Review
Year 2018,
Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 159 - 173, 01.12.2018
Abstract
Conscious food production in aquaculture requires correct using of water resources. Although recirculated systems provide optimum amount of water in aquaculture, wastes from aquaculture damages to animals and plants in the system. Therefore, wastes in the aquaculture tanks are removed from the system and discharged into the environment. These type of waste discharges increase pollution load of the environment. Aquaponic systems which had developed to solve this problem have come into prominence recently.
Aquaponic systems are polyculture systems which consist of integrating aquacultural and hydroponic systems. Aquaponic systems make possible to using sustainably and continuously recirculation of water between aquaculture and plant agriculture. Discharging water from aquaculture tanks which is rich in nutrient supply natural fertilizer to growth of plants. Also plants and useful bacteria remove using ammonia which is harmful for aquatic organisms, from water. Clean water which is required in aquatic environment is supplied giving treated water into aquaculture tanks again. Natural fertilizer which consist of in aquaculture tanks supply ammonia requirements of plants. Tilapia, koi fish, goldfish, carp, perch fish, catfish, North African catfish, etc. are cultured with lettuce, spinach, arugula, basil, mint, watercress, tomato, pepper, cucumber, bean, green pea, zucchini etc. in aquaponic systems. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen of the water should be 24 o C, 7.0 and 6.2 mg/L respectively in the system, approximately.
Aquaculture without hormone, herbicide, pesticide and artificial fertilizer in aquaponic systems decreases pollution load of the environment and makes possible to cultivating ecological productions. In addition, aquaponic systems makes possible to use 90% lesser water than standard plant cultivation. Small or big scale different designs can be developed for aquaponic systems. Different and developed sample designs of aquaponic systems have been reviewed in the study.
References
- Aguaponics, 2006. Integration of Attra Hydroponis with Aquaculture. By Steve Diver NCAT Agriculture Specialist Published 2006. www.attra.ncat.org.
- Aqua-Vegeculture System, 2009. (http://www.fadr.msu.ru/rodale/agsieve/txt/vol1/3/art7.html, 16.07.2015)
- Aquaponics, 2009. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponics, 17.07.2015) Aquaponics Commercial Systems, 2012. (http://www.ecofilms.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/lettuce-floating-raft2.jpg, 17.07.2015). Aquaponics, 2013. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UDHHsn8zkE, 17.07.2015). Aquaponicsplan, 2015. Diy Aquaponics System plants (http://aquaponicsplan.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/organic aquaponics-1.jpg,17.07.2015).
- Aquaponics, 2015. (http://www.ecogrow.ca/Flash/FloatingRaft2012.gif, 17.07.2015).
- Aquaponics USA and Aquaponics World,2015. (http://www.aquaponicsworld.net/Aquaponics_World_Food_Forever_Farm_Systems_files/Bok%20Choy%20growing%20in%20a%20raft%20system.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Aquaponic Garden Systems, 2015. (https://www.buzzle.com/.../types-of-aquaponic-systems.html, 17.07.2015)
- Aquaponics, 2016. The Surprising Benefits and Types of Aquaponic Systems. (http://www.buzzle.com/images/buzzle/aquaponics-nft.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Backyard Aquaponics, 2007. Aquaponics magazine for the backyard enthusiast, Issue 1, 35 s. Backyard Aquaponics, 2011. The IBC of Aquaponics. (http://www.backyardaquaponics.com/Travis/IBCofAquaponics1.pdf, 15.04.2015).
- Brett, R. Roe and David J. Midmore, 2008. Sustainable Aquaponics, Issue 103. (http://www.hydroponics.com.au/images/story_i103/103_sustainable_aqua_07.jpg,17.07.2015). Breanne, K. 2016. 4 Easy Ways to Begin Your Own Hydroponics System. (http://hydroponicsgrower.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/1-Hydroponic-Drip-System.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Ecolife, 2012. Introduction to Village Aquaponics. (http://eco-library.theplanetfixer.org/docs/aquaponics/introduction-to-village-aquaponics-ecolife-2012.pdf, 05.03.2015).
- FAO, 2014. Small-Scale Aquaponic Food Production. (http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4021e.pdf, 05.03.2015).
- FAO, 2015. Media Bed Aquaponic Unit-Step by Step Description. (http://www.aquaponics.com/media/media-bed.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Food & Water Watch, 2008. RAS Land-Based Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. (http://documents.foodandwaterwatch.org/doc/RAS1.pdf#_ga=1.224870106.1318648469.1443441141, 18.01.2015).
- Gönen, S. 2013. Akuaponik Bahçecilik ve Akuaponik Sistemlerin Yaşayan Elementleri: SOLUCANLAR. (http://solucangubresi.web.tr/makaleler/makaleler-2/akuaponik-bahcecilik-ve-akuaponik-sistemlerin-yasayan-elementleri-solucanlar.html, 04.01.2015). Home aquaponics system, 2015.
