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Performance Evaluation of G7 Countries in Terms of Patent Applications

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 747 - 756, 15.05.2025

Sinan Dündar

https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1605982

Abstract

A patent is a legal right granted by a patent authority that gives the inventor or assignee exclusive rights to produce, use, sell and distribute an invention for a specified period of time. Patent acquisition offers numerous advantages related to the protection of inventions, enhancement of competitiveness, attraction of investors, generation of income, support for innovation, market expansion, and improvement of brand reputation for the individual or entity that holds the patent. Given the significance of the patent concept, the performance of the G7 countries regarding patent acquisition is handled as multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem in this research. In the evaluation made over the total number of patent applications submitted over nine different technological domains between 2000-2020, the criteria weights were determined by MAXimum of Criterion (MaxC), Modified Preference Selection Index (MPSI) and LOgarithmic Percentage Change-driven Objective Weighting (LOPCOW) methods. By using these criteria weights which are combined with the Bonferroni Mean Operator, the MUltiple-TRIangles ScenarioS (MUTRISS) method was utilised for the performance rankings of G7 countries in terms of patent acquisition. As a result of the study, the success ranking of G7 countries in terms of patent applications was determined as USA, Japan, Germany, UK, France, Canada and Italy.

Keywords

Patent G7 countries MaxC MPSI LOPCOW MUTRISS

References

  • African Regional Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. ARIPO. https://www.aripo.org/ (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • Aktaş N, 2022. G7 ülkelerinin inovasyon göstergelerinin değerlendirilmesi. EUJMR, 6(10): 87-104.
  • Araujo TMP de C, Dos Santos M, Gomes CFS, Azevedo CM, Vanzetta M, Pereira EL, 2024. Proposal of a Python Streamlit APP for the MPSI-MARA multicriteria method. 5th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics (ICMCSI), 18-19 January, Lalitpur, Nepal, pp: 189-194.
  • Archibugi D, Filippetti A, 2010. The globalisation of intellectual property rights: Four learned lessons and four theses. Glob Policy, 1(2): 137-149.
  • Bayne N, 2000. Hanging in there: The G7 and G8 summit in maturity and renewal. Ashgate Pub Ltd, London, UK, pp:124.
  • Biswas S, Biswas B, Mitra K, 2024. A novel group decision making model to compare online shopping platforms. SDMA, 2(1): 1-27.
  • Bonferroni C, 1950. Sulle medie multiple di potenze. Boll Unione Mat Ital, 5(3-4): 267-270.
  • Çelebi Demirarslan P, Sönmez Çakır F, Akansel I, 2024. Ranking the quality of life indexes by years in Asian countries using multi-criteria decision-making methods. Asia-Pac J Reg Sci, 8(3): 911-942.
  • Chatterjee S, Das PP, Chakraborty S, 2024. An LOPCOW-OPTBIAS-based integrated approach for cobot selection in manufacturing assembly operations. Int J Multicrit Decis Mak, 10(1): 47-69.
  • Coury L, 2003. C’est what-saisie: A comparison of patent infringement remedies among the G7 economic nations. Fordham Intell Prop Media Ent Law J, 13(4): 1101.
  • Çütçü İ, Bozan T, 2019. İnovasyon ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: G7 ülkeleri üzerine panel veri analizi. Ulus Ekon İşletme Polit Derg, 3(2): 289-310.
  • Dhruva S, Krishankumar R, Zavadskas EK, Ravichandran KS, Gandomi AH, 2024. Selection of suitable cloud vendors for health centre: A personalized decision framework with Fermatean fuzzy set, LOPCOW, and CoCoSo. Informatica, 35(1): 65-9.8.
  • Ecer F, Pamucar D, 2022. A novel LOPCOW‐DOBI multi‐criteria sustainability performance assessment methodology: An application in developing country banking sector. Omega, 112: 102690.
  • European Patent Office. 2024. EPO. https://www.epo.org/ (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • Ghorabaee MK, Zavadskas EK, Olfat L, Turskis Z, 2015. Multi-criteria inventory classification using a new method of evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS). Informatica, 26(3): 435-451.
  • Gligorić M, Gligorić Z, Lutovac S, Negovanović M, Langović Z, 2022. Novel hybrid MPSI-MARA decision-making model for support system selection in an underground mine. Syst, 10(6): 248.
  • Gligorić Z, Görçün ÖF, Gligorić M, Pamucar D, Simic V, Küçükönder H, 2024. Evaluating the deep learning software tools for large-scale enterprises using a novel TODIFFA-MCDM framework. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci, 36(5): 102079.
  • Granstrand O, 1999. The economics and management of intellectual property. Edward Elgar Publ, Cheltenham, UKi pp: 154.
  • Gulf Cooperation Council Patent Office. 2024. GCCPO. https://www.gccpo.org/ (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • Hall BH, Harhoff D, 2012. Recent research on the economics of patents. Annu Rev Econ, 4: 541-565.
