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Alkol Kullanımının Tespit ve Takibinde Direkt Etanol Biyobelirteçleri Etil Glukuronit ve Etil Sülfatın İdrar ve Serum Matrislerinde LC-MS/MS Ölçüm Metodunun Geliştirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 76 Issue: 2, 122 - 127, 31.07.2023

Hazal Yılmaz

Abstract

Ethical Statement

İdrar çalışması için yurt dışından temin ettiğim Recipe Chemicals+Instruments GmbH (Münich, Almanya) firmasına ait kalite kontrol ve kalibratör materyalleri, serum çalışması için ise Sigma-Aldrich (Almanya) firmasından temin ettiğim fetal bovine serum kullanılmıştır. Bu sebeple etik kurul iznine gerek bulunmamaktadır. Hasta Onamı: Hasta onayına gerek bulunmamaktadır. Hakem Değerlendirmesi: Editörler kurulu dışında olan kişiler tarafından değerlendirildi.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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References

  • 1. Halter CC, Dresen S, Auwaerter V, Wurst FM, Weinmann W. Kinetics in serum and urinary excretion of ethyl sulfate and ethyl glucuronide after medium dose ethanol intake. Int J Legal Med. 2008;122:123-128.
  • 2. Luginbühl M, Weinmann W, Butzke I, Pfeifer P. Monitoring of direct alcoholmarkers in alcohol use disorder patients during withdrawal treatment and successive rehabilitation. Drug Test Anal. 2019;11:859-869.
  • 3. Barrio P, Teixidor L, Rico N, et al. Urine Ethyl Glucuronide Unraveling the Reality of Abstinence Monitoring in a Routine Outpatient Setting: A Cross- Sectional Comparison with Ethanol, Self Report and Clinical Judgment. Eur Addict Res. 2016;22:243-248.
  • 4. Reisfield GM, Teitelbaum SA, Opie SO, Jones J, Morrison DG, Lewis B. The roles of phosphatidylethanol, ethyl glucuronide, and ethyl sulfate in identifying alcohol consumption among participants in professionals health programs. Drug Test Anal. 2020;12:1102-1108.
  • 5. Ulwelling W, Smith K. The PEth Blood Test in the Security Environment: What it is; Why it is Important; and Interpretative Guidelines. J Forensic Sci. 2018;63:1634-1640.
  • 6. Fucci N, Gili A, Aroni K, et al. Monitoring people at risk of drinking by arapid urinary ethyl glucuronide test. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2017;10:155-162.
  • 7. Walsham NE, Sherwood RA. Ethyl glucuronide. Ann Clin Biochem.2012;49:110-117.
  • 8. Grodin EN, Nguyen XT, Ho D, Bujarski S, Ray LA. Sensitivity and specificity ofa commercial urinary ethyl glucuronide (ETG) test in heavy drinkers. AddictBehav Rep. 2020;11:100249.
  • 9. Hernández Redondo A, Schroeck A, Kneubuehl B, Weinmann W. Determination of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate from dried blood spots. Int J Legal Med. 2013;127:769-775.
  • 10. Aşıcıoğlu F, Mutlu E, Belce A. The Importance of Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulphate Analysis in Forensic Cases. Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2019;16:64-69.
  • 11. Helander A, Olsson I, Dahl H. Postcollection synthesis of ethyl glucuronide by bacteria in urine may cause false identification of alcohol consumption. Clin Chem. 2007;53:1855-1857.
  • 12. Arndt T, Beyreiß R, Schröfel S, Stemmerich K. Cross-reaction of propyl and butyl alcohol glucuronides with an ethyl glucuronide enzyme immunoassay. Forensic Sci Int. 2014;241:84-86.
  • 13. Arndt T, Grüner J, Schröfel S, Stemmerich K. False-positive ethyl glucuronide immunoassay screening caused by a propyl alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;223:359-363.
  • 14. Arndt T, Gierten B, Güssregen B, Werle A, Grüner J. False-positive ethyl glucuronide immunoassay screening associated with chloral hydrate medication as confirmed by LC-MS/MS and self-medication. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;184:e27-29.
  • 15. Berg T, Eliassen E, Jørgenrud B, Kabashi S, Petukhov A, Bogstrand ST. Determination of phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 in whole blood by 96- well supported liquid extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS. J Clin Lab Anal. 2019;33:e22631.

