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Trichogramma brassicae'nin (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) bazı biyolojik ve morfolojik özellikleri üzerine arı sütünün etkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 185 - 192, 15.08.2019

Fatemeh Farsı Samaneh Malek Shahkouyi Jamasb Nozarı Vahıd Hosseininaveh

Abstract

Parazitoid arıların beslenmesi biyolojik kontrol ajanlarının etkinliğini sağlamada zorunlu bir faktördür. Doğal kaynakların kalitesi, zindelik ve doğurganlıklarına bağlı olarak parazitoitlerin morfolojilerini, biyolojilerini ve fizyolojilerini farklı yönlerden etkileyebilir. Deneyin arkasındaki mantık, laboratuvar şartlarında farklı konsantrasyonlarda arı sütü (RJ) çözeltisinin parazitizm oranı ve morfolojik özelliklerine (kanat büyüklüğü ve şekil varyasyonu) odaklı olarak Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hym .: Trichogrammatidae) biyolojisi üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Sonuçlar, % 0.5 gml-1 arı sütü / bal suyu çözeltisi ile beslenmenin parazitizm oranını arttırdığını göstermiştir (ortalama = % 75.06 ± SE 6.03, n = 15). En düşük parazitizm oranı, RJ’siz beslenen dişilerde görülmüştür (ortalama = % 46.26 ± SE 8.03, n = 15). Ağırlık matrislerinde şekil değişkenleri olarak önemli farklılıklar vardı, ancak bağımsız örneklem t-testine göre, ağırlık merkezi boyutunda (boyut değişkeni olarak) anlamlı bir fark bulamadık. Besin takviyelerinin arttırılması, T. brassicae'nin bazı biyolojik özelliklerini etkileyebilmiştir. Arı sütünün parazitoid arının morfolojik ve biyolojik özelliklerine faydalı bir etkisi olduğunu savunuyoruz.

