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The Effects of Pine Processionary Moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams.) on Diameter and Volume Increment in Crimean Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) Forests of Bartın

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 46 - 61, 25.04.2025

İsmet Daşdemir , Yağmur Yeşilbaş

https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1620109

Abstract

The pine processionary moth (PPM) causes damage by eating the needles of trees. It was determined that the normal increment and growth decreased in trees affected by this insect depending on the severity of the epidemic. The aim of this study is to determine the diameter and volume increment losses caused by the PPM in trees in the Crimean pine forests of Bartın province. The research material was obtained from nine temporary trial areas determined in the natural Crimean pine forests of Bartın province. Diameter and height measurements were made on all trees in the trial areas and increment cores were taken from a total of 346 trees. The annual diameter and volume increment values were determined for the period 2010-2021. The period 2015-2017 was determined as loss years. Three classes were created as control, moderate, and high harmful, according to the three-year total diameter increment in the damage years. The differences between the diameter and volume increments of the three classes were checked by the ANOVA and the Duncan test. The effect of climate variables on these differences was examined by the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Erinç Precipitation Efficiency Index. It was understood that increment losses are not affected by the amount of precipitation and temperature. It was determined that there was a 29.89% diameter and 26.72% volume increment loss in the moderate harmful group, and a 40.22% diameter and 35.09% volume increment loss in the high harmful group. Since diameter and volume increment losses have a negative impact on tree wealth and business income, some suggestions were developed to reduce insect damage and ensure sustainable forest management.

Keywords

Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Pinus nigra insect damage increment loss climate-increment relationship

Thanks

This study was produced from the Doctoral Thesis titled "Economic Analysis of Insect Damage in Forests in Terms of Sustainable Forestry (Bartın Case)" conducted at Bartın University Graduate Education Institute, Forest Engineering Department.

