Review
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Year 2025, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 80 - 84, 30.06.2025

Deniz Taşkıran , Salih Kolsuz

https://doi.org/10.70058/cjm.1580454

Abstract

Project Number

1

References

  • Lai TJ, Teng SW, Chang CK, Huang CY. Progesterone in Pregnancy: Evidence-Based Strategies to Reduce Miscarriage and Enhance Assisted Reproductive Technology. Med Sci Monit. 2024 Mar 8;30:e943400. doi: 10.12659/MSM.943400.
  • Tuuli MG, Norman SM, Odibo AO, Macones GA, Cahill AG. Perinatal outcomes in women with subchorionic hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 May;117(5):1205-1212. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31821568de.
  • Csapo AI, Pulkkinen MO, Ruttner B, Sauvage JP, Wiest WG. The significance of the human corpus luteum in pregnancy maintenance. I. Preliminary studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972 Apr 15;112(8):1061-7. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(72)90181-0.
  • Swyer GI, Daley D. Progesterone implantation in habitual abortion. Br Med J. 1953 May 16;1(4819):1073-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.4819.1073.
  • Van der Linden M, Buckingham K, Farquhar C, Kremer JA, Metwally M. Luteal phase support for assisted reproduction cycles. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 7;2015(7):CD009154. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009154.pub3.
  • Deng Y, Chen C, Chen S, Mai G, Liao X, Tian H, Liu W, Ji S, Liu Y, Gao J, Luo S. Baseline Levels of Serum Progesterone and the First Trimester Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Threatened Abortion: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Mar 2;2020:8780253. doi: 10.1155/2020/8780253.
  • Osmanağaoğlu MA, Erdoğan I, Eminağaoğlu S, Karahan SC, Ozgün S, Can G, Bozkaya H. The diagnostic value of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, CA125 in the prediction of abortions. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010 Apr;30(3):288-93. doi: 10.3109/01443611003605286.
  • Bender Atik R, Christiansen OB, Elson J, Kolte AM, Lewis S, Middeldorp S, Nelen W, Peramo B, Quenby S, Vermeulen N, Goddijn M. ESHRE guideline: recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod Open. 2018 Apr 6;2018(2):hoy004. doi: 10.1093/hropen/hoy004.
  • Paulson RJ, Collins MG, Yankov VI. Progesterone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with 3 dosages and 2 regimens of an effervescent micronized progesterone vaginal insert. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Nov;99(11):4241-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3937.
  • Goletiani NV, Keith DR, Gorsky SJ. Progesterone: review of safety for clinical studies. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007 Oct;15(5):427-44. doi: 10.1037/1064-1297.15.5.427.
  • Cunningham FG. Section IX. Reproductive success and failure. Williams Obstetrics. 21st Edition. New York: McGraw‐Hill, 2001
  • Rossen LM, Ahrens KA, Branum AM. Trends in Risk of Pregnancy Loss Among US Women, 1990-2011. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018 Jan;32(1):19-29. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12417.
  • Magnus MC, Wilcox AJ, Morken NH, Weinberg CR, Håberg SE. Role of maternal age and pregnancy history in risk of miscarriage: prospective register based study. BMJ. 2019 Mar 20;364:l869. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l869.
  • Garrido-Gimenez C, Alijotas-Reig J. Recurrent miscarriage: causes, evaluation and management. Postgrad Med J. 2015 Mar;91(1073):151-62. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-132672.
  • Alberman E. Spontaneous abortions: epidemiology. In: Spontaneous Abortion: Diagnosis and Treatment. London: Springer Verlag, 1992:9-20
  • Lykke JA, Dideriksen KL, Langhoff-Roos J. First-trimester vaginal bleeding and complications later in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 May;115(5):935-944. doi: 10.1097
  • Devall AJ, Papadopoulou A, Podesek M, Haas DM, Price MJ, Coomarasamy A, Gallos ID. Progestogens for preventing miscarriage: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 19;4(4):CD013792. doi: 10.1002/14651858.
  • Marcinko VM, Marcinko D, Dordević V, Oresković S. Anxiety and depression in pregnant women with previous history of spontaneous abortion. Coll Antropol. 2011 Jan;35 Suppl 1:225-8.
  • Lee HJ, Park TC, Kim JH, Norwitz E, Lee B. The Influence of Oral Dydrogesterone and Vaginal Progesterone on Threatened Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:3616875. doi: 10.1155/2017/3616875.
  • Coomarasamy A, Devall AJ, Brosens JJ, et al. Micronized vaginal progesterone to prevent miscarriage: a critical evaluation of randomized evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Aug;223(2):167-176. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.12.006.
  • Zhao H, He W, Yang Z. A pairwise and network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of progestogens in threatened abortion. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022 Mar;156(3):383-393. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13707.
  • Shaikh R, Jalbani A, Lashari S, et al. Role of micronized progesterone versus dydrogestron in patients with threatened abortion. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Pak. 2022;12(3):262–66.
  • Yatam S, Pandey S, Patil Y, Patil S. Oral dydrogesterone and micronized progesterone in threatened miscarriage in terms of pain lower abdomen and bleeding per vaginum. NeuroQuantology. 2022;20(6):8606–10.
  • Kuon RJ, Berger R, Rath W. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate for the Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Taking into Account the PROLONG Trial. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2021 Jan;81(1):61-69. doi: 10.1055/a-1295-0752.
  • Murphy CC, Cirillo PM, Krigbaum NY, Cohn BA. In utero exposure to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and risk of cancer in offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jan;226(1):132.e1-132.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.10.035.
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Statement: Response to the Food and Drug Administration's withdrawal of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Jul;229(1):B2-B6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.04.012.
  • Haas DM, Hathaway TJ, Ramsey PS. Progestogen for preventing miscarriage in women with recurrent miscarriage of unclear etiology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 20;2019(11):CD003511. doi: 10.1002/14651858.

