Abstract
D. H. Lawrence’s “Snake” and Elizabeth Bishop’s “The Fish” are two important poems which reflect the poet’s connection with nature by employing psychoanalytical theory. These poems are studied to discover basic psychological problems in the poets’ subconscious minds. Lawrence’s meeting with the snake symbolizes challenges against his excessive desires and constantly changing mind. He can obtain the real essence of life only through his deep journey into his inner self. Similarly, Bishop’s initial encounter with the fish foreshadows her adventure towards self-realisation. She can travel in her subconscious world to discover the disordered parts of her life that lead her to mental trauma. The present study searches for the themes of suppression, desire and transformation of both poets by using Freudian understanding of psychoanalytic theory. In other words, the paper highlights the poets’ distinct endeavours to meet the unconscious and how their changeable psychology affects the mood of their selected poems. Both poems touch upon similar themes, and their divergent ways of approaching the unconscious mind reveal a distinctive understanding of human psychology. In this respect, the article seeks to uncover the symbolic implications of the animals and search how the poets’ inner conflicts are demonstrated through their encounters with them.
Project Number
No.
References
- Ağır, B. (2022). “Animal Subjectivity and Ethics of Care: Human-Nonhuman Relations in Doris Lessing’s On Cats.” Ideas: Journal of English Literary Studies, 2.1: 29-44.
- Becket, F. (2002). The Complete Critical Guide to D. H. Lawrence. Routledge.
- Bishop, E. (2011). “The Fish.” Poems. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, pp. 43-44.
- Brenner, C. (1974). An Elementary Textbook of Psychoanalysis. Doubleday.
- Costello, B. (1991). Elizabeth Bishop: Questions of Mastery. Harvard U. P.
- Freud, S. (1935). A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. Trans. Joan Riviere. Liveright
- Freud, S. (1955). “Beyond the Pleasure Principle.” Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Group Psychology, and Other Works. The Hogarth Press, pp. 7-58.
- Freud, S. (1963). Character and Culture (Philip Rieff, Ed.). “Psychoanalysis”. Collier.
- Freud, S. (1965). The Interpretation of Dreams. Avon.
- Freud, S. (1973). Studies on Hysteria. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Ed. James Strachey. Hogarth Press.
- Hegel, G. W. F. (1967). The Phenomenology of Mind. (Trans. J.B . Baillie). Harper.
- Hinsie, L. E., & Campbell, R. J. (1970). Psychiatric dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford U. P.
- Hoffman, F. J. (1957). Freudianism and the Literary Mind. Louisiana U. P.
- Jackson, L. (2000). Literature, Psychoanalysis and the New Sciences of Mind. Pearson Education.
- Jarrell, R. (1946). “On North & South”. L. Schwartz and S. P. Estess, ed(s). Elizabeth Bishop and Her Art, 1983. The University of Michigan Press.
- Keese, A. (2012). “Pansies: Lawrence's Search for the Animal Other in Humans.” D. H. Lawrence Studies: pp. 135-152.
- Keith B. (1996). A Practical Introduction to Literary Theory and Criticism. Longman Publisher.
- Lawrence, D. H. (1988) “The Reality of Peace”. Reflections on the Death of a Porcupine and Other Essays. Edited by M. Herbert. Cambridge University Press, pp. 27-52.
- Lawrence, D. H. (2002). “Snake”. The Complete Poems of D. H. Lawrence. Edited by D. Ellis. Wordsworth, pp. 282-284.
- Parker, R. D., Edward B., and Cary N.(2004). “Elizabeth Bishop.” Modern American Poetry. University of Illinois at Urbana Champagne.
- Pinto, V. S. (1993). “D. H. Lawrence: Poet without a Mask”. Complete Poems by D. H. Lawrence. Ed. Vivian De Sola Pinto and Warren Roberts. Viking, pp. 1-21.
- Retief, F. P. and Cilliers, L. (2002). "Snake and Staff Symbolism, and Healing." South African Medical Journal 92.7: 553-556.
- Rohman, C. (2009). Stalking the Subject: Modernism and the Animal. Columbia U. P.
- Thurschwell, P. (2000). Sigmund Freud. Routledge.
- Tyson, L. (2006). Critical Theory Today: A User-Friend Guide. Garland Publishing. Inc.