Keywords

T. brassicae arı sütü parazitizm oranı geometrik morfometrik biyolojik kontrol

References

  • Ayvaz, A., Karasu, E., Karaborklu, S., & Yilmaz, S. (2008) Dispersal Ability and Parasitization Performance of Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Field and Storage Conditions. Turkish Journal of Biology, 32(2), 127-133.
  • Pinto, J.D. (1999) Systematics of the North American species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). (Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington), 22: 1-287.
  • Li, L.Y. (1994) Worldwide use of Trichogramma for biological control on different crops: A survey. In: Wajnberg, E., Hassan, S.A. (Eds). Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids. CAB International, Oxon. pp. 37–51.
  • Pratissoli, D., & Parra, J.R.P. (2000) Fertility life table of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hym: Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of Tuta absoluta and Phthorimaea operculella (Lep.,Gelechiidae) at different temperatures. Journal of Applied Entomology, 124(9-10), 339-342. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2000.00477.x
  • Gou, X. (1988) Bionomics of Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chang. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Trichogramma and other egg parasitoids, 2, 1986,Ghangzhou, INRA, Paris, pp. 191-195.
  • McDougall, S.J., & Mills, N.J. (1997) The influence of hosts, temperature and food sources on the longevity of Trichogramma platneri. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 83(2), 195-203.
  • Bărnuţiu, L.I., Marghitaş, L.A., Dezmirean, D.S., Mihai, C.M., & Bobis, O. (2011) Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Royal Jelly – Review. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 44(2), 67-72.
  • Morita, H., Ikeda, T., Kajita, K., Fujioka, K., Mori, I., Okada, H., Uno, Y., & Ishizuka, T. (2012) Effect of royal jelly ingestion for six months on healthy volunteers. Nutrition Journal, 11(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-77
  • Pavel, C.I., Marghitaş, L.A.L., Bobiş, O., Dezmirean, D.S., Şapcaliu, A., Radoi, I., & Madaş, M.N. (2011) Biological Activities of Royal Jelly – Review. Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 44(2), 108-118.
  • Vichai, W., & Treetip, R. (2002) Seasonal Variation of Chemical Composition of Royal Jelly Produced in Thailand. Thammasat International Journal of Science and Technology, 7(2), 1-8.
  • Viuda-Martos, M., Ruiz-Navajas, Y., Fermandez-Lopez, J., & Perez-Alvarez, J.A. (2008) Functional Properties of Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly. Journal of Food Science, 73(9), 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00966.x
  • Şik, L., Güvensen, A., Durmuşkahya, C. & Erol, O. (2017) Pollen analysis of honeys from Ardahan/Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(2), 12-19.
  • Kamakura, M. (2011) Royalactin induces queen differentiation in honeybees. Nature, 473(7348), p.478. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10093
  • Sereia, M.J., & Toledo, V.D.A.A.D. (2013) Quality of royal jelly produced by Africanized honeybees fed a supplemented diet. Food Science and Technology, 33(2), 304-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612013005000039
  • Marghitaş, L.A. (2008) Produsele apicole şi principalele lor însuşiri terapeutice. In: Albinele şi produsele lor. , L. A. Mărghitaş, second ed., Ceres, Bucharest, pp. 280-378.
  • Zahmatkesh, E., Najafi, G., Nejati, V., & Heidari, R. (2014) Protective effect of royal jelly on the sperm parameters and testosterone level and lipid peroxidation in adult mice treated with oxymetholone. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 4(1), 43- 52.
  • Ghanbari. E., Nejati, V., Najafi, G., Khazaei, M., & Babaei, M. (2015) Study on the effect of royal jelly on reproductive parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 9(1), 113-120. doi: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4215
  • Lewis, R. (2005) The Infertility Cure: The Ancient Chinese Wellness Program for Getting Pregnant and Having Healthy Babies, ed. Little Brown and Company, 320 pp.
  • Rohlf, F.J., & Marcus, L.F. (1993) A revolution in morphometric. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8(4), 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(93)90024-J
  • Bookstein, F.L. (1996) Biometrics, biomathematics and the morphometric synthesis. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 58(2), 313-365. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02458311.
  • Bertin, A., David, B., Cezilly, F., & Alibert, P. (2002) Quantification of sexual dimorphism in Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda) using outline approaches.Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 77(4), 523–534. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00125.x
  • Rohlf, F.J., & Bookstein, F.L. (eds.). (1990) Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop. Special Publication Number 2, the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, 380p.
