Abstract
This study addresses the design of a wide-band microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communication systems. To respond to the increasing data rate and wide bandwidth needs in fifth-generation communication systems, it is very important to increase the performance of the antennas used. In this paper, a manufacturable and compact microstrip patch antenna design operating at 28 GHz wave frequency is realized and the simulation results are compared with the measured results. The proposed antenna is designed using a low-cost FR-4 substrate. The primary motivation behind calling the antenna “cost effective” in this study is the choice of the FR-4 substrate, which is significantly more affordable than other high-performance materials commonly used for 5G antennas, such as Rogers RT Duroid. Despite the limitations of FR4 substrate at high frequencies, this study demonstrates that a functional and efficient wide-band antenna can still be achieved through careful design and optimization. The performance of the antenna is evaluated with parameters such as input reflection coefficient (S_11), bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency of the antenna. The simulations of the proposed antenna are performed using CST and CEMS programs and the obtained results show that the antenna has a wide bandwidth of 1950 MHz between 26.85 GHz and 28.8 GHz. A parametric study of the antenna is performed to show the effect of substrate thickness and patch size on antenna performance. Numerical and measured results show that the proposed microstrip patch antenna has good performance for 5G communication systems, including wide bandwidth, high gain and low reflection coefficient. The antenna fabricated on the low-cost FR4 substrate can be useful for 5G communication systems with its cost-effectiveness and compact geometric configuration.
Keywords
References
- Afif RA, Isnawati AF, Danisya AR. 2020. Comparative analysis of mmWave channel model with 26 GHz and 28 GHz: A case study in Wonosobo City. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (Comnetsat), 17-18 December, Malang, Indonesia, pp: 380-384.
- Awan WA, Zaidi A, Baghdad A. 2019. Patch antenna with improved performance using DGS for 28GHz applications. In: 2019 International Conference on Wireless Technologies, Embedded and Intelligent Systems (WITS), 3-4 April, pp: 1-4.
- Balanis CA. 2015. Antenna theory: analysis and design. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA, pp: 1104.
- Chowdhury MZB, Islam MT, Hossain I, Samsuzzaman M. 2024. A compact 6-shaped high isolation MIMO antenna for 28 GHz 5G applications. Int J Commun Syst, e5991.
- Darboe O, Konditi DBO, Manene F. 2019. A 28 GHz rectangular microstrip patch antenna for 5G applications. Int J Eng Res Technol, 12(6): 854-857.
- Darsono M, Wijaya AR. 2020. Design and simulation of a rectangular patch microstrip antenna for the frequency of 28 GHz in 5G technology. In: J Phys Conf Ser, 28-29 August, Bali, Indonesia, 1469(1): 012107.
- de Paula IL, Lemey S, Bosman D, Van den Brande Q, Caytan O, Lambrecht J, Rogier H. 2020. Cost-effective high-performance air-filled SIW antenna array for the global 5G 26 GHz and 28 GHz bands. IEEE Antennas Wirel Propag Lett, 20(2): 194-198.
- Demir V, Elsherbeni AZ. 2021. Computational electromagnetic simulator. Software package version, 4, Oxford, USA, pp:41.
- EL Mashade MB, Hegazy EA. 2018. Design and analysis of 28GHz rectangular microstrip patch array antenna. WSEAS Trans Commun, 17(1): 9.
- Elsherbeni AZ, Demir V. 2015. The finite-difference time-domain in electromagnetics. SciTech Publishing Inc, Raleigh, NC, USA, pp: 401.
- Ezzulddin SK, Hasan SO, Ameen MM. 2022. Optimization of rectangular microstrip antenna patch parameters to operate with high radiation performances for 5G applications. In: AIP Conf Proc, 22-23 March, Najaf, Iraq, 2386(1).
- Fante KA, Gemeda MT. 2020. Broadband microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz for 5G wireless applications. Int J Electr Comput Eng, 11(3): 2238-2244.