  • International Monetary Fund. 2024. IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • Josheski D, Koteski C, 2011. The causal relationship between patent growth and growth of GDP with quarterly data in the G7 countries: Cointegration, ARDL and error correction models. IO: Product, Cheltenham, U.K., pp: 56.
  • Kara K, Yalçın GC, Simic V, Baysal Z, Pamucar D, 2024. The alternative ranking using two-step logarithmic normalization method for benchmarking the supply chain performance of countries. Socio-Econ Plan Sci, 92: 101822.
  • Keeney R, Raiffa H, Rajala D, 1979. Decisions with multiple objectives: Preferences and value trade-offs. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern, 9: 403-403.
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee M, Zavadskas E, Turskis Z, Antucheviciene J, 2016. A new combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) method for multi-criteria decision-making. Econ Comput Econ Cybern Stud Res, 50(3): 25-44.
  • Kurt S, Sezgin F, Sart G, 2018. G7 ülkelerinde patent üretimini etkileyen değişkenler için panel veri analizi. Yönetim Bilim Derg, 16(32): 285-298.
  • Lukic R, 2024. Research on the dynamics of the performance positioning of the trade in Serbia using the LOPCOW and EDAS methods. Appl Res Adm Sci, 5(1): 31-40.
  • Maniya K, Bhatt MG, 2010. A selection of material using a novel type decision-making method: Preference selection index method. Design Nanomat Nanostruct, 31(4): 1785-1789.
  • Maskus K, 2000. Intellectual property rights in the global economy. Peterson Inst Int Econ, Washington, USA, pp: 241.
  • OECD. 2024. OECD Data Explorer. https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • O’Neale DRJ, Hendy SC, 2012. Power law distributions of patents as indicators of innovation. PLOS One, 7(12): e49501
  • Pamucar D, Zizovic M, Biswas S, Božanić D, 2021. A new logarithm methodology of additive weights (LMAW) for multi-criteria decision-making: Application in logistics. Facta Univ Ser Mech Eng, 19(3): 361-380.
  • Pramuditya A, Darwis D, Setiawansyah S, 2024. Kombinasi logarithmic percentage change-driven objective weighting dan complex proportional assessment dalam penentuan supplier perlengkapan olahraga. J Comput Syst Inform, 5(3): 660-669.
  • Putnam RD, Bayne N, 1984. Hanging together: The seven-power summits. Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, USA, pp: 142.
  • Rao RV, Singh D, Bleicher F, Dorn C, 2012. Weighted Euclidean distance-based approach as a multiple attribute decision making method for manufacturing situations. Int J Multicrit Decis Mak, 2(3): 225-240.
  • Rong Y, Yu L, Liu Y, Simic V, Garg H, 2023. The FMEA model based on LOPCOW-ARAS methods with interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy information for risk assessment of R&D projects in industrial robot offline programming systems. Comput Appl Math, 43(1): 25.
  • Setiawan GD, Pasaribu AFO, 2024. Implementasi kombinasi LOPCOW dan operational competitiveness rating analysis dalam rekomendasi tempat wisata indoor. JUSTINDO, 9(2): 109-120.
  • Setiawansyah S, Sulistiyawati A, 2024. Penerapan metode logarithmic percentage change-driven objective weighting dan multi-attribute utility theory dalam penerimaan guru bahasa İngiliz. J Artif Intell Technol Inf, 2(2): 62-75.
  • Stolpe M, 2022. How the G7 can use patent buyouts to help the world win the race against coronavirus mutations. The Glob Solut Initiat, Berlin, Germany, pp: 45.
  • Sumanto S, Sumarna H, Nurdin T, Asra IA, Sobari H, Kuswanto I, Chaidir I, Akil F, Handono W, 2024. Improved LOPCOW-SAW method for optimal supplier selection in supply chain management. 12th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management, 3-4 October, Batam, Indonesia, pp: 1-5.
  • Torres PS, Gomes CFS, Santos M dos, 2024. Selection of unmanned aerial vehicle systems for border monitoring using the MPSI-SPOTIS method. J Def Anal Logist, 8(1): 80-104.
  • Trade Statistics for International Business Development. 2024. TradeMap, URL: www.intracen.org (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • TURKPATENT. 2024. Turkish Patent and Trademark Office. URL: www.turkpatent.gov.tr (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • WIPO, 2016. Understanding industrial property. World Intellect Prop Organ, URL: www.wipo.int (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • Zakeri S, Chatterjee P, Cheikhrouhou N, Konstantas D, Yang Y, 2023. MUTRISS: A new method for material selection problems using multiple-triangles scenarios. Expert Syst Appl, 228: 120463.
  • Zavadskas EK, Turskis Z, 2010. A new additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method in multicriteria decision‐making. Technol Econ Dev Econ, 16(2): Article 2.
  • Žižović M, Pamučar D, Albijanić M, Chatterjee P, Pribićević I, 2020. Eliminating rank reversal problem using a new multi-attribute model—The RAFSI method. Math, 8(6): 1-16.