  • Zahiri R., sarafrazi A., Salehi L., & Kunkel J.G. (2006) A geometric morphometric study on populations of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in northern Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 38(1), 73- 84.
  • Abdolahi Mesbah, R., Nozari, J., & Dadgostar, S.h. (2015) A geometric morphometric study on geographical populations of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in some parts of Iran. Crop Protection, 4(2), 207-215.
  • Fink, W.L. (1990) Data acquisition for morphometric analysis in systematic biology. Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop, 16-28 May 1990. Special Publication, Michigan, p 318.
  • Rohlf, F.J. (2010a) TpsDig v2.16. Free software available. Available from http://morphometrics.org/morphmet.html (accessed 22 June 2011).
  • Rohlf, F.J. (2010b) TpsRelw v1.49. Free software available. Available from http://morphometrics.org/morphmet.html (accessed 22 June 2011).
  • Lee, J.C., & Heimpel, G.E. (2008) Effect of floral nectar, water, and feeding frequency on Cotesia glomerata longevity. BioControl, 53(2), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-007-9070-8
  • Tian, J.C., Wang, G.W., Romeis, J., Zheng, X.S., Xu, H.X., Zang, & L.S., Lu, Z.X. (2016) Different Performance of Two Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Species Feeding on Sugars. Environmental Entomology, 45(5), 1316-1321. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvw106
  • Russell, E.P., (1989) Enemies Hypothesis: A Review of the Effect of Vegetational Diversity on Predatory Insects and Parasitoids. Environmental Entomology, 18(4), 590-59 9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/18.4.590
  • Hohmann, C.L., Luck, R.F., & Oatman, E.R. (1988) A Comparison of Longevity and Fecundity of Adult Trichogramma platneri (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Reared from Eggs of the Cabbage Looper and the Angumouis Grain Moth, with and without Access to Honey. Journal of Economic Entomology, 81(5), 1307-1312. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/81.5.1307
  • Leatemia, J.A., Laing, J.E., & Corrigan, J.E. (1995) Effects of adult nutrition on longevity, fecundity, and offspring sex ratio of Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).The Canadian Entomologist, 127(2), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent127245-2
  • Olson, D.M., & ANDOW, D.A. (1998) Larval Crowding and Adult Nutrition Effects on Longevity and Fecundity of Female Trichogramma nubilale Ertle, Davis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Environmental Entomology, 27(2), 508-514. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/27.2.508
  • Treacy, M.F., Benedict, J.H., Walmsley, M.H., Lopez, J.D., & Morrison, R.K. (1987) Parasitism of Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs on Nectaried and Nectariless Cotton. Environmental Entomology, 16(2), 420-423. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/16.2.420
  • El-Wahab, A.b.d., Huda, T.E., Elbehery, H., & Farag, N.A. (2016) Evaluation of some Honey Bee Products as Artificial Diets for Rearing the Parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26(2), 309-312.
  • Oliveira, H.N., Zanuncio, J.A.C., Pratissoli, D., & Cruz, I. (2000) Parasitism rate and viability of Trichogramma maxacalii (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) parasitoid of the Eucalptus defoliator Euselasia apison (Lep.: Riodinidae), on eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae). Forest Ecology and Management, 130, 1-6.
  • Segoli, M., & Rosenheim, J. (2015) The effect of body size on oviposition success of a minute parasitoid in nature. Ecological Entomology, 40(4), 483–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12194
  • Kishani Farahani, H., Ashouri, A., Zibaee, A., Abroon, P., & Alford, A. (2016) The effect of host nutritional quality on multiple components of Trichogramma brassicae fitness. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 106(5), 633- 641. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000748531600033X
  • Grenier, S., Grille, G., Basso, C., & Pintureau, B. (2001) Effects of the Host Species and the Number of Parasitoids per Host on the Size of Some Trichogramma Species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 11(1), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150020029709
  • Ventura, D., Bonhomme, V., Colangelo, P., Bonifazi, A., Lasinio, G.J., & Ardizzone, G. (2017) Does morphology predict trophic niche differentiation? Relationship between feeding habits and body shape in four co-occurring juvenile species (Pisces: Perciformes, Sparidae). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 191, 84-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.04.014
  • Querino, R.B., Demoraes, R.C.B., & Zucchi, R. (2002) Relative W arp Analysis to Study Morphological V ariations in the Genital Capsule of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Neotropical Entomology, 31(2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2002000200007.