- Fonte A, Plutino F, Moquillon L, Razafimandimby S, Pruvost S. 2018. 5G 26 GHz and 28 GHz bands SiGe C receiver with very high-linearity and 56 dB dynamic range. In: 2018 13th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC), 23-25 September, Paris, France, pp: 57-60.
- Goyal RK, Modani US. 2018. A compact microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz for 5G wireless applications. In: 2018 3rd International Conference and Workshops on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), 22-25 November, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp: 1-2.
- Hakeem MJ, Nahas MM. 2021. Improving the performance of a microstrip antenna by adding a slot into different patch designs. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res, 11(4): 7469-7476.
- Hussain N, Awan WA, Ali W, Naqvi SI, Zaidi A, Le TT. 2021. Compact wideband patch antenna and its MIMO configuration for 28 GHz applications. AEU Int J Electron Commun, 132: 153612.
- Jebabli E, Hayouni M, Choubani F. 2021. Impedance matching enhancement of a microstrip antenna array designed for Ka-band 5G applications. In: 2021 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), 28 June-2 July, Harbin City, China, pp: 1254-1258.
- Kaburcuk F, Kalinay G, Chen Y, Elsherbeni AZ, Demir V. 2021. A dual-band and low-cost microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communications. Appl Comput Electromagn Soc J (ACES), 36(7): 824-829.
- Kumar DS, Pavithra S, Ranjith KS, Kiruthika R, Kavin E. 2023. Design and investigation of metamaterial antenna for wireless communication. In: 2023 7th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), 22-24 November, Coimbatore, India, pp: 1464-1468.
- Lee J, Tejedor E, Ranta-aho K, Wan H, Lee KT, Semaan E, Jung S. 2018. Spectrum for 5G: Global status, challenges, and enabling technologies. IEEE Commun Mag, 56(3): 12-18.
- Merlin Teresa P, Umamaheswari G. 2022. Compact slotted microstrip antenna for 5G applications operating at 28 GHz. IETE J Res, 68(5): 3778-3785.
- Mistri RK, Singh AK, Mahto SK, Sinha R. 2023. Quad element millimetre-wave MIMO antenna for 5G communication. J Electromagn Waves Appl, 37(15): 1258-1273.
- Mohammed AS, Kamal S, Ain MFB, Hussin R, Najmi F, Sundi SA, Othman M. 2021. Mathematical model on the effects of conductor thickness on the centre frequency at 28 GHz for the performance of microstrip patch antenna using air substrate for 5G application. Alex Eng J, 60(6): 5265-5273.
- Munusami C, Venkatesan R. 2024. Cavity-backed substrate integrated waveguide MIMO element with enhanced isolation for 5G communication. Int J Commun Syst, 37(1): e5627.
- Nahas M. 2022. A super high gain L-slotted microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile systems operating at 26 and 28 GHz. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res, 12(1): 8053-8057.
- Paul LC, Saha HK. 2021. A wideband microstrip line feed slotted patch antenna for 28 GHz 5G applications. In: 2021 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Information Technology (ICECIT), 14-16 September, Khulna, Bangladesh, pp: 1-4.
- Przesmycki R, Bugaj M, Nowosielski L. 2020. Broadband microstrip antenna for 5G wireless systems operating at 28 GHz. Electronics, 10(1): 1.
- Rahim MA, Ibrahim IM, Kamaruddin RAA, Zakaria Z, Hassim N. 2017. Characterization of microstrip patch array antenna at 28 GHz. J Telecommun Electron Comput Eng (JTEC), 9(2-8): 137-141.
- Rahman BA, Hasan SO. 2022. Simulation design of low-profile equilateral triangle microstrip patch antenna operating at 28 GHz. Int J Commun Antenna Propag, 12(2): 74.
- Yadav R, Parmar A, Malviya L, Nitnaware D. 2021. 28 GHz inset feed circular shaped compact patch antenna array for 5G wireless communication. In: 2021 10th IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 18-19 June, Jabalpur, India, pp: 1-4.
