Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Agrivoltaic Potential of Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 149 - 162, 26.03.2025

İbrahim Kırbaş

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1558261

Abstract

Agrivoltaic systems, also known as agrivoltaics, represent an innovative approach that combines agricultural activities with solar energy production on the same land. This concept emerged as a solution to the increasing demand for land for food production and the increasing demand for land for energy production. It is also a fact that greenhouse gas emissions will decrease with the increase in agrivoltaic systems and therefore with the increase in clean energy production. This study measures the agricultural potential of Türkiye by region using 1% of Türkiye's farmland, according to TUIK data. In two different PV systems modeled, single-array systems and single-axis tracking configurations will be used. It will also enable the traditional farming of crops (and potentially increase efficiency). The results of the study determined that 398 GWh of electricity would be produced in the single array system and 445 GWh in the single-axis tracking system. As a result of these results, not only can Türkiye meet all of its electrical energy needs in 2023, but also 20.7% and 34.8% more in single array and single-axis tracking systems, respectively, can be provided by agrivoltaics using only 1% of the existing agricultural lands. These results show that agrivoltaics can make a significant contribution to sustainable electricity production and provide the ability to reduce/purify greenhouse gas emissions associated with the Turkish energy production sector.

Keywords

Agrivoltaic Türkiye Photovoltaic Agriculture Solar energy Renewable energy

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that all the rules required to be followed within the scope of "Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive" have been complied with in all processes of the article, that BEU Journal of Science and the editorial board have no responsibility for any ethical violations that may be encountered, and that this study has not been evaluated in any academic publication environment other than BEU Journal of Science.

References

  • E. Warmann, "Agrivoltaic system design tools for managing trade-offs between energy production, crop productivity and water consumption," Environmental Research Letters, vol. 19(3), pp. 034046, 2024.
  • K. Sharpe, B. Heins, E. Buchanan, and M. Reese, "Evaluation of solar photovoltaic systems to shade cows in a pasture-based dairy herd," Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 104(3), pp. 2794-2806, 2021.
  • H. Dinesh, and J. Pearce, "The potential of agrivoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 54, pp. 299-308, 2016.
  • E. Adeh, J. Selker, and C. Higgins, "Remarkable agrivoltaic influence on soil moisture, micrometeorology and water-use efficiency," Plos One, vol. 13(11), pp. e0203256, 2018.
  • İ. Kırbaş, (2023). "Agrivoltaik Sistemler ve Tarım Alanlarının Hibrit Kullanımı," Uluslararası Mühendislik Tasarım ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 5 (1-2) pp. 9-19, 2023.
  • A. Pascaris, "Examining existing policy to inform a comprehensive legal framework for agrivoltaics in the U.S." Energy Policy, vol. 159, pp. 112620, 2021.
  • J. Zheng, S. Meng, X. Zhang, H. Zhao, X. Ning, F. Chen, A.A.A. Omer, J. Ingenhoff, and W. Liu, "Increasing the comprehensive economic benefits of farmland with even-lighting agrivoltaic systems," Plos One, vol. 16(7), pp. e0254482, 2021.
  • K. Niazi, and M. Victoria, "Comparative analysis of photovoltaic configurations for agrivoltaic systems in Europe," Progress in Photovoltaics Research and Applications, vol. 31(11), pp. 1101-1113, 2023.
  • J. Pearce, "Agrivoltaics in Ontario Canada: promise and policy," Sustainability, vol. 14(5), pp. 3037, 2022.
  • R. Mahto, D. Sharma, R. John, and C. Putcha, "Agrivoltaics: a climate-smart agriculture approach for Indian farmers," Land, vol. 10(11), pp. 1277, 2021.
  • J. Macknick, H. Hartmann, G. Barron‐Gafford, B. Beatty, R. Burton, C. Seok-Choi, … and L. Walston, "The 5 cs of agrivoltaic success factors in the United States: lessons from the inspire research study," Technical Report, 2022.
  • A. C. Andrew, C. W. Higgins, M. A. Smallman, M. Graham, and S. Ates, "Herbage yield, lamb growth and foraging behavior in agrivoltaic production system," Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, vol. 5, pp. 659175, 2021.
  • T. Sekiyama, and A. Nagashima, "Solar sharing for both food and clean energy production: performance of agrivoltaic systems for corn, a typical shade-intolerant crop," Environments, vol. 6(6), pp. 65, 2019.
  • L. Shepard, C. Higgins, and K. Proctor, "Agrivoltaics: modeling the relative importance of longwave radiation from solar panels," Plos One, vol. 17(10), pp. e0273119, 2022.
  • A. Pascaris, C. Schelly, and J. Pearce, "A first investigation of agriculture sector perspectives on the opportunities and barriers for agrivoltaics," Agronomy, vol. 10(12), pp. 1885, 2020.
  • M. Haroon, and M. Janjua, "High-throughput designing and investigation of d–a−π–a-type donor materials for potential application in greenhouse-integrated solar cells," Energy & Fuels, vol. 35(15), pp. 12461-12472, 2021.
  • U. Jamil, and J. Pearce, "Energy policy for agrivoltaics in Alberta Canada," Preprints, 2022100405, 2022.
  • TUIK, "Türkiye'nin Tarım Alanları," [Online]. Available: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Tarim-111 [Accessed: 30.03.2024].
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (TBB), 2022 Tarım Sektörü Raporu, Haziran 2023, [Online]. Available:https://www.tbb.org.tr/Content/Upload/Dokuman/8960/Tarim_Sektor_Raporu_130723.pdf [Accessed: 03.04.2024].
  • İ. Kırbaş, B. Aydoğan, and A. Uyumaz, "Hava Isıtmalı Güneş Kollektörlerin’de Güneş Takip Mekanizması Kullanımı," Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 2(2), pp. 74-84, 2011.
  • Elektrik İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü (EİGM), (2024). [Online]. Available: https://enerji.gov.tr/eigm-yenilenebilir-enerji-kaynaklar-gunes [Accessed: 05.04.2024].
  • URL-1, [Online]. Available: http://cografyaharita.com/turkiye-dilsiz-haritalari.html [Accessed: 05.04.2024].

