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Sezaryen Doğum Öyküsü Olan Gebelerde Doğum Korkusunun Belirleyicileri

Year 2022, Volume: 75 Issue: 3, 441 - 447, 18.10.2022

Elçin Özçelik Eroğlu

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada önceki gebeliklerinde sezaryen doğum öyküsü olan gebelerdeki doğum korkusu ve doğum korkusu ile ilişkili etkenlerin
incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya gebe polikliniğinde takip edilen, daha önce sezaryen doğum öyküsü olan ve şimdiki gebeliklerinin 24.-40. haftaları
arasında olan gebeler dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm gebeler için yaş, eğitim düzeyi, şimdiki gebelik ve önceki gebelikler ile ilgili bilgiler,
psikiyatrik ve dahili hastalık öyküsü, cinsel işlevlerle ilgili bilgilerin olduğu sosyodemografik bilgi formu dolduruldu ve klinik bilgileri kaydedildi. Tüm
gebeler Beck depresyon ölçeği (BDÖ), Beck anksiyete ölçeğini (BAÖ) doldurdular.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 131 gebe dahil edildi ve %74,4’ü doğum korkusu yaşadıklarını beyan etti. Doğum korkusu yaşayan gebelerin istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı oranda daha fazla vajinal muayene sırasında korku yaşadığı, cinsel ilişki sırasında ağrı/kasılma bildirdiği ve cinsel ilişki sırasında ağrı/kasılma yaşayacağına dair korku ifade ettiği; BDÖ ve BAÖ puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Lojistik regresyon analizinde eğitim düzeyi, vajinal
muayenede korku, cinsel ilişki sırasındaki ağrı korkusunun doğum korkusunu predikte ettiği bulundu.

Sonuç: Sezaryen öyküsü olan gebelerde de yüksek oranda doğum görülmektedir ve bu gebelerde vajinismus doğum korkusu açısından önemli bir risk
faktörüdür. Vajinismusun tüm gebelerde sorgulanması hem gebelik takipleri hem de elektif sezaryen oranlarının düşürülmesine katkıda bulunacaktır.

Keywords

Sezaryen Doğum Doğum Korkusu Gebelik Vajinismus

Ethical Statement

-

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

  • 1. Koyuncu SB, Bülbül M. The impact of yoga on fear of childbirth and childbirth self-efficacy among third trimester pregnants. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021;44:101438.
  • 2. Slade P, Balling K, Sheen K, et al. Establishing a valid construct of fear of childbirth: findings from in-depth interviews with women and midwives. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:96.
  • 3. Lukasse M, Schei B, Ryding EL, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth in six European countries. Sexual% Reproductive Healthcare. 2014;5:99-106.
  • 4. Mortazavi F, Agah J. Childbirth fear and associated factors in a sample of pregnant Iranian women. Oman Medical Journal. 2018;33:497-505.
  • 5. O’Connell MA, Leahy‐Warren P, Kenny LC, et al. The prevalence and risk factors of fear of childbirth among pregnant women: A cross‐sectional study in Ireland. Acta Obstetrica et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2109;98:1014-1023.
  • 6. Gökçe İsbir G, Serçekuş P, Yenal K, et al. The prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth among Turkish pregnant women. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2022;28:1-16.
  • 7. Storksen HT, Eberhard-Gran M, Garthus-Niegel S, et al. Fear of childbirth; the relation to anxiety and depression. Acta Obstetrica et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2012;91:237-242.
  • 8. Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Halmesmäki E, et al. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG. 2009;116:67-73.
  • 9. Phunyammalee M, Buayaem T, Boriboonhirunsarn D. Fear of childbirth and associated factors among low-risk pregnant women. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;39:763-767.
  • 10. Fairbrother N, Collardeau F, Albert A, et al. Screening for Perinatal Anxiety Using the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire: A New Measure of Fear of Childbirth. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:2223.
  • 11. Hildingsson I, Nilsson C, Karlstrom A, et al. A longitudinal survey of childbirth‐related fear and associated factors. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2011;40:532‐543.
  • 12. Beck AT. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatr. 1961;4:561-571.
  • 13. Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği. Psikoloji Dergisi.1987;3-13.
  • 14. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, et al. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1998;56:893-897.
  • 15. Ulusoy M, Hisli Şahin N, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 1998;12:163-172.
  • 16. Hopkins KD, Weeks DL. Tests for normality and measures of skewness and kurtosis: Their place in research reporting. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 1990;50:717-719.
  • 17. DeCarlo LT. On the meaning and use of kurtosis. Psychological Methods. 1997;2:292-307.
  • 18. Wijma K, Wijma B, Zar M. Psychosomatic aspects of W-DEQ: A new questionnaire for measurement of fear of childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric and Gynecology. 1998;9:84-97.
  • 19. Korukcu O, Kukulu K, Firat MZ. The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) with pregnant women. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2012;19:193-202.
  • 20. Deliktaş A, Kukulu K. Pregnant women in Turkey experience severe fear of childbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 2019;30:501-511.
  • 21. Mohamamdirizi S, Mohamadirizi M, Mohamadirizi S. The comparison of fear of childbirth and sense of coherence among low-risk and highrisk pregnancy women. Journal of Eduaiton and Health Promotion. 2018; 27:143.
  • 22. Wigert H, Nilsson C, Dencker A, et al. Women’s experiences of fear of childbirth: a metasynthesis of qualitative studies. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2020;15:1704484.
  • 23. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013 [dsm.psychiatryonline.org]. Accessed 1 June 2013.
  • 24. Achour R, Koch M, Zgueb Y, et al. Vaginismus and pregnancy: epidemiological profile and management difficulties. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2019;12:137-143.
  • 25. Goldsmith T, Levy A, Sheiner E. Vaginismus as an independent risk factor for cesarean delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22:863-866.
  • 26. Nguyen RHN, Stewart EG, Harlow BL. A population-based study of pregnancy and delivery characteristics among women with vulvodynia. Pain Ther. 2012;1:2.
  • 27. Möller L, Josefsson A, Bladh M, et al. Reproduction and mode of delivery in women with vaginismus or localised provoked vestibulodynia: a Swedish register-based study. BJOG. 2015;122:329-334.
  • 28. Molgora S, Fenaroli V, Prino LE, et al. Fear of childbirth in primiparous Italian pregnant women: The role of anxiety, depression, and couple adjustment. Women Birth. 2018;31:117-123.
  • 29. Laursen M, Hedegaard M, Johansen C. Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG. 2008;115:354-360.