References

  • Akalp, T. (2016). Statistical methods. İstanbul University Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University Publication No: 5219, Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 511, 416 pp, İstanbul.
  • Altunışık, A. (2015). Impact of pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni on growth of pine forest in Isparta district. Süleyman Demirel University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry Engineering, Master's Thesis, 64 pp, Isparta.
  • Arnaldo, P.S., Chacim, S., Lopes, D. (2010). Effects of defoliation by the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa on biomass growth of young stands of Pinus pinaster in northern Portugal. Iforest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 3(6): 159.
  • Aukema, J.E., Leung, B., Kovacs, K., Chivers, C., Britton, K.O., Englin, J., Von Holle, B. (2011). Economic impacts of non-native forest insects in the continental United States. Plos one, 6(9), e24587.
  • Bong, C., Richard, J. (2020). Drought and climate change assessment using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for Sarawak River Basin. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 11(4): 956-965.
  • Camarero, J.J., Tardif, J., Gazol, A., Conciatori, F. (2022). Pine processionary moth outbreaks cause longer growth legacies than drought and are linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Science of the Total Environment, 819 (2022) 153041.
  • Can, A. (2020). Quantitative data analysis in the scientific research process with SPSS (9th Edition). Pegem Akademi Publishing, 436 pp, Ankara.
  • Cardil, A., Vepakomma, U., Brotons, L. (2017). Assessing pine processionary moth defoliation using unmanned aerial systems. Forests, 8(10): 402.
  • Carus, S. (2004). Impact of defoliation by the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) on radial, height and volume growth of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) trees in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 32(5): 459-469.
  • Carus, S. (2009). Effects of defoliation caused by the processionary moth on growth of Crimean pines in western Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 37(2): 105-114.
  • Carus, S. (2010a). Radial, height and volume growth of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) five years after defoliation by the pine processionary moth in Turkey. First Serbian Forestry Congress, 53.
  • Carus, S. (2010b). Effect of defoliation by the pine processionary moth (PPM) on radial, height and volume growth of Crimean pine (Pinus nigra) trees in Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(4): 453-60. PMID: 21186719.
  • Cayuela, L., Hódar, J.A., Zamora, R. (2011). Is insecticide spraying a viable and cost-efficient management practice to control pine processionary moth in Mediterranean woodlands? Forest Ecology and Management, 261(11): 1732-1737.
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  • Çanakçıoğlu, H., Mol, T. (1998). Forest entomology harmful and beneficial insects. İstanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Publications, Rectorate No: 4063, Faculty No: 451, ISBN 975-404-487-2, 335 pp, İstanbul.
  • Çatal, Y. (2011). The effects of pine processionary moth (PPM) defoliation degree on radial growth of brutian pine (Pinus brutia). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (21): 4931-4936.
  • Çepel, N. (1978). Forest ecology. İstanbul University Faculty of Forestry Publications, IU Publication No: 2479, Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 257, 534 pp, İstanbul.
  • Çoban, H.O., Eker, M., Özçelik, R., Avcı, M. (2014). Monitoring of damage from cedar shoot moth Dichelia cedricola Diakonoff (Lep.: Torticricidae) by multi-temporal Landsat imagery. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 7(2): 126.
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  • Defne, M. (1954). The situation of Ips sexdentatus boerner bark beetle in Çoruh forests and the damages it causes. İstanbul University Faculty of Forestry Journal, 4(2): 80-91.
  • Dulaurent, A.M., Porté, A.J., Van Halder, I., Vetillard, F., Menassieu, P., Jactel, H. (2012). Hide and seek in forests: colonization by the pine processionary moth is impeded by the presence of nonhost trees. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 14(1): 19-27.
  • Durkaya, A., Durkaya, B., Dal, İ. (2009). The effects of the pine processionary moth on the increment of Crimean pine trees in Bartın, Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(10): 2356-2361.
  • Erinç, S. (1965). An experiment on the effectiveness of precipitation and a new index. Istanbul University Geography Institute Publications, No: 41, 51 pp, İstanbul.
  • Erinç, S. (1996). Climatology and methods (4th Edition). Alfa Basım Publishing Distribution, 538 pp, İstanbul.
  • Erkan, N. (2011). Impact of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams.) on growth of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (21): 4983-4988.
  • Ferracini, C., Saitta, V., Rondoni, G., Rollet, I. (2022). Variables affecting the pine processionary moth flight: a survey in the north-western Italian Alps. Forests, 14(1): 31.
  • Fırat, F. (1973). Dendrometry. İstanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 1800/193, Kutulmuş Press, 359 pp, İstanbul.
  • Gazol, A., Hernández-Alonso, R., Camarero, J.J. (2019). Patterns and drivers of pine processionary moth defoliation in Mediterranean mountain forests. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7: 458. Doi: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00458
  • Gülen, İ. (1959). Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) volume table. İstanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Journal, 9 (1): 97-112.
  • Holmes, T.P. (1991). Price and welfare effects of catastrophic forest damage from southern pine beetle epidemics. Forest Science, 37(2): 500-516.
  • Holmes, T.P., Murphy, E.A., Bell, K.P. (2006). Exotic forest insects and residential property values. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 35: 155-166.
  • Ivantsova, E.D., Pyzhev, A.I., Zander, E.V. (2019). Economic consequences of insect pests outbreaks in boreal forests: A literature review. Журнал Сибирского федерального университета. Гуманитарные науки, 12(4): 627-642.
  • İpekdal, K. (2012). Delimination and phylogeography of the pine processionary moth species, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Dennis&Schiffermüller, 1775) and Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni (Tams, 1924) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Hacettepe University, Institute of Science and Technology, Doctoral Thesis, 176 pp, Ankara.
  • Jacquet, J.S., Orazio, C., Jactel, H. (2012). Defoliation by processionary moth significantly reduces tree growth: A quantitative review. Annals of Forest Science, 69: 857-866.
  • Kalıpsız, A. (1984). Dendrometry. İstanbul University Publication No: 3194, Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 354, 407 pp, İstanbul.
  • Kalıpsız, A. (1988). Statistical methods. İstanbul University Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 3522/394, 558 pp, İstanbul.
  • Kanat, M., Sivrikaya, F. (2004). The effects of chemical control against pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) on diameter increment in Pinus brutia (Ten.) trees in Kahramanmaraş region. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Science and Engineering Journal, 7(2): 60–64.
  • Kanat, M., Alma, M.H., Sivrikaya, F. (2005). Effect of defoliation by Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) on annual diameter increment of Pinus brutia Ten. in Turkey. Annals of Forest Science, 62: 91-94.
  • Kanat, M., Bozali, N., Köse, H., Sivrikaya, F. (2010). The investigation of the effects of pine processionary moth on the annual diameter and height increment in Calabrian pine stands at different ages and site class. Kastamonu University Faculty of Forestry Journal, 10(1): 27-36.
  • Köse, H. (2007). The investigation of the effects of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) on the diameter and length increment in red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stands at different ages in various site class. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Forestry Engineering, Master's Thesis, 27 pp, Kahramanmaraş.
  • Lemoine, B. (1977). Contribution à la mesure des pertes de production causées par la chenille processionaire Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. au Pin maritime dans les Landes de Gascogne. Annals of Forest Science 34(3): 205-214.
  • McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.J., Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scale. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology, Anaheim, CA, pp.17–22.
  • Mısır, N. (2003). Modeling of forest growth for Crimean pine. Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry Engineering, Doctoral Thesis, 209 pp, Trabzon.
  • OGM (2023). Forestry statistics for information on Turkey's forest areas. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Forestry. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane/resmi-istatistikler (Access Date: 13.03.2025).
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Bartın Karaçam Ormanlarında Çam Kese Böceğinin (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams.) Çap ve Hacim Artımı Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 46 - 61, 25.04.2025