The effect of royal jelly on some biological and morphological characteristics of Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 185 - 192, 15.08.2019

Fatemeh Farsı Samaneh Malek Shahkouyi Jamasb Nozarı Vahıd Hosseininaveh

Abstract

The feeding of parasitoid wasps is a forcible factor in ensuring the efficiency of biological control agents. The quality of natural resources can affect different aspects of morphology, biology and physiology of parasitoids which are linked to their fitness and fecundity. The logic behind the experiment was to study the effect of different concentrations of royal jelly (RJ) solution, on the biology of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) with focus on rate of parasitism and morphology traits (wing size and shape variation) under laboratory conditions. Results showed that feeding with 0.5% gml-1 royal jelly/honey water solution have increased rate of parasitism (mean= 75.06%± SE 6.03, n=15). The lowest rate of parasitism occurred in females fed without RJ (mean= 46.26%± SE 8.03, n=15). There were significant differences in weight matrices as shape variables, but according to independent sample t-test, we did not find any significant difference in centroid size (as size variable). Enhancing nutritional supplements has been able to influence some biological characteristics of T. brassicae. We argue that there was beneficial effect in royal jelly on morphological and biological traits in parasitoid wasp.

Keywords

T. brassicae royal jelly parasitism rate geometric morphometric biological control

References

  • Ayvaz, A., Karasu, E., Karaborklu, S., & Yilmaz, S. (2008) Dispersal Ability and Parasitization Performance of Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Field and Storage Conditions. Turkish Journal of Biology, 32(2), 127-133.
  • Pinto, J.D. (1999) Systematics of the North American species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). (Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington), 22: 1-287.
  • Li, L.Y. (1994) Worldwide use of Trichogramma for biological control on different crops: A survey. In: Wajnberg, E., Hassan, S.A. (Eds). Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids. CAB International, Oxon. pp. 37–51.
  • Pratissoli, D., & Parra, J.R.P. (2000) Fertility life table of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hym: Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of Tuta absoluta and Phthorimaea operculella (Lep.,Gelechiidae) at different temperatures. Journal of Applied Entomology, 124(9-10), 339-342. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2000.00477.x
  • Gou, X. (1988) Bionomics of Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chang. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Trichogramma and other egg parasitoids, 2, 1986,Ghangzhou, INRA, Paris, pp. 191-195.
  • McDougall, S.J., & Mills, N.J. (1997) The influence of hosts, temperature and food sources on the longevity of Trichogramma platneri. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 83(2), 195-203.
  • Bărnuţiu, L.I., Marghitaş, L.A., Dezmirean, D.S., Mihai, C.M., & Bobis, O. (2011) Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Royal Jelly – Review. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 44(2), 67-72.
  • Morita, H., Ikeda, T., Kajita, K., Fujioka, K., Mori, I., Okada, H., Uno, Y., & Ishizuka, T. (2012) Effect of royal jelly ingestion for six months on healthy volunteers. Nutrition Journal, 11(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-77
  • Pavel, C.I., Marghitaş, L.A.L., Bobiş, O., Dezmirean, D.S., Şapcaliu, A., Radoi, I., & Madaş, M.N. (2011) Biological Activities of Royal Jelly – Review. Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 44(2), 108-118.
  • Vichai, W., & Treetip, R. (2002) Seasonal Variation of Chemical Composition of Royal Jelly Produced in Thailand. Thammasat International Journal of Science and Technology, 7(2), 1-8.
  • Viuda-Martos, M., Ruiz-Navajas, Y., Fermandez-Lopez, J., & Perez-Alvarez, J.A. (2008) Functional Properties of Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly. Journal of Food Science, 73(9), 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00966.x
  • Şik, L., Güvensen, A., Durmuşkahya, C. & Erol, O. (2017) Pollen analysis of honeys from Ardahan/Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(2), 12-19.
  • Kamakura, M. (2011) Royalactin induces queen differentiation in honeybees. Nature, 473(7348), p.478. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10093
  • Sereia, M.J., & Toledo, V.D.A.A.D. (2013) Quality of royal jelly produced by Africanized honeybees fed a supplemented diet. Food Science and Technology, 33(2), 304-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612013005000039
  • Marghitaş, L.A. (2008) Produsele apicole şi principalele lor însuşiri terapeutice. In: Albinele şi produsele lor. , L. A. Mărghitaş, second ed., Ceres, Bucharest, pp. 280-378.
  • Zahmatkesh, E., Najafi, G., Nejati, V., & Heidari, R. (2014) Protective effect of royal jelly on the sperm parameters and testosterone level and lipid peroxidation in adult mice treated with oxymetholone. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 4(1), 43- 52.
  • Ghanbari. E., Nejati, V., Najafi, G., Khazaei, M., & Babaei, M. (2015) Study on the effect of royal jelly on reproductive parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 9(1), 113-120. doi: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4215
  • Lewis, R. (2005) The Infertility Cure: The Ancient Chinese Wellness Program for Getting Pregnant and Having Healthy Babies, ed. Little Brown and Company, 320 pp.
  • Rohlf, F.J., & Marcus, L.F. (1993) A revolution in morphometric. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8(4), 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(93)90024-J