Determinants of Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women with a History of Cesarean Delivery

Year 2022, Volume: 75 Issue: 3, 441 - 447, 18.10.2022

Elçin Özçelik Eroğlu

Abstract

Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to examine the fear of childbirth (FOC) and the factors associated with FOC in pregnant women who had a
history of cesarean section in their previous pregnancies.

Materials and Methods: The study included pregnant women who were followed up in the pregnant outpatient clinic, had a history of previous
cesarean section, and were between the 24th and 40th weeks of their current pregnancies. A sociodemographic and clinical information form, which
included information about age, education level, current pregnancy and previous pregnancies, psychiatric and internal disease history, and sexual
functions, was filled in for all pregnant women in the study. All pregnant women completed the Beck depression inventory (BDI) and Beck anxiety
inventory (BAI).

Results: One hundred and thirty-one pregnant women were included in the study and 74.4% of them declared that they experienced significant
FOC. It was determined that the pregnant women with FOC experienced statistically significantly more fear during vaginal examination, reported
pain/contraction during sexual intercourse, expressed fear that they would experience pain/contraction during sexual intercourse and higher scores
of BDI, BAI. In logistic regression analysis, it was found that education level, fear in vaginal examination, and fear of pain during sexual intercourse
predicted the FOC.

Conclusion: A high rate of FOC is also seen in pregnant women with a history of cesarean section, and vaginismus is an important risk factor for
FOC in these women. Questioning vaginismus in all pregnant women will contribute to both pregnancy follow-ups and decreasing the rates of
elective cesarean section.

Keywords

Cesarean Section Fear Of Childbirth Pregnancy Vaginismus

Ethical Statement

The study was approved the ethics committee of Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital (date: 27.05.2013, approval no: 41).