Abstract
This study addresses the design of a wide-band microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communication systems. To respond to the increasing data rate and wide bandwidth needs in fifth-generation communication systems, it is very important to increase the performance of the antennas used. In this paper, a manufacturable and compact microstrip patch antenna design operating at 28 GHz wave frequency is realized and the simulation results are compared with the measured results. The proposed antenna is designed using a low-cost FR-4 substrate. The primary motivation behind calling the antenna “cost effective” in this study is the choice of the FR-4 substrate, which is significantly more affordable than other high-performance materials commonly used for 5G antennas, such as Rogers RT Duroid. Despite the limitations of FR4 substrate at high frequencies, this study demonstrates that a functional and efficient wide-band antenna can still be achieved through careful design and optimization. The performance of the antenna is evaluated with parameters such as input reflection coefficient (S_11), bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency of the antenna. The simulations of the proposed antenna are performed using CST and CEMS programs and the obtained results show that the antenna has a wide bandwidth of 1950 MHz between 26.85 GHz and 28.8 GHz. A parametric study of the antenna is performed to show the effect of substrate thickness and patch size on antenna performance. Numerical and measured results show that the proposed microstrip patch antenna has good performance for 5G communication systems, including wide bandwidth, high gain and low reflection coefficient. The antenna fabricated on the low-cost FR4 substrate can be useful for 5G communication systems with its cost-effectiveness and compact geometric configuration.
Keywords
References
- Afif RA, Isnawati AF, Danisya AR. 2020. Comparative analysis of mmWave channel model with 26 GHz and 28 GHz: A case study in Wonosobo City. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (Comnetsat), 17-18 December, Malang, Indonesia, pp: 380-384.
- Awan WA, Zaidi A, Baghdad A. 2019. Patch antenna with improved performance using DGS for 28GHz applications. In: 2019 International Conference on Wireless Technologies, Embedded and Intelligent Systems (WITS), 3-4 April, pp: 1-4.
- Balanis CA. 2015. Antenna theory: analysis and design. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA, pp: 1104.
- Chowdhury MZB, Islam MT, Hossain I, Samsuzzaman M. 2024. A compact 6-shaped high isolation MIMO antenna for 28 GHz 5G applications. Int J Commun Syst, e5991.
- Darboe O, Konditi DBO, Manene F. 2019. A 28 GHz rectangular microstrip patch antenna for 5G applications. Int J Eng Res Technol, 12(6): 854-857.
- Darsono M, Wijaya AR. 2020. Design and simulation of a rectangular patch microstrip antenna for the frequency of 28 GHz in 5G technology. In: J Phys Conf Ser, 28-29 August, Bali, Indonesia, 1469(1): 012107.
- de Paula IL, Lemey S, Bosman D, Van den Brande Q, Caytan O, Lambrecht J, Rogier H. 2020. Cost-effective high-performance air-filled SIW antenna array for the global 5G 26 GHz and 28 GHz bands. IEEE Antennas Wirel Propag Lett, 20(2): 194-198.
- Demir V, Elsherbeni AZ. 2021. Computational electromagnetic simulator. Software package version, 4, Oxford, USA, pp:41.
- EL Mashade MB, Hegazy EA. 2018. Design and analysis of 28GHz rectangular microstrip patch array antenna. WSEAS Trans Commun, 17(1): 9.
- Elsherbeni AZ, Demir V. 2015. The finite-difference time-domain in electromagnetics. SciTech Publishing Inc, Raleigh, NC, USA, pp: 401.
- Ezzulddin SK, Hasan SO, Ameen MM. 2022. Optimization of rectangular microstrip antenna patch parameters to operate with high radiation performances for 5G applications. In: AIP Conf Proc, 22-23 March, Najaf, Iraq, 2386(1).
- Fante KA, Gemeda MT. 2020. Broadband microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz for 5G wireless applications. Int J Electr Comput Eng, 11(3): 2238-2244.