  • Bookstein, F.L. (1996) Biometrics, biomathematics and the morphometric synthesis. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 58(2), 313-365. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02458311.
  • Bertin, A., David, B., Cezilly, F., & Alibert, P. (2002) Quantification of sexual dimorphism in Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda) using outline approaches.Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 77(4), 523–534. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00125.x
  • Rohlf, F.J., & Bookstein, F.L. (eds.). (1990) Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop. Special Publication Number 2, the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, 380p.
  • Zahiri R., sarafrazi A., Salehi L., & Kunkel J.G. (2006) A geometric morphometric study on populations of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in northern Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 38(1), 73- 84.
  • Abdolahi Mesbah, R., Nozari, J., & Dadgostar, S.h. (2015) A geometric morphometric study on geographical populations of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in some parts of Iran. Crop Protection, 4(2), 207-215.
  • Fink, W.L. (1990) Data acquisition for morphometric analysis in systematic biology. Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop, 16-28 May 1990. Special Publication, Michigan, p 318.
  • Rohlf, F.J. (2010a) TpsDig v2.16. Free software available. Available from http://morphometrics.org/morphmet.html (accessed 22 June 2011).
  • Rohlf, F.J. (2010b) TpsRelw v1.49. Free software available. Available from http://morphometrics.org/morphmet.html (accessed 22 June 2011).
  • Lee, J.C., & Heimpel, G.E. (2008) Effect of floral nectar, water, and feeding frequency on Cotesia glomerata longevity. BioControl, 53(2), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-007-9070-8
  • Tian, J.C., Wang, G.W., Romeis, J., Zheng, X.S., Xu, H.X., Zang, & L.S., Lu, Z.X. (2016) Different Performance of Two Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Species Feeding on Sugars. Environmental Entomology, 45(5), 1316-1321. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvw106
  • Russell, E.P., (1989) Enemies Hypothesis: A Review of the Effect of Vegetational Diversity on Predatory Insects and Parasitoids. Environmental Entomology, 18(4), 590-59 9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/18.4.590
  • Hohmann, C.L., Luck, R.F., & Oatman, E.R. (1988) A Comparison of Longevity and Fecundity of Adult Trichogramma platneri (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Reared from Eggs of the Cabbage Looper and the Angumouis Grain Moth, with and without Access to Honey. Journal of Economic Entomology, 81(5), 1307-1312. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/81.5.1307
  • Leatemia, J.A., Laing, J.E., & Corrigan, J.E. (1995) Effects of adult nutrition on longevity, fecundity, and offspring sex ratio of Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).The Canadian Entomologist, 127(2), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent127245-2
  • Olson, D.M., & ANDOW, D.A. (1998) Larval Crowding and Adult Nutrition Effects on Longevity and Fecundity of Female Trichogramma nubilale Ertle, Davis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Environmental Entomology, 27(2), 508-514. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/27.2.508
  • Treacy, M.F., Benedict, J.H., Walmsley, M.H., Lopez, J.D., & Morrison, R.K. (1987) Parasitism of Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs on Nectaried and Nectariless Cotton. Environmental Entomology, 16(2), 420-423. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/16.2.420
  • El-Wahab, A.b.d., Huda, T.E., Elbehery, H., & Farag, N.A. (2016) Evaluation of some Honey Bee Products as Artificial Diets for Rearing the Parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26(2), 309-312.
  • Oliveira, H.N., Zanuncio, J.A.C., Pratissoli, D., & Cruz, I. (2000) Parasitism rate and viability of Trichogramma maxacalii (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) parasitoid of the Eucalptus defoliator Euselasia apison (Lep.: Riodinidae), on eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae). Forest Ecology and Management, 130, 1-6.
  • Segoli, M., & Rosenheim, J. (2015) The effect of body size on oviposition success of a minute parasitoid in nature. Ecological Entomology, 40(4), 483–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12194
  • Kishani Farahani, H., Ashouri, A., Zibaee, A., Abroon, P., & Alford, A. (2016) The effect of host nutritional quality on multiple components of Trichogramma brassicae fitness. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 106(5), 633- 641. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000748531600033X
  • Grenier, S., Grille, G., Basso, C., & Pintureau, B. (2001) Effects of the Host Species and the Number of Parasitoids per Host on the Size of Some Trichogramma Species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 11(1), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150020029709
  • Ventura, D., Bonhomme, V., Colangelo, P., Bonifazi, A., Lasinio, G.J., & Ardizzone, G. (2017) Does morphology predict trophic niche differentiation? Relationship between feeding habits and body shape in four co-occurring juvenile species (Pisces: Perciformes, Sparidae). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 191, 84-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.04.014
  • Querino, R.B., Demoraes, R.C.B., & Zucchi, R. (2002) Relative W arp Analysis to Study Morphological V ariations in the Genital Capsule of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Neotropical Entomology, 31(2), 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2002000200007.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Conservation and Biodiversity
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fatemeh Farsı