İsmet Daşdemir , Yağmur Yeşilbaş

https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1620109

Abstract

Çam kese böceği ağaçların ibrelerini yiyerek zarar yapmaktadır. Bu böceğin arız olduğu ağaçlarda salgının şiddetine bağlı olarak normal artımın ve büyümenin azaldığı saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Bartın ili karaçam ormanlarındaki ağaçlarda çam kese böceğinin neden olduğu çap ve hacim artım kayıplarını tespit etmektir. Araştırma materyali Bartın ili doğal karaçam ormanlarında belirlenen dokuz geçici deneme alanından elde edilmiştir. Deneme alanlarındaki tüm ağaçlarda çap ve boy ölçümleri yapılmış ve toplam 346 adet ağaçtan artım kalemi alınmıştır. 2010-2021 dönem için yıllık çap ve hacim artım miktarları belirlenmiştir. 2015-2017 dönemi zarar yılları olarak tespit edilmiştir. Zarar yıllarındaki üç yıllık çap artım toplamına göre kontrol, orta ve çok zararlı şeklinde üç sınıf oluşturulmuştur. Üç sınıfın çap ve hacim artım değerleri arasında fark olup olmadığı ANOVA ve Duncan testi ile denetlenmiştir. Bu farklara iklim değişkenlerinin etkisi Standardize Yağış İndisi ve Erinç Yağış Etkinlik İndisi ile incelenmiştir. Buna göre 2015-2017 dönemindeki artım kayıplarının yağış ve sıcaklık miktarından etkilenmediği anlaşılmıştır. Böcek zararından dolayı orta zararlı grupta %29,89 oranında çap ve %26,72 oranında hacim artım kaybının, çok zararlı grupta ise %40,28 oranında çap ve %35,09 oranında hacim artım kaybının olduğu saptanmıştır. Çap ve hacim artım kayıpları ağaç serveti ve işletme gelirleri üzerinde olumsuz etki yaptığı için, böcek zararının azaltılmasına ve sürdürülebilir orman yönetiminin sağlanmasına ilişkin bazı öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

Keywords

Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Pinus nigra böcek zararı artım kaybı iklim-artım ilişkisi

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Bartın Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü'nde yürütülen "Sürdürülebilir Ormancılık Açısından Ormanlarda Böcek Hasarının Ekonomik Analizi (Bartın Örneği)" başlıklı Doktora Tezinden hazırlanmıştır.