- (http://homeaquaponicssystem.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/media-filled-bed.jpg, 17.07.2015)
- Home Hydroponic Systems, 2015. (http//www.homehydrosystems.com/, 17.07.2015) Hydroponic-Drip-System,2015. (http://hydroponicsgrower.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/1-Hydroponic-Drip-System.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Kerim, M., Ustaoğlu Tırıl, S., 2009. Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliğinde Akuaponik Uygulamalar. XV. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, 01-04 Temmuz, Rize.
- Mukherjee, S. 2013. Concept Note: Aquaponic Systems and Technologies. Sankalpa Research Center. (http://www.sankalpacmfs.org/src/wp/Concept.Note_Aquaponic.Systems.pdf, 15.04.2015).
- Nelson and Pade, 2015.Methods Aquaponics. (http://aquaponics.com/methods-of-aquaponics/, 10.02.2015).
- Rakocy, J.E., Losordo, T.M. and Masser, M.P. 1992. Recirculating Aquaculture Tank Production Systems: Integrating Fish and Plant Culture. SRAC Publication, No. 454. Southern Region Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA.
- Russell, B. 2013. Top 10 Benefits of Having Aquaponics at Home. (http://homeaquaponicssystem.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/media-filled-bed.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Sfetcu, L., Cristea, V., Oprea, L., 2008. Nutrients dynimic in an aquaponic recirculating systems for sturgeon and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production. Lucrari Ştiintifice Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, Vol. 41 (2), Timişoara.
- Solucan çayı ve akuaponik sistemler, 2015. (http://www.woodwormfarms.com/pics/aquaponics_small_frame_manual_eng.pd, 01.04.2015).
Year 2018,
Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 159 - 173, 01.12.2018
Abstract
Yetiştiricilikte su kaynaklarının doğru kullanımı, bilinçli gıda üretimini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Akuakültürde resirküle sistemlerin kullanımı optimum miktarda su ihtiyacını karşılamasına rağmen, yetiştiricilik ile ortaya çıkan atıklar akuatik sistemdeki canlılara zarar verebilmektedir. Bu nedenle yetiştiricilik tanklarındaki atıklar ortamdan uzaklaştırılmakta ve doğaya verilmektedir. Bu da çevre kirliliğini arttırmaktadır. Son zamanlarda bu soruna çözüm olarak geliştirilmiş olan akuaponik sistemler oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Akuaponik sistemler akuakültür (sucul yetiştiricilik) ve hidroponik (topraksız tarım) sistemlerin entegrasyonu ile meydana gelen bir polikültür sistemdir. Akuaponik sistemler, suyun akuakültürde ve bitki tarımında sürekli bir döngü içinde, sürdürülebilir kullanımını sağlar. Akuakültür tanklarında biriken nutrientce zengin atıklar, bitkilerin büyümesi için gerekli doğal gübreyi sağlarken, akuatik canlılar için zararlı olan amonyak, bitkiler ve yararlı bakteriler tarafından sudan uzaklaştırılmaktadır. Zararlı atıklardan arındırılmış su tekrar akuakültür tanklarına verilerek, akuatik ortamın ihtiyacı olan temiz su sağlanmaktadır. Akuakültür ortamında oluşan doğal gübre ise, bitkilerin amonyak ihtiyacını karşılamaktadır. Akuaponik sistemde tilapya, koi, japon balığı, sazan, tatlısu levreği, yayın, karabalık gibi akuatik canlılar ile marul, ıspanak, roka, fesleğen, nane, su teresi, domates, biber, salatalık, fasulye, bezelye ve kabak gibi bitkiler yetiştirilebilmektedir. Sistemin su parametreleri yaklaşık olarak; sıcaklık 24 o C, pH 7, çözünmüş oksijen 6,2 mg/L olmalıdır.
Akuaponik sistemlerde hormon, herbisit, pestisit ya da suni gübre kullanılmadan yapılan yetiştiricilik ile çevre kirlilik yükü azaltmakta ve ekolojik ürünler yetiştirilmesine olanak sağlanmaktadır. Ayrıca akuaponik sistemler, standart bitki yetiştiriciliğinde harcanan sudan %90 daha az su kullanımını sağlamakta ayrıca çok yönlü uyarlanabilir sistemler olduklarından küçük ya da büyük ölçekli farklı tasarımlar geliştirilebilmektedir. Bu derlemede, akuaponik sistemlerin farklı tasarımlarına ve geliştirilmiş dizayn örneklerine yer verilmiştir.
References
- Aguaponics, 2006. Integration of Attra Hydroponis with Aquaculture. By Steve Diver NCAT Agriculture Specialist Published 2006. www.attra.ncat.org.