- Fonte A, Plutino F, Moquillon L, Razafimandimby S, Pruvost S. 2018. 5G 26 GHz and 28 GHz bands SiGe C receiver with very high-linearity and 56 dB dynamic range. In: 2018 13th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC), 23-25 September, Paris, France, pp: 57-60.
- Goyal RK, Modani US. 2018. A compact microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz for 5G wireless applications. In: 2018 3rd International Conference and Workshops on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), 22-25 November, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp: 1-2.
- Hakeem MJ, Nahas MM. 2021. Improving the performance of a microstrip antenna by adding a slot into different patch designs. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res, 11(4): 7469-7476.
- Hussain N, Awan WA, Ali W, Naqvi SI, Zaidi A, Le TT. 2021. Compact wideband patch antenna and its MIMO configuration for 28 GHz applications. AEU Int J Electron Commun, 132: 153612.
- Jebabli E, Hayouni M, Choubani F. 2021. Impedance matching enhancement of a microstrip antenna array designed for Ka-band 5G applications. In: 2021 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), 28 June-2 July, Harbin City, China, pp: 1254-1258.
- Kaburcuk F, Kalinay G, Chen Y, Elsherbeni AZ, Demir V. 2021. A dual-band and low-cost microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communications. Appl Comput Electromagn Soc J (ACES), 36(7): 824-829.
- Kumar DS, Pavithra S, Ranjith KS, Kiruthika R, Kavin E. 2023. Design and investigation of metamaterial antenna for wireless communication. In: 2023 7th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), 22-24 November, Coimbatore, India, pp: 1464-1468.
- Lee J, Tejedor E, Ranta-aho K, Wan H, Lee KT, Semaan E, Jung S. 2018. Spectrum for 5G: Global status, challenges, and enabling technologies. IEEE Commun Mag, 56(3): 12-18.
- Merlin Teresa P, Umamaheswari G. 2022. Compact slotted microstrip antenna for 5G applications operating at 28 GHz. IETE J Res, 68(5): 3778-3785.
- Mistri RK, Singh AK, Mahto SK, Sinha R. 2023. Quad element millimetre-wave MIMO antenna for 5G communication. J Electromagn Waves Appl, 37(15): 1258-1273.
- Mohammed AS, Kamal S, Ain MFB, Hussin R, Najmi F, Sundi SA, Othman M. 2021. Mathematical model on the effects of conductor thickness on the centre frequency at 28 GHz for the performance of microstrip patch antenna using air substrate for 5G application. Alex Eng J, 60(6): 5265-5273.
- Munusami C, Venkatesan R. 2024. Cavity-backed substrate integrated waveguide MIMO element with enhanced isolation for 5G communication. Int J Commun Syst, 37(1): e5627.
- Nahas M. 2022. A super high gain L-slotted microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile systems operating at 26 and 28 GHz. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res, 12(1): 8053-8057.
- Paul LC, Saha HK. 2021. A wideband microstrip line feed slotted patch antenna for 28 GHz 5G applications. In: 2021 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Information Technology (ICECIT), 14-16 September, Khulna, Bangladesh, pp: 1-4.
- Przesmycki R, Bugaj M, Nowosielski L. 2020. Broadband microstrip antenna for 5G wireless systems operating at 28 GHz. Electronics, 10(1): 1.
- Rahim MA, Ibrahim IM, Kamaruddin RAA, Zakaria Z, Hassim N. 2017. Characterization of microstrip patch array antenna at 28 GHz. J Telecommun Electron Comput Eng (JTEC), 9(2-8): 137-141.
- Rahman BA, Hasan SO. 2022. Simulation design of low-profile equilateral triangle microstrip patch antenna operating at 28 GHz. Int J Commun Antenna Propag, 12(2): 74.
- Yadav R, Parmar A, Malviya L, Nitnaware D. 2021. 28 GHz inset feed circular shaped compact patch antenna array for 5G wireless communication. In: 2021 10th IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 18-19 June, Jabalpur, India, pp: 1-4.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering Electromagnetics |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | May 15, 2025 |
| Submission Date | January 14, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | April 9, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 |