References

  • Akalp, T. (2016). Statistical methods. İstanbul University Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University Publication No: 5219, Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 511, 416 pp, İstanbul.
  • Altunışık, A. (2015). Impact of pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni on growth of pine forest in Isparta district. Süleyman Demirel University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry Engineering, Master's Thesis, 64 pp, Isparta.
  • Arnaldo, P.S., Chacim, S., Lopes, D. (2010). Effects of defoliation by the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa on biomass growth of young stands of Pinus pinaster in northern Portugal. Iforest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 3(6): 159.
  • Aukema, J.E., Leung, B., Kovacs, K., Chivers, C., Britton, K.O., Englin, J., Von Holle, B. (2011). Economic impacts of non-native forest insects in the continental United States. Plos one, 6(9), e24587.
  • Bong, C., Richard, J. (2020). Drought and climate change assessment using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for Sarawak River Basin. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 11(4): 956-965.
  • Camarero, J.J., Tardif, J., Gazol, A., Conciatori, F. (2022). Pine processionary moth outbreaks cause longer growth legacies than drought and are linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Science of the Total Environment, 819 (2022) 153041.
  • Can, A. (2020). Quantitative data analysis in the scientific research process with SPSS (9th Edition). Pegem Akademi Publishing, 436 pp, Ankara.
  • Cardil, A., Vepakomma, U., Brotons, L. (2017). Assessing pine processionary moth defoliation using unmanned aerial systems. Forests, 8(10): 402.
  • Carus, S. (2004). Impact of defoliation by the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) on radial, height and volume growth of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) trees in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 32(5): 459-469.
  • Carus, S. (2009). Effects of defoliation caused by the processionary moth on growth of Crimean pines in western Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 37(2): 105-114.
  • Carus, S. (2010a). Radial, height and volume growth of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) five years after defoliation by the pine processionary moth in Turkey. First Serbian Forestry Congress, 53.
  • Carus, S. (2010b). Effect of defoliation by the pine processionary moth (PPM) on radial, height and volume growth of Crimean pine (Pinus nigra) trees in Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(4): 453-60. PMID: 21186719.
  • Cayuela, L., Hódar, J.A., Zamora, R. (2011). Is insecticide spraying a viable and cost-efficient management practice to control pine processionary moth in Mediterranean woodlands? Forest Ecology and Management, 261(11): 1732-1737.
  • Çanakçıoğlu, H. (1989). Forest entomology (General Section). İstanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Publications, Rectorate No: 3405, Faculty No: 362, 385 pp, İstanbul.
  • Çanakçıoğlu, H., Mol, T. (1998). Forest entomology harmful and beneficial insects. İstanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Publications, Rectorate No: 4063, Faculty No: 451, ISBN 975-404-487-2, 335 pp, İstanbul.
  • Çatal, Y. (2011). The effects of pine processionary moth (PPM) defoliation degree on radial growth of brutian pine (Pinus brutia). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (21): 4931-4936.
  • Çepel, N. (1978). Forest ecology. İstanbul University Faculty of Forestry Publications, IU Publication No: 2479, Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 257, 534 pp, İstanbul.
  • Çoban, H.O., Eker, M., Özçelik, R., Avcı, M. (2014). Monitoring of damage from cedar shoot moth Dichelia cedricola Diakonoff (Lep.: Torticricidae) by multi-temporal Landsat imagery. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 7(2): 126.
  • Dal, İ. (2007). Effects of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Den. & Schiff.) on increment and growth of black pine stands in the Ulus Forest Enterprise. Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Forestry Engineering, Master's Thesis, 48 pp, Bartın.
  • Dale, V.H., Joyce, L.A., McNulty, S., Neilson, R.P., Ayres, M.P., Flannigan, M.D., Wotton, B.M. (2001). Climate change and forest disturbances: climate change can affect forests by altering the frequency, intensity, duration, and timing of fire, drought, introduced species, insect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, windstorms, ice storms, or landslides. BioScience, 51(9): 723-734.
  • Defne, M. (1954). The situation of Ips sexdentatus boerner bark beetle in Çoruh forests and the damages it causes. İstanbul University Faculty of Forestry Journal, 4(2): 80-91.
  • Dulaurent, A.M., Porté, A.J., Van Halder, I., Vetillard, F., Menassieu, P., Jactel, H. (2012). Hide and seek in forests: colonization by the pine processionary moth is impeded by the presence of nonhost trees. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 14(1): 19-27.
  • Durkaya, A., Durkaya, B., Dal, İ. (2009). The effects of the pine processionary moth on the increment of Crimean pine trees in Bartın, Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(10): 2356-2361.
  • Erinç, S. (1965). An experiment on the effectiveness of precipitation and a new index. Istanbul University Geography Institute Publications, No: 41, 51 pp, İstanbul.
