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Determination of the volatile, phenolic and fatty acid contents of Helichrysum plicatum by chromatographic methods

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 83 - 94, 31.12.2024

Yunus Başar , Fatih Gül , Musa Karadağ , Mehmet Hakkı Alma , İbrahim Demirtas , Ahmet Zafer Tel

https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.1600406

Abstract

Helichrysum plicatum, which is widely distributed in Anatolia, is known for its antidiabetic, spasmolytic, nephroprotective and antimutagenic properties and is used in traditional medicine to heal wounds and treat stomach, liver, diabetes and kidney stones. It is assumed that the biological activities of H. plicatum are due to the bioactive components it contains. In this study, the volatile oil substances, phenols and fatty acid contents of H. pilicatum were determined by chromatographic methods. Three different extracts were obtained: ethanol, ethanol-water and methanol-chloroform. Caryophyllene (17.83%) and α-pinene (16.69%) were detected in high amounts in GC-MS/MS analysis of the essential oil. Palmitic acid methyl ester (14.74-26.88%), oleic acid methyl ester (12.23-23.38%), lauric acid methyl ester (17.88-19.91%), octacosane (4.55-17.00%) and stearic acid methyl ester (4.3-14.81%) were also determined as the main components in the analysis of fatty acid content of the extracts. In the phenolic content of the extracts, naringenin and vanillic acid were determined in high amounts in ethanol and ethanol-water extracts, resveratrol and chlorogenic acid in methanol-chloroform extracts. Based on these compounds determined and known to have biological activity, their use in traditional medicine and many other areas was confirmed. It is expected that this study will shed light on in vivo and in vitro studies for detailed phytochemical analysis of H. plicatum plant. Therefore, its use in food, cosmetics and pharmacology can be widespread.

Keywords

fatty acid Helichrysum plicatum phenolic phytochemical analysis volatile oil

Supporting Institution

Iğdır University

Project Number

YİP0723İ01

Thanks

The authors would like to thank TÜBA (Turkish Academy of Sciences), and Iğdır University for the financial support provided by the production of value-added raw materials from agricultural products by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method