Performance Evaluation of G7 Countries in Terms of Patent Applications

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 747 - 756, 15.05.2025

Sinan Dündar

https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1605982

Abstract

A patent is a legal right granted by a patent authority that gives the inventor or assignee exclusive rights to produce, use, sell and distribute an invention for a specified period of time. Patent acquisition offers numerous advantages related to the protection of inventions, enhancement of competitiveness, attraction of investors, generation of income, support for innovation, market expansion, and improvement of brand reputation for the individual or entity that holds the patent. Given the significance of the patent concept, the performance of the G7 countries regarding patent acquisition is handled as multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem in this research. In the evaluation made over the total number of patent applications submitted over nine different technological domains between 2000-2020, the criteria weights were determined by MAXimum of Criterion (MaxC), Modified Preference Selection Index (MPSI) and LOgarithmic Percentage Change-driven Objective Weighting (LOPCOW) methods. By using these criteria weights which are combined with the Bonferroni Mean Operator, the MUltiple-TRIangles ScenarioS (MUTRISS) method was utilised for the performance rankings of G7 countries in terms of patent acquisition. As a result of the study, the success ranking of G7 countries in terms of patent applications was determined as USA, Japan, Germany, UK, France, Canada and Italy.

Keywords

Patent G7 countries MaxC MPSI LOPCOW MUTRISS

Ethical Statement

In this study, no ethics committee approval was obtained since no studies were conducted on animals and humans.