  • Erinç, S. (1996). Climatology and methods (4th Edition). Alfa Basım Publishing Distribution, 538 pp, İstanbul.
  • Erkan, N. (2011). Impact of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams.) on growth of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (21): 4983-4988.
  • Ferracini, C., Saitta, V., Rondoni, G., Rollet, I. (2022). Variables affecting the pine processionary moth flight: a survey in the north-western Italian Alps. Forests, 14(1): 31.
  • Fırat, F. (1973). Dendrometry. İstanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 1800/193, Kutulmuş Press, 359 pp, İstanbul.
  • Gazol, A., Hernández-Alonso, R., Camarero, J.J. (2019). Patterns and drivers of pine processionary moth defoliation in Mediterranean mountain forests. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7: 458. Doi: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00458
  • Gülen, İ. (1959). Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) volume table. İstanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Journal, 9 (1): 97-112.
  • Holmes, T.P. (1991). Price and welfare effects of catastrophic forest damage from southern pine beetle epidemics. Forest Science, 37(2): 500-516.
  • Holmes, T.P., Murphy, E.A., Bell, K.P. (2006). Exotic forest insects and residential property values. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 35: 155-166.
  • Ivantsova, E.D., Pyzhev, A.I., Zander, E.V. (2019). Economic consequences of insect pests outbreaks in boreal forests: A literature review. Журнал Сибирского федерального университета. Гуманитарные науки, 12(4): 627-642.
  • İpekdal, K. (2012). Delimination and phylogeography of the pine processionary moth species, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Dennis&Schiffermüller, 1775) and Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni (Tams, 1924) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Hacettepe University, Institute of Science and Technology, Doctoral Thesis, 176 pp, Ankara.
  • Jacquet, J.S., Orazio, C., Jactel, H. (2012). Defoliation by processionary moth significantly reduces tree growth: A quantitative review. Annals of Forest Science, 69: 857-866.
  • Kalıpsız, A. (1984). Dendrometry. İstanbul University Publication No: 3194, Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 354, 407 pp, İstanbul.
  • Kalıpsız, A. (1988). Statistical methods. İstanbul University Faculty of Forestry Publication No: 3522/394, 558 pp, İstanbul.
  • Kanat, M., Sivrikaya, F. (2004). The effects of chemical control against pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) on diameter increment in Pinus brutia (Ten.) trees in Kahramanmaraş region. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Science and Engineering Journal, 7(2): 60–64.
  • Kanat, M., Alma, M.H., Sivrikaya, F. (2005). Effect of defoliation by Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) on annual diameter increment of Pinus brutia Ten. in Turkey. Annals of Forest Science, 62: 91-94.
  • Kanat, M., Bozali, N., Köse, H., Sivrikaya, F. (2010). The investigation of the effects of pine processionary moth on the annual diameter and height increment in Calabrian pine stands at different ages and site class. Kastamonu University Faculty of Forestry Journal, 10(1): 27-36.
  • Köse, H. (2007). The investigation of the effects of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) on the diameter and length increment in red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stands at different ages in various site class. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Forestry Engineering, Master's Thesis, 27 pp, Kahramanmaraş.
  • Lemoine, B. (1977). Contribution à la mesure des pertes de production causées par la chenille processionaire Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. au Pin maritime dans les Landes de Gascogne. Annals of Forest Science 34(3): 205-214.
  • McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.J., Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scale. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology, Anaheim, CA, pp.17–22.
  • Mısır, N. (2003). Modeling of forest growth for Crimean pine. Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry Engineering, Doctoral Thesis, 209 pp, Trabzon.
  • OGM (2023). Forestry statistics for information on Turkey's forest areas. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Forestry. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane/resmi-istatistikler (Access Date: 13.03.2025).
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There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forestry Politics, Economics and Law
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İsmet Daşdemir 0000-0002-3170-644X

Yağmur Yeşilbaş 0000-0002-6611-9069

Early Pub Date April 21, 2025
Publication Date April 25, 2025
Submission Date January 15, 2025
Acceptance Date March 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 27 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Daşdemir, İ., & Yeşilbaş, Y. (2025). The Effects of Pine Processionary Moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams.) on Diameter and Volume Increment in Crimean Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) Forests of Bartın. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 46-61. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1620109
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