References

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  • Acet T, Ozcan K, Zengin G (2020). An assessment of phenolic profiles, fatty acid compositions, and biological activities of two Helichrysum species: H. plicatum and H. chionophilum. Journal of food biochemistry, 44(2): e13128. DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13128
  • Akaberi M, Sahebkar A, Azizi N, Emami SA (2019). Everlasting flowers: Phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Helichrysum. Industrial Crops and Products, 138: 111471. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111471
  • Albayrak S, Aksoy A, Sağdıç O, Budak Ü (2010). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Helichrysum species collected from eastern Anatolia Turkey. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34(4): 463-473. DOI: 10.3906/biy-0901-4
  • Antunes Viegas D, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Salgueiro L, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R (2014). Helichrysum italicum: From traditional use to scientific data. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(1): 54-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.005
  • Aydin T (2020). Secondary metabolites of Helichrysum plicatum DC. subsp. plicatum flowers as strong carbonic anhydrase, cholinesterase and α-glycosidase inhibitors. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 75(5-6): 153-159.
  • Bahadırlı NP, Yıldırım MU, Sarıhan EO (2024). Diurnal and seasonal dynamics in essential oil content and composition of cultivated Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 117: 104888. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2024.104888
  • Bajaj YPS (2012). Medicinal and aromatic plants (Vol. 4). Springer Science and Business Media. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-73026-9
  • Başar Y, Erenler R (2024). Phytochemical analysis of Silybum marianum flowers: Quantitative analysis of natural compounds and molecular docking application. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity, 7(1): 20-31. DOI: 10.38059/biodiversity.1450643
  • Başar Y, Gül F, Nas MS, Alma MH, Çalımlı MH (2024a). Investigation of value-added compounds derived from oak wood using hydrothermal processing techniques and comprehensive analytical approaches (HPLC, GC-MS, FT-IR, and NMR). International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, 8(1): 53-61. DOI: 10.32571/ijct.1365592
  • Başar Y, Hosaflıoğlu İ, Erenler R (2024b). Phytochemical analysis of Robinia pseudoacacia flowers and leaf: quantitative analysis of natural compounds and molecular docking application. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity, 7(1): 1-10. DOI: 10.38059/biodiversity.1446241
  • Bianchini A, Tomi P, Costa J, Bernardini AF (2001). Composition of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don fil. subsp. italicum essential oils from Corsica (France). Flavour and fragrance journal, 16(1): 30-34. DOI:10.1002/1099-1026(200101/02)16:1<30::AID-FFJ941>3.0.CO;2-F
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  • Demir A, Mercanoglu Taban B, Aslan M, Yesilada E, Aykut Aytac S (2009). Antimicrobial effect of Helichrysum plicatum subsp. plicatum. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(4): 289-297. DOI: 10.1080/13880200802590434
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  • Erenler R, Demirtas I, Karan T, Gul F, Kayir O, Karakoc O (2018). Chemical constituents, quantitative analysis and insecticidal activities of plant extract and essential oil from Origanum onites L. Trends in Phytochemical Research, 2(2): 91. DOI: 20.1001.1.25883623.2018.2.2.4.4
  • Erenler R, Telci I, Ulutas M, Demirtas I, Gul F, Elmastas M, Kayir, O (2015). Chemical constituents, quantitative analysis and antioxidant activities of Echinacea purpurea (L.) M oench and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Journal of food biochemistry, 39(5): 622-630. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12168
  • Erenler R, Yıldız İ, Geçer EN, Kocaman AY, Alma MH, Demirtas, İ, Behçet L (2024). Phytochemical analyses of Ebenus haussknechtii flowers: Quantification of phenolics, antioxidants effect, and molecular docking studies. Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine, 5(2): 1-9. DOI: 10.53445/batd.1479874
  • Fujita T, Sezik E, Tabata M, Yesilada E, Honda G, Takeda Y, Tanaka T, Takaishi Y (1995). Traditional medicine in Turkey VII. Folk medicine in Middle and West Black Sea Regions. Economic Botany, 49: 406-422.
  • Gül F, Başar Y, Demirtas İ (2024). Phytochemical content and in silico molecular docking studies of Achillea biebersteinii and Achillea millefolium Plants. Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine, 5(2): 10-24. DOI: 10.53445/batd.1513403
  • Güvenç M, Doğan İ (2024). Effect of Helichrysum plicatum subsp. plicatum on fructose-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver. 18: 23-32. DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005349
  • Handa S (2008). An overview of extraction techniques for medicinal and aromatic plants. Extraction technologies for medicinal and aromatic plants, 1(1): 21-40.
  • Işık N, Mükemre M, Türker RS, Zengin G, Dalar A (2023). Analysis of phytochemical composition and biological activities of Helichrysum pallasii (Sprengel) ledeb leaves. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 10(1): 71-85. DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1132698
  • Kolaylı S, Şahin H, Ulusoy E, Tarhan Ö (2010). Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of Helichrysum plicatum. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 38(4): 269-276.
  • Koldaş S, Demirtas I, Ozen T, Demirci MA, Behçet L (2015). Phytochemical screening, anticancer and antioxidant activities of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. viride (Boiss.) Hayek a plant of traditional usage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95(4): 786-798. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6903
  • Kulevanova S, Stefova M, Stafilov T (2000). HPLC identification and determination of flavone aglycones in Helichrysum plicatum DC.(Asteraceae). Die Pharmazie, 55: 391–392.
  • Lourens ACU, Viljoen AM, van Heerden FR (2008). South African Helichrysum species: A review of the traditional uses, biological activity and phytochemistry. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(3): 630-652. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.011
  • Lubbe A, Verpoorte R (2011). Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants for specialty industrial materials. Industrial Crops and Products, 34(1): 785-801. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.01.019
  • Mastelić J, Politeo O, Jerković I (2008). Contribution to the Analysis of the essential oil of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don.–determination of ester bonded acids and phenols. Molecules, 13(4): 795-803. DOI: 10.3390/molecules13040795
  • Máthé Á, Hassan F, Kader AA (2015). Medicinal and aromatic plants of the world. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants World. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9810-5
  • Meyer JJM, Afolayan AJ, Taylor MB, Erasmus D (1997). Antiviral activity of galangin isolated from the aerial parts of Helichrysum aureonitens. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 56(2: 165-169. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(97)01514-6
  • Perry NS, Bollen C, Perry EK, Ballard C (2003). Salvia for dementia therapy: review of pharmacological activity and pilot tolerability clinical trial. Pharmacology biochemistry and behavior, 75(3): 651-659. DOI:10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00108-4
  • Primitivo MJ, Neves M, Pires CL, Cruz PF, Brito C, Rodrigues AC, de Carvalho CC, Mortimer MM, Moreno MJ, Brito RM (2022). Edible flowers of Helichrysum italicum: Composition, nutritive value, and bioactivities. Food Research International, 157: 111399. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111399
  • Polat R, Cakilcioglu U, Satıl F (2013). Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Solhan (Bingöl—Turkey). Journal of ethnopharmacology, 148(3): 951-963. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.050
  • Sezik E, Tabata M, Yesilada E, Honda G, Goto K, Ikeshiro Y (1991). Traditional medicine in Turkey I. Folk medicine in Northeast Anatolia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 35(2), 191-196.
  • Sezik M, Aslan M, Orhan DD, Erdemoglu E, Pekcan M, Mungan T, Sezik, E. (2010). Improved metabolic control and hepatic oxidative biomarkers with the periconception use of Helichrysum plicatum ssp. plicatum. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 30(2), 127-131. DOI: 10.3109/01443610903474348
  • Silva ACR, Lopes PM, Azevedo MMB, Costa DCM, Alviano CS, Alviano DS (2012). Biological activities of a-Pinene and β-pinene enantiomers. Molecules, 17(6): 6305-6316. DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066305
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Helichrysum plicatum’un uçucu, fenolik ve yağ asidi içeriklerinin kromatografik yöntemlerle belirlenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 83 - 94, 31.12.2024