References

  • African Regional Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. ARIPO. https://www.aripo.org/ (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • Aktaş N, 2022. G7 ülkelerinin inovasyon göstergelerinin değerlendirilmesi. EUJMR, 6(10): 87-104.
  • Araujo TMP de C, Dos Santos M, Gomes CFS, Azevedo CM, Vanzetta M, Pereira EL, 2024. Proposal of a Python Streamlit APP for the MPSI-MARA multicriteria method. 5th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics (ICMCSI), 18-19 January, Lalitpur, Nepal, pp: 189-194.
  • Archibugi D, Filippetti A, 2010. The globalisation of intellectual property rights: Four learned lessons and four theses. Glob Policy, 1(2): 137-149.
  • Bayne N, 2000. Hanging in there: The G7 and G8 summit in maturity and renewal. Ashgate Pub Ltd, London, UK, pp:124.
  • Biswas S, Biswas B, Mitra K, 2024. A novel group decision making model to compare online shopping platforms. SDMA, 2(1): 1-27.
  • Bonferroni C, 1950. Sulle medie multiple di potenze. Boll Unione Mat Ital, 5(3-4): 267-270.
  • Çelebi Demirarslan P, Sönmez Çakır F, Akansel I, 2024. Ranking the quality of life indexes by years in Asian countries using multi-criteria decision-making methods. Asia-Pac J Reg Sci, 8(3): 911-942.
  • Chatterjee S, Das PP, Chakraborty S, 2024. An LOPCOW-OPTBIAS-based integrated approach for cobot selection in manufacturing assembly operations. Int J Multicrit Decis Mak, 10(1): 47-69.
  • Coury L, 2003. C’est what-saisie: A comparison of patent infringement remedies among the G7 economic nations. Fordham Intell Prop Media Ent Law J, 13(4): 1101.
  • Çütçü İ, Bozan T, 2019. İnovasyon ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: G7 ülkeleri üzerine panel veri analizi. Ulus Ekon İşletme Polit Derg, 3(2): 289-310.
  • Dhruva S, Krishankumar R, Zavadskas EK, Ravichandran KS, Gandomi AH, 2024. Selection of suitable cloud vendors for health centre: A personalized decision framework with Fermatean fuzzy set, LOPCOW, and CoCoSo. Informatica, 35(1): 65-9.8.
  • Ecer F, Pamucar D, 2022. A novel LOPCOW‐DOBI multi‐criteria sustainability performance assessment methodology: An application in developing country banking sector. Omega, 112: 102690.
  • European Patent Office. 2024. EPO. https://www.epo.org/ (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • Ghorabaee MK, Zavadskas EK, Olfat L, Turskis Z, 2015. Multi-criteria inventory classification using a new method of evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS). Informatica, 26(3): 435-451.
  • Gligorić M, Gligorić Z, Lutovac S, Negovanović M, Langović Z, 2022. Novel hybrid MPSI-MARA decision-making model for support system selection in an underground mine. Syst, 10(6): 248.
  • Gligorić Z, Görçün ÖF, Gligorić M, Pamucar D, Simic V, Küçükönder H, 2024. Evaluating the deep learning software tools for large-scale enterprises using a novel TODIFFA-MCDM framework. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci, 36(5): 102079.
  • Granstrand O, 1999. The economics and management of intellectual property. Edward Elgar Publ, Cheltenham, UKi pp: 154.
  • Gulf Cooperation Council Patent Office. 2024. GCCPO. https://www.gccpo.org/ (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • Hall BH, Harhoff D, 2012. Recent research on the economics of patents. Annu Rev Econ, 4: 541-565.
  • International Monetary Fund. 2024. IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • Josheski D, Koteski C, 2011. The causal relationship between patent growth and growth of GDP with quarterly data in the G7 countries: Cointegration, ARDL and error correction models. IO: Product, Cheltenham, U.K., pp: 56.
  • Kara K, Yalçın GC, Simic V, Baysal Z, Pamucar D, 2024. The alternative ranking using two-step logarithmic normalization method for benchmarking the supply chain performance of countries. Socio-Econ Plan Sci, 92: 101822.
  • Keeney R, Raiffa H, Rajala D, 1979. Decisions with multiple objectives: Preferences and value trade-offs. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern, 9: 403-403.
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee M, Zavadskas E, Turskis Z, Antucheviciene J, 2016. A new combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) method for multi-criteria decision-making. Econ Comput Econ Cybern Stud Res, 50(3): 25-44.
  • Kurt S, Sezgin F, Sart G, 2018. G7 ülkelerinde patent üretimini etkileyen değişkenler için panel veri analizi. Yönetim Bilim Derg, 16(32): 285-298.
  • Lukic R, 2024. Research on the dynamics of the performance positioning of the trade in Serbia using the LOPCOW and EDAS methods. Appl Res Adm Sci, 5(1): 31-40.
  • Maniya K, Bhatt MG, 2010. A selection of material using a novel type decision-making method: Preference selection index method. Design Nanomat Nanostruct, 31(4): 1785-1789.
  • Maskus K, 2000. Intellectual property rights in the global economy. Peterson Inst Int Econ, Washington, USA, pp: 241.
  • OECD. 2024. OECD Data Explorer. https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • O’Neale DRJ, Hendy SC, 2012. Power law distributions of patents as indicators of innovation. PLOS One, 7(12): e49501
  • Pamucar D, Zizovic M, Biswas S, Božanić D, 2021. A new logarithm methodology of additive weights (LMAW) for multi-criteria decision-making: Application in logistics. Facta Univ Ser Mech Eng, 19(3): 361-380.
  • Pramuditya A, Darwis D, Setiawansyah S, 2024. Kombinasi logarithmic percentage change-driven objective weighting dan complex proportional assessment dalam penentuan supplier perlengkapan olahraga. J Comput Syst Inform, 5(3): 660-669.
  • Putnam RD, Bayne N, 1984. Hanging together: The seven-power summits. Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, USA, pp: 142.
  • Rao RV, Singh D, Bleicher F, Dorn C, 2012. Weighted Euclidean distance-based approach as a multiple attribute decision making method for manufacturing situations. Int J Multicrit Decis Mak, 2(3): 225-240.
  • Rong Y, Yu L, Liu Y, Simic V, Garg H, 2023. The FMEA model based on LOPCOW-ARAS methods with interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy information for risk assessment of R&D projects in industrial robot offline programming systems. Comput Appl Math, 43(1): 25.
  • Setiawan GD, Pasaribu AFO, 2024. Implementasi kombinasi LOPCOW dan operational competitiveness rating analysis dalam rekomendasi tempat wisata indoor. JUSTINDO, 9(2): 109-120.
  • Setiawansyah S, Sulistiyawati A, 2024. Penerapan metode logarithmic percentage change-driven objective weighting dan multi-attribute utility theory dalam penerimaan guru bahasa İngiliz. J Artif Intell Technol Inf, 2(2): 62-75.
  • Stolpe M, 2022. How the G7 can use patent buyouts to help the world win the race against coronavirus mutations. The Glob Solut Initiat, Berlin, Germany, pp: 45.
  • Sumanto S, Sumarna H, Nurdin T, Asra IA, Sobari H, Kuswanto I, Chaidir I, Akil F, Handono W, 2024. Improved LOPCOW-SAW method for optimal supplier selection in supply chain management. 12th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management, 3-4 October, Batam, Indonesia, pp: 1-5.
  • Torres PS, Gomes CFS, Santos M dos, 2024. Selection of unmanned aerial vehicle systems for border monitoring using the MPSI-SPOTIS method. J Def Anal Logist, 8(1): 80-104.
  • Trade Statistics for International Business Development. 2024. TradeMap, URL: www.intracen.org (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • TURKPATENT. 2024. Turkish Patent and Trademark Office. URL: www.turkpatent.gov.tr (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • WIPO, 2016. Understanding industrial property. World Intellect Prop Organ, URL: www.wipo.int (accessed date: Decemeber 26, 2023).
  • Zakeri S, Chatterjee P, Cheikhrouhou N, Konstantas D, Yang Y, 2023. MUTRISS: A new method for material selection problems using multiple-triangles scenarios. Expert Syst Appl, 228: 120463.
  • Zavadskas EK, Turskis Z, 2010. A new additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method in multicriteria decision‐making. Technol Econ Dev Econ, 16(2): Article 2.
  • Žižović M, Pamučar D, Albijanić M, Chatterjee P, Pribićević I, 2020. Eliminating rank reversal problem using a new multi-attribute model—The RAFSI method. Math, 8(6): 1-16.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Multiple Criteria Decision Making
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sinan Dündar 0000-0001-8061-3322

