is Elevated in Asthma. Nutrients. 2021;13:1065.
- 19. Buttgereit F, Burmester GR, Brand MD. Bioenergetics of immune functions: fundamental and therapeutic aspects. Immunol Today. 2000;21:192-199.
- 20. Buzón-Martín L. Weight gain in HIV-infected individuals using distinct antiretroviral drugs. AIDS Rev. 2020;22:158-167.
- 21. Shevitz AH, Knox TA, Spiegelman D, et al. Elevated resting energy expenditure among HIV-seropositive persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 1999;13:1351-1357.
- 22. Batterham MJ, Morgan-Jones J, Greenop P, et al. Calculating energy requirements for men with HIV/AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:209-217.
- 23. Osuna-Padilla IA, Aguilar-Vargas A, Villazón-De la Rosa A, et al. Accuracy of Predictive Equations for Energy Expenditure in Mexicans Living With HIV/ AIDS With and Without Antiretroviral Therapy. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018;42:380-386.
- 24. Pernerstorfer-Schoen H, Schindler K, Parschalk B, et al. Beneficial effects of protease inhibitors on body composition and energy expenditure: a comparison between HIV-infected and AIDS patients. AIDS. 1999;13:2389- 2396.
- 25. Mittelsteadt AL, Hileman CO, Harris SR, et al. Effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on resting energy expenditure in adult HIV-infected women-a matched, prospective, cross-sectional study. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113:1037-1043.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Microbiology |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | - |
| Publication Date | March 28, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 77 Issue: 1 |