Yunus Başar , Fatih Gül , Musa Karadağ , Mehmet Hakkı Alma , İbrahim Demirtas , Ahmet Zafer Tel

https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.1600406

Abstract

Anadolu'da yaygın olarak bulunan Helichrysum plicatum, antidiyabetik, spazmolitik, nefroprotektif ve antimutajenik özellikleriyle bilinir ve geleneksel tıpta yaraları iyileştirmek ve mide, karaciğer, diyabet ve böbrek taşlarını tedavi etmek için kullanılır. H. plicatum'un biyolojik aktivitelerinin içerdiği biyoaktif bileşenlerden kaynaklandığı varsayılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada H. pilicatum'un uçucu yağ maddeleri, fenoller ve yağ asidi içerikleri kromatografik yöntemlerle belirlendi. Üç farklı ekstrakt elde edildi: etanol, etanol-su ve metanol-kloroform. Uçucu yağın GC-MS/MS analizinde karyofilen (%17.83) ve α-pinen (%16.69) yüksek miktarlarda tespit edildi. Ekstraktların yağ asidi içeriğinin analizinde ayrıca palmitik asit metil ester (%14.74-26.88), oleik asit metil ester (%12.23-23.38), laurik asit metil ester (%17.88-19.91), oktakosan (%4.55-17.00) ve stearik asit metil ester (%4.3-14.81) ana bileşenler olarak belirlendi. Ekstraktların fenolik içeriğinde etanol ve etanol-su ekstraktlarında yüksek miktarlarda naringenin ve vanilik asit, metanol-kloroform ekstraktlarında ise resveratrol ve klorojenik asit belirlenmiştir. Biyolojik aktivitesi olduğu belirlenen ve bilinen bu bileşiklere dayanarak geleneksel tıpta ve diğer birçok alanda kullanımları doğrulanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın H. plicatum bitkisinin detaylı fitokimyasal analizi için in vivo ve in vitro çalışmalara ışık tutması beklenmektedir. Bu nedenle gıda, kozmetik ve farmakolojide kullanımı yaygınlaştırılabilir.