Development of LC-MS/MS Method of Measurement of Direct Ethanol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronid and Ethyl Sulfate in Urine and Serum Matriches in Detection and Tracking of Alcohol Use

Year 2023, Volume: 76 Issue: 2, 122 - 127, 31.07.2023

Hazal Yılmaz

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to develop an easy and cost-effective analysis methodology that provides the qualitative and quantitative detection of
EtG and EtS in urine and serum matrices.

Materials and Methods: For the simultaneous quantification of EtG and EtS biomarkers in urine and serum, an LC-MS/MS method with fast and reliable sample preparation protocols with 5 minutes analysis time has been developed and validated. Two product ions along with the precursor ions of both alcohol metabolites were monitored and the deuteron-derivative of EtG was used as an internal standard, for increasing the reliability of the results.

Results: The validation parameters and obtained values were investigated based on international guidelines.They were found within acceptable ranges. Thus, sensitive determination of EtG and EtS in urine/serum samples was achieved with a simple sample preparation protocol which could be automated.

Conclusion: In this study, a simple LC-MS/MS based analytical methodology has been developed for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of EtG and EtS in urine and serum matrices. Time-consuming and costly processes such as chemical modification (derivatization), matrix cleaning with SPEcartridges or concentration were not applied at any step of sample preparation. The developed analytical method has been validated within theframework of internationally accepted biochemical analytical method development guidelines.

Keywords

Alcohol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronide Ethyl Sulphate Alcohol Use Disorder LC-ESI-MS/MS

Project Number

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References

  • 1. Halter CC, Dresen S, Auwaerter V, Wurst FM, Weinmann W. Kinetics in serum and urinary excretion of ethyl sulfate and ethyl glucuronide after medium dose ethanol intake. Int J Legal Med. 2008;122:123-128.
  • 2. Luginbühl M, Weinmann W, Butzke I, Pfeifer P. Monitoring of direct alcoholmarkers in alcohol use disorder patients during withdrawal treatment and successive rehabilitation. Drug Test Anal. 2019;11:859-869.
  • 3. Barrio P, Teixidor L, Rico N, et al. Urine Ethyl Glucuronide Unraveling the Reality of Abstinence Monitoring in a Routine Outpatient Setting: A Cross- Sectional Comparison with Ethanol, Self Report and Clinical Judgment. Eur Addict Res. 2016;22:243-248.
  • 4. Reisfield GM, Teitelbaum SA, Opie SO, Jones J, Morrison DG, Lewis B. The roles of phosphatidylethanol, ethyl glucuronide, and ethyl sulfate in identifying alcohol consumption among participants in professionals health programs. Drug Test Anal. 2020;12:1102-1108.
  • 5. Ulwelling W, Smith K. The PEth Blood Test in the Security Environment: What it is; Why it is Important; and Interpretative Guidelines. J Forensic Sci. 2018;63:1634-1640.
  • 6. Fucci N, Gili A, Aroni K, et al. Monitoring people at risk of drinking by arapid urinary ethyl glucuronide test. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2017;10:155-162.
  • 7. Walsham NE, Sherwood RA. Ethyl glucuronide. Ann Clin Biochem.2012;49:110-117.
  • 8. Grodin EN, Nguyen XT, Ho D, Bujarski S, Ray LA. Sensitivity and specificity ofa commercial urinary ethyl glucuronide (ETG) test in heavy drinkers. AddictBehav Rep. 2020;11:100249.
  • 9. Hernández Redondo A, Schroeck A, Kneubuehl B, Weinmann W. Determination of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate from dried blood spots. Int J Legal Med. 2013;127:769-775.
  • 10. Aşıcıoğlu F, Mutlu E, Belce A. The Importance of Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulphate Analysis in Forensic Cases. Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2019;16:64-69.
  • 11. Helander A, Olsson I, Dahl H. Postcollection synthesis of ethyl glucuronide by bacteria in urine may cause false identification of alcohol consumption. Clin Chem. 2007;53:1855-1857.
  • 12. Arndt T, Beyreiß R, Schröfel S, Stemmerich K. Cross-reaction of propyl and butyl alcohol glucuronides with an ethyl glucuronide enzyme immunoassay. Forensic Sci Int. 2014;241:84-86.
  • 13. Arndt T, Grüner J, Schröfel S, Stemmerich K. False-positive ethyl glucuronide immunoassay screening caused by a propyl alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;223:359-363.
  • 14. Arndt T, Gierten B, Güssregen B, Werle A, Grüner J. False-positive ethyl glucuronide immunoassay screening associated with chloral hydrate medication as confirmed by LC-MS/MS and self-medication. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;184:e27-29.
  • 15. Berg T, Eliassen E, Jørgenrud B, Kabashi S, Petukhov A, Bogstrand ST. Determination of phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 in whole blood by 96- well supported liquid extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS. J Clin Lab Anal. 2019;33:e22631.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forensic Medicine
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hazal Yılmaz 0000-0002-6627-0834