Abstract
D. H. Lawrence’ın “Yılan” ve Elizabeth Bishop’ın “Balık” şiirleri, şairlerin doğayla kurdukları bağlantıyı psikanalitik teori aracılığıyla yansıtan iki önemli yapıttır. Bu şiirler, şairlerin bilinçaltı zihinlerindeki temel psikolojik sorunları keşfetmek amacıyla incelenmiştir. Lawrence’ın yılanla karşılaşması, aşırı arzularına ve sürekli değişen zihinsel durumuna karşı bir meydan okumayı sembolize eder. Yaşamın gerçek özüne, ancak içsel benliğine yaptığı derin bir yolculukla ulaşabilir. Benzer şekilde, Bishop’ın balıkla ilk karşılaşması da kendini gerçekleştirme sürecinin habercisidir. Bilinçaltı dünyasında yaptığı yolculuk sayesinde, hayatındaki zihinsel travmalara neden olan düzensiz parçaları keşfedebilir. Bu çalışma, Freud’un psikanalitik teorisi çerçevesinde her iki şairin baskı, arzu ve dönüşüm temalarını incelemektedir. Başka bir deyişle, makale, şairlerin bilinçaltlarıyla yüzleşmek için gösterdikleri farklı çabaları ve değişken psikolojilerinin seçilen şiirlerin ruh halini nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Her iki şiir de benzer temaları ele almakta ve bilinçaltına ulaşmanın farklı yolları aracılığıyla insan psikolojisine dair çeşitli anlayışları gözler önüne sermektedir. Bu bağlamda makale, hayvanların sembolik anlamlarını açığa çıkarmayı ve şairlerin içsel çatışmalarının hayvanlarla karşılaşmaları aracılığıyla nasıl dışa vurulduğunu araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Ethical Statement
Ethical Approval is not required.
Supporting Institution
No.
Project Number
No.
References
- Ağır, B. (2022). “Animal Subjectivity and Ethics of Care: Human-Nonhuman Relations in Doris Lessing’s On Cats.” Ideas: Journal of English Literary Studies, 2.1: 29-44.
- Becket, F. (2002). The Complete Critical Guide to D. H. Lawrence. Routledge.
- Bishop, E. (2011). “The Fish.” Poems. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, pp. 43-44.
- Brenner, C. (1974). An Elementary Textbook of Psychoanalysis. Doubleday.
- Costello, B. (1991). Elizabeth Bishop: Questions of Mastery. Harvard U. P.
- Freud, S. (1935). A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. Trans. Joan Riviere. Liveright
- Freud, S. (1955). “Beyond the Pleasure Principle.” Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Group Psychology, and Other Works. The Hogarth Press, pp. 7-58.
- Freud, S. (1963). Character and Culture (Philip Rieff, Ed.). “Psychoanalysis”. Collier.
- Freud, S. (1965). The Interpretation of Dreams. Avon.
- Freud, S. (1973). Studies on Hysteria. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Ed. James Strachey. Hogarth Press.
- Hegel, G. W. F. (1967). The Phenomenology of Mind. (Trans. J.B . Baillie). Harper.
- Hinsie, L. E., & Campbell, R. J. (1970). Psychiatric dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford U. P.
- Hoffman, F. J. (1957). Freudianism and the Literary Mind. Louisiana U. P.
- Jackson, L. (2000). Literature, Psychoanalysis and the New Sciences of Mind. Pearson Education.
- Jarrell, R. (1946). “On North & South”. L. Schwartz and S. P. Estess, ed(s). Elizabeth Bishop and Her Art, 1983. The University of Michigan Press.
- Keese, A. (2012). “Pansies: Lawrence's Search for the Animal Other in Humans.” D. H. Lawrence Studies: pp. 135-152.
- Keith B. (1996). A Practical Introduction to Literary Theory and Criticism. Longman Publisher.
- Lawrence, D. H. (1988) “The Reality of Peace”. Reflections on the Death of a Porcupine and Other Essays. Edited by M. Herbert. Cambridge University Press, pp. 27-52.
- Lawrence, D. H. (2002). “Snake”. The Complete Poems of D. H. Lawrence. Edited by D. Ellis. Wordsworth, pp. 282-284.
- Parker, R. D., Edward B., and Cary N.(2004). “Elizabeth Bishop.” Modern American Poetry. University of Illinois at Urbana Champagne.
- Pinto, V. S. (1993). “D. H. Lawrence: Poet without a Mask”. Complete Poems by D. H. Lawrence. Ed. Vivian De Sola Pinto and Warren Roberts. Viking, pp. 1-21.
- Retief, F. P. and Cilliers, L. (2002). "Snake and Staff Symbolism, and Healing." South African Medical Journal 92.7: 553-556.
- Rohman, C. (2009). Stalking the Subject: Modernism and the Animal. Columbia U. P.
- Thurschwell, P. (2000). Sigmund Freud. Routledge.
- Tyson, L. (2006). Critical Theory Today: A User-Friend Guide. Garland Publishing. Inc.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Comparative and Transnational Literature |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | No. |
| Early Pub Date | July 1, 2025 |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | October 27, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | May 10, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 19 Issue: 1 |
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