Keywords

Helichrysum pilicatum fenolik fitokimyasal analiz uçucu yağ yağ asidi

Project Number

YİP0723İ01

References

  • Abay G, Karakoç ÖC, Tüfekçi AR, Koldaş S, Demirtas I (2012). Insecticidal activity of Hypnum cupressiforme (Bryophyta) against Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 51: 6-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2012.05.005
  • Acet T, Ozcan K, Zengin G (2020). An assessment of phenolic profiles, fatty acid compositions, and biological activities of two Helichrysum species: H. plicatum and H. chionophilum. Journal of food biochemistry, 44(2): e13128. DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13128
  • Akaberi M, Sahebkar A, Azizi N, Emami SA (2019). Everlasting flowers: Phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Helichrysum. Industrial Crops and Products, 138: 111471. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111471
  • Albayrak S, Aksoy A, Sağdıç O, Budak Ü (2010). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Helichrysum species collected from eastern Anatolia Turkey. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34(4): 463-473. DOI: 10.3906/biy-0901-4
  • Antunes Viegas D, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Salgueiro L, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R (2014). Helichrysum italicum: From traditional use to scientific data. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(1): 54-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.005
  • Aydin T (2020). Secondary metabolites of Helichrysum plicatum DC. subsp. plicatum flowers as strong carbonic anhydrase, cholinesterase and α-glycosidase inhibitors. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 75(5-6): 153-159.
  • Bahadırlı NP, Yıldırım MU, Sarıhan EO (2024). Diurnal and seasonal dynamics in essential oil content and composition of cultivated Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 117: 104888. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2024.104888
  • Bajaj YPS (2012). Medicinal and aromatic plants (Vol. 4). Springer Science and Business Media. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-73026-9
  • Başar Y, Erenler R (2024). Phytochemical analysis of Silybum marianum flowers: Quantitative analysis of natural compounds and molecular docking application. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity, 7(1): 20-31. DOI: 10.38059/biodiversity.1450643
  • Başar Y, Gül F, Nas MS, Alma MH, Çalımlı MH (2024a). Investigation of value-added compounds derived from oak wood using hydrothermal processing techniques and comprehensive analytical approaches (HPLC, GC-MS, FT-IR, and NMR). International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, 8(1): 53-61. DOI: 10.32571/ijct.1365592
  • Başar Y, Hosaflıoğlu İ, Erenler R (2024b). Phytochemical analysis of Robinia pseudoacacia flowers and leaf: quantitative analysis of natural compounds and molecular docking application. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity, 7(1): 1-10. DOI: 10.38059/biodiversity.1446241
  • Bianchini A, Tomi P, Costa J, Bernardini AF (2001). Composition of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don fil. subsp. italicum essential oils from Corsica (France). Flavour and fragrance journal, 16(1): 30-34. DOI:10.1002/1099-1026(200101/02)16:1<30::AID-FFJ941>3.0.CO;2-F
  • Chauhan NS (1999). Medicinal and aromatic plants of Himachal Pradesh. Indus publishing.
  • Delmas D, Aires V, Limagne E, Dutartre P, Mazué F, Ghiringhelli F, Latruffe N (2011). Transport, stability, and biological activity of resveratrol. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1215(1): 48-59. DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05871.x
  • Demir A, Mercanoglu Taban B, Aslan M, Yesilada E, Aykut Aytac S (2009). Antimicrobial effect of Helichrysum plicatum subsp. plicatum. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(4): 289-297. DOI: 10.1080/13880200802590434
  • Demirci MA, Ipek Y, Gul F, Ozen T, Demirtas I (2018). Extraction, isolation of heat-resistance phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties, characterization and purification of 5-hydroxymaltol from Turkish apple pulps. Food Chemistry, 269: 111-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.147
  • Duran F, Kılıç DD, Tanrıkulu Gİ, Keskiner AA, Baskan C, Sırıken B (2023). In vitro study on antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of methanol extract of Helichrysum plicatum subsp. polyphyllum (Asteraceae). Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Sciences, 5(1): 22-33. DOI: 10.55895/sshs.1220434
  • Erenler R, Demirtas I, Karan T, Gul F, Kayir O, Karakoc O (2018). Chemical constituents, quantitative analysis and insecticidal activities of plant extract and essential oil from Origanum onites L. Trends in Phytochemical Research, 2(2): 91. DOI: 20.1001.1.25883623.2018.2.2.4.4
  • Erenler R, Telci I, Ulutas M, Demirtas I, Gul F, Elmastas M, Kayir, O (2015). Chemical constituents, quantitative analysis and antioxidant activities of Echinacea purpurea (L.) M oench and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Journal of food biochemistry, 39(5): 622-630. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12168