A Review of the Effect of Progesterone Use on Miscarriage in Early Pregnancy Bleeding

Year 2025, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 80 - 84, 30.06.2025

Deniz Taşkıran , Salih Kolsuz

https://doi.org/10.70058/cjm.1580454

Abstract

Pregnancy-related psychological and physiological issues can arise from treating impending miscarriage, miscarriage, and repeated pregnancy loss. Treatment is challenging since miscarriage and recurrent pregnancy loss have no obvious etiopathogenesis and are caused by a variety of causes. The pregesterone derivatives utilized in treatment, their administration method, length, and which derivative works best for treating the condition are all unclear.
Threatened abortion, spontaneous abortion, incomplete abortion, and full abortion are the different categories of miscarriages.The basis for this classification is whether cervical patency is present or not. Threatened miscarriage is a clinical condition where there is no cervical patency and accompanying hemorrhage. Recurrent pregnancy loss is another term for three or more miscarriages.
There are two types of progestogens: synthetic and natural. Progestogens differ from one another in their potency, modes of action, and modes of administration.
The purpose of this review was to examine the advantages, administration techniques, length of administration, and statistics related to the use of progestogens in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss and impending miscarriage.

Keywords

pregnancy miscarriage progestin

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval was not received for the compilation prepared from open platforms.