Publication Date May 15, 2025
Submission Date December 23, 2024
Acceptance Date March 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Dündar, S. (2025). Performance Evaluation of G7 Countries in Terms of Patent Applications. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 8(3), 747-756. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1605982
AMA Dündar S. Performance Evaluation of G7 Countries in Terms of Patent Applications. BSJ Eng. Sci. May 2025;8(3):747-756. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1605982
Chicago Dündar, Sinan. “Performance Evaluation of G7 Countries in Terms of Patent Applications”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8, no. 3 (May 2025): 747-56. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1605982.
EndNote Dündar S (May 1, 2025) Performance Evaluation of G7 Countries in Terms of Patent Applications. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8 3 747–756.
IEEE S. Dündar, “Performance Evaluation of G7 Countries in Terms of Patent Applications”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 747–756, 2025, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1605982.
ISNAD Dündar, Sinan. “Performance Evaluation of G7 Countries in Terms of Patent Applications”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8/3 (May 2025), 747-756. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1605982.
JAMA Dündar S. Performance Evaluation of G7 Countries in Terms of Patent Applications. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8:747–756.
MLA Dündar, Sinan. “Performance Evaluation of G7 Countries in Terms of Patent Applications”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 8, no. 3, 2025, pp. 747-56, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1605982.
Vancouver Dündar S. Performance Evaluation of G7 Countries in Terms of Patent Applications. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8(3):747-56.
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