  • Erenler R, Yıldız İ, Geçer EN, Kocaman AY, Alma MH, Demirtas, İ, Behçet L (2024). Phytochemical analyses of Ebenus haussknechtii flowers: Quantification of phenolics, antioxidants effect, and molecular docking studies. Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine, 5(2): 1-9. DOI: 10.53445/batd.1479874
  • Fujita T, Sezik E, Tabata M, Yesilada E, Honda G, Takeda Y, Tanaka T, Takaishi Y (1995). Traditional medicine in Turkey VII. Folk medicine in Middle and West Black Sea Regions. Economic Botany, 49: 406-422.
  • Gül F, Başar Y, Demirtas İ (2024). Phytochemical content and in silico molecular docking studies of Achillea biebersteinii and Achillea millefolium Plants. Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine, 5(2): 10-24. DOI: 10.53445/batd.1513403
  • Güvenç M, Doğan İ (2024). Effect of Helichrysum plicatum subsp. plicatum on fructose-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver. 18: 23-32. DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005349
  • Handa S (2008). An overview of extraction techniques for medicinal and aromatic plants. Extraction technologies for medicinal and aromatic plants, 1(1): 21-40.
  • Işık N, Mükemre M, Türker RS, Zengin G, Dalar A (2023). Analysis of phytochemical composition and biological activities of Helichrysum pallasii (Sprengel) ledeb leaves. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 10(1): 71-85. DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1132698
  • Kolaylı S, Şahin H, Ulusoy E, Tarhan Ö (2010). Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of Helichrysum plicatum. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 38(4): 269-276.
  • Koldaş S, Demirtas I, Ozen T, Demirci MA, Behçet L (2015). Phytochemical screening, anticancer and antioxidant activities of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. viride (Boiss.) Hayek a plant of traditional usage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95(4): 786-798. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6903
  • Kulevanova S, Stefova M, Stafilov T (2000). HPLC identification and determination of flavone aglycones in Helichrysum plicatum DC.(Asteraceae). Die Pharmazie, 55: 391–392.
  • Lourens ACU, Viljoen AM, van Heerden FR (2008). South African Helichrysum species: A review of the traditional uses, biological activity and phytochemistry. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(3): 630-652. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.011
  • Lubbe A, Verpoorte R (2011). Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants for specialty industrial materials. Industrial Crops and Products, 34(1): 785-801. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.01.019
  • Mastelić J, Politeo O, Jerković I (2008). Contribution to the Analysis of the essential oil of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don.–determination of ester bonded acids and phenols. Molecules, 13(4): 795-803. DOI: 10.3390/molecules13040795
  • Máthé Á, Hassan F, Kader AA (2015). Medicinal and aromatic plants of the world. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants World. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9810-5
  • Meyer JJM, Afolayan AJ, Taylor MB, Erasmus D (1997). Antiviral activity of galangin isolated from the aerial parts of Helichrysum aureonitens. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 56(2: 165-169. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(97)01514-6
  • Perry NS, Bollen C, Perry EK, Ballard C (2003). Salvia for dementia therapy: review of pharmacological activity and pilot tolerability clinical trial. Pharmacology biochemistry and behavior, 75(3): 651-659. DOI:10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00108-4
  • Primitivo MJ, Neves M, Pires CL, Cruz PF, Brito C, Rodrigues AC, de Carvalho CC, Mortimer MM, Moreno MJ, Brito RM (2022). Edible flowers of Helichrysum italicum: Composition, nutritive value, and bioactivities. Food Research International, 157: 111399. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111399
  • Polat R, Cakilcioglu U, Satıl F (2013). Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Solhan (Bingöl—Turkey). Journal of ethnopharmacology, 148(3): 951-963. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.050
  • Sezik E, Tabata M, Yesilada E, Honda G, Goto K, Ikeshiro Y (1991). Traditional medicine in Turkey I. Folk medicine in Northeast Anatolia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 35(2), 191-196.
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There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Natural Products and Bioactive Compounds
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yunus Başar 0000-0002-7785-3242

Fatih Gül 0000-0002-4297-786X

Musa Karadağ 0000-0003-2498-3403

Mehmet Hakkı Alma 0000-0001-6323-7230

İbrahim Demirtas 0000-0001-8946-647X

Ahmet Zafer Tel 0000-0002-1204-3839

Project Number YİP0723İ01
Early Pub Date December 31, 2024
Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date December 12, 2024
Acceptance Date December 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Başar, Y., Gül, F., Karadağ, M., Alma, M. H., et al. (2024). Determination of the volatile, phenolic and fatty acid contents of Helichrysum plicatum by chromatographic methods. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity, 7(2), 83-94. https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.1600406
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