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

  • 1. Koyuncu SB, Bülbül M. The impact of yoga on fear of childbirth and childbirth self-efficacy among third trimester pregnants. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021;44:101438.
  • 2. Slade P, Balling K, Sheen K, et al. Establishing a valid construct of fear of childbirth: findings from in-depth interviews with women and midwives. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:96.
  • 3. Lukasse M, Schei B, Ryding EL, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth in six European countries. Sexual% Reproductive Healthcare. 2014;5:99-106.
  • 4. Mortazavi F, Agah J. Childbirth fear and associated factors in a sample of pregnant Iranian women. Oman Medical Journal. 2018;33:497-505.
  • 5. O’Connell MA, Leahy‐Warren P, Kenny LC, et al. The prevalence and risk factors of fear of childbirth among pregnant women: A cross‐sectional study in Ireland. Acta Obstetrica et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2109;98:1014-1023.
  • 6. Gökçe İsbir G, Serçekuş P, Yenal K, et al. The prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth among Turkish pregnant women. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2022;28:1-16.
  • 7. Storksen HT, Eberhard-Gran M, Garthus-Niegel S, et al. Fear of childbirth; the relation to anxiety and depression. Acta Obstetrica et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2012;91:237-242.
  • 8. Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Halmesmäki E, et al. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG. 2009;116:67-73.
  • 9. Phunyammalee M, Buayaem T, Boriboonhirunsarn D. Fear of childbirth and associated factors among low-risk pregnant women. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;39:763-767.
  • 10. Fairbrother N, Collardeau F, Albert A, et al. Screening for Perinatal Anxiety Using the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire: A New Measure of Fear of Childbirth. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:2223.
  • 11. Hildingsson I, Nilsson C, Karlstrom A, et al. A longitudinal survey of childbirth‐related fear and associated factors. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2011;40:532‐543.
  • 12. Beck AT. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatr. 1961;4:561-571.
  • 13. Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği. Psikoloji Dergisi.1987;3-13.
  • 14. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, et al. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1998;56:893-897.
  • 15. Ulusoy M, Hisli Şahin N, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 1998;12:163-172.
  • 16. Hopkins KD, Weeks DL. Tests for normality and measures of skewness and kurtosis: Their place in research reporting. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 1990;50:717-719.
  • 17. DeCarlo LT. On the meaning and use of kurtosis. Psychological Methods. 1997;2:292-307.
  • 18. Wijma K, Wijma B, Zar M. Psychosomatic aspects of W-DEQ: A new questionnaire for measurement of fear of childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric and Gynecology. 1998;9:84-97.
  • 19. Korukcu O, Kukulu K, Firat MZ. The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) with pregnant women. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2012;19:193-202.
  • 20. Deliktaş A, Kukulu K. Pregnant women in Turkey experience severe fear of childbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 2019;30:501-511.
  • 21. Mohamamdirizi S, Mohamadirizi M, Mohamadirizi S. The comparison of fear of childbirth and sense of coherence among low-risk and highrisk pregnancy women. Journal of Eduaiton and Health Promotion. 2018; 27:143.
  • 22. Wigert H, Nilsson C, Dencker A, et al. Women’s experiences of fear of childbirth: a metasynthesis of qualitative studies. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2020;15:1704484.
  • 23. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013 [dsm.psychiatryonline.org]. Accessed 1 June 2013.
  • 24. Achour R, Koch M, Zgueb Y, et al. Vaginismus and pregnancy: epidemiological profile and management difficulties. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2019;12:137-143.
  • 25. Goldsmith T, Levy A, Sheiner E. Vaginismus as an independent risk factor for cesarean delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22:863-866.
  • 26. Nguyen RHN, Stewart EG, Harlow BL. A population-based study of pregnancy and delivery characteristics among women with vulvodynia. Pain Ther. 2012;1:2.
  • 27. Möller L, Josefsson A, Bladh M, et al. Reproduction and mode of delivery in women with vaginismus or localised provoked vestibulodynia: a Swedish register-based study. BJOG. 2015;122:329-334.
  • 28. Molgora S, Fenaroli V, Prino LE, et al. Fear of childbirth in primiparous Italian pregnant women: The role of anxiety, depression, and couple adjustment. Women Birth. 2018;31:117-123.
  • 29. Laursen M, Hedegaard M, Johansen C. Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG. 2008;115:354-360.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychiatry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Elçin Özçelik Eroğlu 0000-0002-2447-7263

Project Number -
Publication Date October 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 75 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Eroğlu, E. Ö. (2022). Determinants of Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women with a History of Cesarean Delivery. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 75(3), 441-447. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.24861
AMA Eroğlu EÖ. Determinants of Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women with a History of Cesarean Delivery. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. October 2022;75(3):441-447. doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.24861
Chicago Eroğlu, Elçin Özçelik. “Determinants of Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women With a History of Cesarean Delivery”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 75, no. 3 (October 2022): 441-47. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.24861.
EndNote Eroğlu EÖ (October 1, 2022) Determinants of Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women with a History of Cesarean Delivery. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 75 3 441–447.
IEEE E. Ö. Eroğlu, “Determinants of Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women with a History of Cesarean Delivery”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 441–447, 2022, doi: 10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.24861.
ISNAD Eroğlu, Elçin Özçelik. “Determinants of Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women With a History of Cesarean Delivery”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 75/3 (October 2022), 441-447. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.24861.
JAMA Eroğlu EÖ. Determinants of Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women with a History of Cesarean Delivery. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2022;75:441–447.
MLA Eroğlu, Elçin Özçelik. “Determinants of Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women With a History of Cesarean Delivery”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 75, no. 3, 2022, pp. 441-7, doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2022.24861.
Vancouver Eroğlu EÖ. Determinants of Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women with a History of Cesarean Delivery. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2022;75(3):441-7.
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