- Aqua-Vegeculture System, 2009. (http://www.fadr.msu.ru/rodale/agsieve/txt/vol1/3/art7.html, 16.07.2015)
- Aquaponics, 2009. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponics, 17.07.2015) Aquaponics Commercial Systems, 2012. (http://www.ecofilms.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/lettuce-floating-raft2.jpg, 17.07.2015). Aquaponics, 2013. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UDHHsn8zkE, 17.07.2015). Aquaponicsplan, 2015. Diy Aquaponics System plants (http://aquaponicsplan.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/organic aquaponics-1.jpg,17.07.2015).
- Aquaponics, 2015. (http://www.ecogrow.ca/Flash/FloatingRaft2012.gif, 17.07.2015).
- Aquaponics USA and Aquaponics World,2015. (http://www.aquaponicsworld.net/Aquaponics_World_Food_Forever_Farm_Systems_files/Bok%20Choy%20growing%20in%20a%20raft%20system.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Aquaponic Garden Systems, 2015. (https://www.buzzle.com/.../types-of-aquaponic-systems.html, 17.07.2015)
- Aquaponics, 2016. The Surprising Benefits and Types of Aquaponic Systems. (http://www.buzzle.com/images/buzzle/aquaponics-nft.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Backyard Aquaponics, 2007. Aquaponics magazine for the backyard enthusiast, Issue 1, 35 s. Backyard Aquaponics, 2011. The IBC of Aquaponics. (http://www.backyardaquaponics.com/Travis/IBCofAquaponics1.pdf, 15.04.2015).
- Brett, R. Roe and David J. Midmore, 2008. Sustainable Aquaponics, Issue 103. (http://www.hydroponics.com.au/images/story_i103/103_sustainable_aqua_07.jpg,17.07.2015). Breanne, K. 2016. 4 Easy Ways to Begin Your Own Hydroponics System. (http://hydroponicsgrower.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/1-Hydroponic-Drip-System.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Ecolife, 2012. Introduction to Village Aquaponics. (http://eco-library.theplanetfixer.org/docs/aquaponics/introduction-to-village-aquaponics-ecolife-2012.pdf, 05.03.2015).
- FAO, 2014. Small-Scale Aquaponic Food Production. (http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4021e.pdf, 05.03.2015).
- FAO, 2015. Media Bed Aquaponic Unit-Step by Step Description. (http://www.aquaponics.com/media/media-bed.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Food & Water Watch, 2008. RAS Land-Based Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. (http://documents.foodandwaterwatch.org/doc/RAS1.pdf#_ga=1.224870106.1318648469.1443441141, 18.01.2015).
- Gönen, S. 2013. Akuaponik Bahçecilik ve Akuaponik Sistemlerin Yaşayan Elementleri: SOLUCANLAR. (http://solucangubresi.web.tr/makaleler/makaleler-2/akuaponik-bahcecilik-ve-akuaponik-sistemlerin-yasayan-elementleri-solucanlar.html, 04.01.2015). Home aquaponics system, 2015.
- (http://homeaquaponicssystem.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/media-filled-bed.jpg, 17.07.2015)
- Home Hydroponic Systems, 2015. (http//www.homehydrosystems.com/, 17.07.2015) Hydroponic-Drip-System,2015. (http://hydroponicsgrower.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/1-Hydroponic-Drip-System.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Kerim, M., Ustaoğlu Tırıl, S., 2009. Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliğinde Akuaponik Uygulamalar. XV. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, 01-04 Temmuz, Rize.
- Mukherjee, S. 2013. Concept Note: Aquaponic Systems and Technologies. Sankalpa Research Center. (http://www.sankalpacmfs.org/src/wp/Concept.Note_Aquaponic.Systems.pdf, 15.04.2015).
- Nelson and Pade, 2015.Methods Aquaponics. (http://aquaponics.com/methods-of-aquaponics/, 10.02.2015).
- Rakocy, J.E., Losordo, T.M. and Masser, M.P. 1992. Recirculating Aquaculture Tank Production Systems: Integrating Fish and Plant Culture. SRAC Publication, No. 454. Southern Region Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA.
- Russell, B. 2013. Top 10 Benefits of Having Aquaponics at Home. (http://homeaquaponicssystem.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/media-filled-bed.jpg, 17.07.2015).
- Sfetcu, L., Cristea, V., Oprea, L., 2008. Nutrients dynimic in an aquaponic recirculating systems for sturgeon and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production. Lucrari Ştiintifice Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, Vol. 41 (2), Timişoara.
- Solucan çayı ve akuaponik sistemler, 2015. (http://www.woodwormfarms.com/pics/aquaponics_small_frame_manual_eng.pd, 01.04.2015).
There are 23 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural Engineering |
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2018 |
| Submission Date | September 15, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 32 Issue: 2 |
Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.