Samaneh Malek Shahkouyi

Jamasb Nozarı

Vahıd Hosseininaveh

Publication Date August 15, 2019
Submission Date November 19, 2018
Acceptance Date August 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Farsı, F., Shahkouyi, S. M., Nozarı, J., Hosseininaveh, V. (2019). The effect of royal jelly on some biological and morphological characteristics of Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(2), 185-192.
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{Ek Web of Science Dizinleri: Dizinlenmiş Zooloji Kayıtları] Clavariate Analytic, Medical Reads (RRS), CrossRef;10.46309/biodicon.

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Aberystwyth Üniversitesi; Tüm kütüphaneler; Bath Üniversitesi; Birmingham Üniversitesi; Cardiff Üniversitesi; City University London; CONSER (Not UK Holdings); Edinburgh Üniversitesi; Essex Üniversitesi; Exeter Üniversitesi; Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi; EZB Elektronik Dergiler Kütüphanesi; Feng Chia Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi; GAZİ Gazi Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi; Glasgow Üniversitesi; HEC-Ulusal Dijital Kütüphane; Hull Üniversitesi; Imperial College London; Kaohsinug Tıp Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi; ANKOS; Anadolu Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi; Lancaster Üniversitesi; Libros PDF; Liverpool Üniversitesi; London Metropolitan Üniversitesi; London School of Economics and Political Science; Manchester Üniversitesi; National Cheng Kung Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi; National ILAN Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi; Nottingham Üniversitesi; Açık Üniversite; Oxford Üniversitesi; Queen Mary, University of London; Robert Gordon Üniversitesi; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sheffield Hallam Üniversitesi; Sheffield Üniversitesi; Shih Hsin Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi; Smithsonian Enstitüsü Kütüphaneleri; Southampton Üniversitesi; Stirling Üniversitesi; Strathclyde Üniversitesi; Sussex Üniversitesi; Ulusal Tarım Kütüphanesi (NAL); Ohio Kütüphane ve Bilgi Ağı; Trinity College Dublin; Washington Üniversitesi Kütüphaneleri; Vaughan Anıt Kütüphanesi; York Üniversitesi..

❖ Articles published in the journal “Biological Diversity and Conservation” are freely accessible. No article processing charge (APC) is charged.

❖ Web of Science {Ek Web of Science İndeksleri: Zooloji Kayıtları İndekslidir] Clavariate Analytic
❖ Bu dergi CrossRef;10.46309/biodicon. üyesidir.

❖ Makaleler ve dergi hakkında tüm ayrıntılar için lütfen ” http://www.biodicon.com“ ; "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/yayin/biodicon" adresini ziyaret edin.


❖   Yazışma Adresi: Prof. Ersin YÜCEL, Sazova Mahallesi, Ziraat Caddesi, No.277 F Blok, 26005 Tepebaşı-Eskişehir/Türkiye
❖ E-posta / E-posta: biodicon@gmail.com;
❖ Web Adresi: http://www.biodicon.com; Türkçe: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/biodicon
❖ Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma/ Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma
❖ ISSN 1308-5301 Baskı; ISSN 1308-8084 Çevrimiçi
❖ Yayım Başlangıç ​​Tarihi 2008
❖ © Copyright by Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma/Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma-www.biodicon.com/ adresinden çevrimiçi olarak erişime açıktır. Tüm hakları saklıdır
. ❖ Yayımcı : ERSİN YÜCEL (https://www.ersinyucel.com.tr/)
❖ Bu dergi yılda üç sayı olarak yayımlanır. Eskişehir/Türkiye'de basılmaktadır.
❖ Bu dergide yayımlanan makalelerin her türlü sorumluluğu yazarlarına aittir.
❖ Editör / Genel Yayın Yönetmeni : Prof.Dr. Ersin YÜCEL, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8274-7578