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 149 - 162, 26.03.2025

İbrahim Kırbaş

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1558261

Abstract

References

  • E. Warmann, "Agrivoltaic system design tools for managing trade-offs between energy production, crop productivity and water consumption," Environmental Research Letters, vol. 19(3), pp. 034046, 2024.
  • K. Sharpe, B. Heins, E. Buchanan, and M. Reese, "Evaluation of solar photovoltaic systems to shade cows in a pasture-based dairy herd," Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 104(3), pp. 2794-2806, 2021.
  • H. Dinesh, and J. Pearce, "The potential of agrivoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 54, pp. 299-308, 2016.
  • E. Adeh, J. Selker, and C. Higgins, "Remarkable agrivoltaic influence on soil moisture, micrometeorology and water-use efficiency," Plos One, vol. 13(11), pp. e0203256, 2018.
  • İ. Kırbaş, (2023). "Agrivoltaik Sistemler ve Tarım Alanlarının Hibrit Kullanımı," Uluslararası Mühendislik Tasarım ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 5 (1-2) pp. 9-19, 2023.
  • A. Pascaris, "Examining existing policy to inform a comprehensive legal framework for agrivoltaics in the U.S." Energy Policy, vol. 159, pp. 112620, 2021.
  • J. Zheng, S. Meng, X. Zhang, H. Zhao, X. Ning, F. Chen, A.A.A. Omer, J. Ingenhoff, and W. Liu, "Increasing the comprehensive economic benefits of farmland with even-lighting agrivoltaic systems," Plos One, vol. 16(7), pp. e0254482, 2021.
  • K. Niazi, and M. Victoria, "Comparative analysis of photovoltaic configurations for agrivoltaic systems in Europe," Progress in Photovoltaics Research and Applications, vol. 31(11), pp. 1101-1113, 2023.
  • J. Pearce, "Agrivoltaics in Ontario Canada: promise and policy," Sustainability, vol. 14(5), pp. 3037, 2022.
  • R. Mahto, D. Sharma, R. John, and C. Putcha, "Agrivoltaics: a climate-smart agriculture approach for Indian farmers," Land, vol. 10(11), pp. 1277, 2021.
  • J. Macknick, H. Hartmann, G. Barron‐Gafford, B. Beatty, R. Burton, C. Seok-Choi, … and L. Walston, "The 5 cs of agrivoltaic success factors in the United States: lessons from the inspire research study," Technical Report, 2022.
  • A. C. Andrew, C. W. Higgins, M. A. Smallman, M. Graham, and S. Ates, "Herbage yield, lamb growth and foraging behavior in agrivoltaic production system," Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, vol. 5, pp. 659175, 2021.
  • T. Sekiyama, and A. Nagashima, "Solar sharing for both food and clean energy production: performance of agrivoltaic systems for corn, a typical shade-intolerant crop," Environments, vol. 6(6), pp. 65, 2019.
  • L. Shepard, C. Higgins, and K. Proctor, "Agrivoltaics: modeling the relative importance of longwave radiation from solar panels," Plos One, vol. 17(10), pp. e0273119, 2022.
  • A. Pascaris, C. Schelly, and J. Pearce, "A first investigation of agriculture sector perspectives on the opportunities and barriers for agrivoltaics," Agronomy, vol. 10(12), pp. 1885, 2020.
  • M. Haroon, and M. Janjua, "High-throughput designing and investigation of d–a−π–a-type donor materials for potential application in greenhouse-integrated solar cells," Energy & Fuels, vol. 35(15), pp. 12461-12472, 2021.
  • U. Jamil, and J. Pearce, "Energy policy for agrivoltaics in Alberta Canada," Preprints, 2022100405, 2022.
  • TUIK, "Türkiye'nin Tarım Alanları," [Online]. Available: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Tarim-111 [Accessed: 30.03.2024].
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (TBB), 2022 Tarım Sektörü Raporu, Haziran 2023, [Online]. Available:https://www.tbb.org.tr/Content/Upload/Dokuman/8960/Tarim_Sektor_Raporu_130723.pdf [Accessed: 03.04.2024].
  • İ. Kırbaş, B. Aydoğan, and A. Uyumaz, "Hava Isıtmalı Güneş Kollektörlerin’de Güneş Takip Mekanizması Kullanımı," Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 2(2), pp. 74-84, 2011.
  • Elektrik İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü (EİGM), (2024). [Online]. Available: https://enerji.gov.tr/eigm-yenilenebilir-enerji-kaynaklar-gunes [Accessed: 05.04.2024].
  • URL-1, [Online]. Available: http://cografyaharita.com/turkiye-dilsiz-haritalari.html [Accessed: 05.04.2024].
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Energy, Solar Energy Systems
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İbrahim Kırbaş 0000-0002-5560-638X

Publication Date March 26, 2025
Submission Date September 30, 2024
Acceptance Date February 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE İ. Kırbaş, “The Agrivoltaic Potential of Türkiye”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 149–162, 2025, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1558261.
 Download Cover Image

Bitlis Eren University
Journal of Science Editor
Bitlis Eren University Graduate Institute
Bes Minare Mah. Ahmet Eren Bulvari, Merkez Kampus, 13000 BITLIS