Project Number -
Publication Date July 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 76 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yılmaz, H. (2023). Development of LC-MS/MS Method of Measurement of Direct Ethanol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronid and Ethyl Sulfate in Urine and Serum Matriches in Detection and Tracking of Alcohol Use. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 76(2), 122-127. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2023.88156
AMA Yılmaz H. Development of LC-MS/MS Method of Measurement of Direct Ethanol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronid and Ethyl Sulfate in Urine and Serum Matriches in Detection and Tracking of Alcohol Use. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. July 2023;76(2):122-127. doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2023.88156
Chicago Yılmaz, Hazal. “Development of LC-MS/MS Method of Measurement of Direct Ethanol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronid and Ethyl Sulfate in Urine and Serum Matriches in Detection and Tracking of Alcohol Use”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 76, no. 2 (July 2023): 122-27. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2023.88156.
EndNote Yılmaz H (July 1, 2023) Development of LC-MS/MS Method of Measurement of Direct Ethanol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronid and Ethyl Sulfate in Urine and Serum Matriches in Detection and Tracking of Alcohol Use. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 76 2 122–127.
IEEE H. Yılmaz, “Development of LC-MS/MS Method of Measurement of Direct Ethanol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronid and Ethyl Sulfate in Urine and Serum Matriches in Detection and Tracking of Alcohol Use”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 122–127, 2023, doi: 10.4274/atfm.galenos.2023.88156.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Hazal. “Development of LC-MS/MS Method of Measurement of Direct Ethanol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronid and Ethyl Sulfate in Urine and Serum Matriches in Detection and Tracking of Alcohol Use”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 76/2 (July 2023), 122-127. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2023.88156.
JAMA Yılmaz H. Development of LC-MS/MS Method of Measurement of Direct Ethanol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronid and Ethyl Sulfate in Urine and Serum Matriches in Detection and Tracking of Alcohol Use. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2023;76:122–127.
MLA Yılmaz, Hazal. “Development of LC-MS/MS Method of Measurement of Direct Ethanol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronid and Ethyl Sulfate in Urine and Serum Matriches in Detection and Tracking of Alcohol Use”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 76, no. 2, 2023, pp. 122-7, doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2023.88156.
Vancouver Yılmaz H. Development of LC-MS/MS Method of Measurement of Direct Ethanol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronid and Ethyl Sulfate in Urine and Serum Matriches in Detection and Tracking of Alcohol Use. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2023;76(2):122-7.
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