Supporting Institution

no

Project Number

1

Thanks

no

References

  • Lai TJ, Teng SW, Chang CK, Huang CY. Progesterone in Pregnancy: Evidence-Based Strategies to Reduce Miscarriage and Enhance Assisted Reproductive Technology. Med Sci Monit. 2024 Mar 8;30:e943400. doi: 10.12659/MSM.943400.
  • Tuuli MG, Norman SM, Odibo AO, Macones GA, Cahill AG. Perinatal outcomes in women with subchorionic hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 May;117(5):1205-1212. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31821568de.
  • Csapo AI, Pulkkinen MO, Ruttner B, Sauvage JP, Wiest WG. The significance of the human corpus luteum in pregnancy maintenance. I. Preliminary studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972 Apr 15;112(8):1061-7. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(72)90181-0.
  • Swyer GI, Daley D. Progesterone implantation in habitual abortion. Br Med J. 1953 May 16;1(4819):1073-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.4819.1073.
  • Van der Linden M, Buckingham K, Farquhar C, Kremer JA, Metwally M. Luteal phase support for assisted reproduction cycles. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 7;2015(7):CD009154. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009154.pub3.
  • Deng Y, Chen C, Chen S, Mai G, Liao X, Tian H, Liu W, Ji S, Liu Y, Gao J, Luo S. Baseline Levels of Serum Progesterone and the First Trimester Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Threatened Abortion: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Mar 2;2020:8780253. doi: 10.1155/2020/8780253.
  • Osmanağaoğlu MA, Erdoğan I, Eminağaoğlu S, Karahan SC, Ozgün S, Can G, Bozkaya H. The diagnostic value of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, CA125 in the prediction of abortions. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010 Apr;30(3):288-93. doi: 10.3109/01443611003605286.
  • Bender Atik R, Christiansen OB, Elson J, Kolte AM, Lewis S, Middeldorp S, Nelen W, Peramo B, Quenby S, Vermeulen N, Goddijn M. ESHRE guideline: recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod Open. 2018 Apr 6;2018(2):hoy004. doi: 10.1093/hropen/hoy004.
  • Paulson RJ, Collins MG, Yankov VI. Progesterone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with 3 dosages and 2 regimens of an effervescent micronized progesterone vaginal insert. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Nov;99(11):4241-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3937.
  • Goletiani NV, Keith DR, Gorsky SJ. Progesterone: review of safety for clinical studies. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007 Oct;15(5):427-44. doi: 10.1037/1064-1297.15.5.427.
  • Cunningham FG. Section IX. Reproductive success and failure. Williams Obstetrics. 21st Edition. New York: McGraw‐Hill, 2001
  • Rossen LM, Ahrens KA, Branum AM. Trends in Risk of Pregnancy Loss Among US Women, 1990-2011. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018 Jan;32(1):19-29. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12417.
  • Magnus MC, Wilcox AJ, Morken NH, Weinberg CR, Håberg SE. Role of maternal age and pregnancy history in risk of miscarriage: prospective register based study. BMJ. 2019 Mar 20;364:l869. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l869.
  • Garrido-Gimenez C, Alijotas-Reig J. Recurrent miscarriage: causes, evaluation and management. Postgrad Med J. 2015 Mar;91(1073):151-62. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-132672.
  • Alberman E. Spontaneous abortions: epidemiology. In: Spontaneous Abortion: Diagnosis and Treatment. London: Springer Verlag, 1992:9-20
  • Lykke JA, Dideriksen KL, Langhoff-Roos J. First-trimester vaginal bleeding and complications later in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 May;115(5):935-944. doi: 10.1097
  • Devall AJ, Papadopoulou A, Podesek M, Haas DM, Price MJ, Coomarasamy A, Gallos ID. Progestogens for preventing miscarriage: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 19;4(4):CD013792. doi: 10.1002/14651858.
  • Marcinko VM, Marcinko D, Dordević V, Oresković S. Anxiety and depression in pregnant women with previous history of spontaneous abortion. Coll Antropol. 2011 Jan;35 Suppl 1:225-8.
  • Lee HJ, Park TC, Kim JH, Norwitz E, Lee B. The Influence of Oral Dydrogesterone and Vaginal Progesterone on Threatened Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:3616875. doi: 10.1155/2017/3616875.
  • Coomarasamy A, Devall AJ, Brosens JJ, et al. Micronized vaginal progesterone to prevent miscarriage: a critical evaluation of randomized evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Aug;223(2):167-176. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.12.006.
  • Zhao H, He W, Yang Z. A pairwise and network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of progestogens in threatened abortion. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022 Mar;156(3):383-393. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13707.
  • Shaikh R, Jalbani A, Lashari S, et al. Role of micronized progesterone versus dydrogestron in patients with threatened abortion. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Pak. 2022;12(3):262–66.
  • Yatam S, Pandey S, Patil Y, Patil S. Oral dydrogesterone and micronized progesterone in threatened miscarriage in terms of pain lower abdomen and bleeding per vaginum. NeuroQuantology. 2022;20(6):8606–10.
  • Kuon RJ, Berger R, Rath W. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate for the Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Taking into Account the PROLONG Trial. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2021 Jan;81(1):61-69. doi: 10.1055/a-1295-0752.
  • Murphy CC, Cirillo PM, Krigbaum NY, Cohn BA. In utero exposure to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and risk of cancer in offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jan;226(1):132.e1-132.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.10.035.
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Statement: Response to the Food and Drug Administration's withdrawal of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Jul;229(1):B2-B6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.04.012.
  • Haas DM, Hathaway TJ, Ramsey PS. Progestogen for preventing miscarriage in women with recurrent miscarriage of unclear etiology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 20;2019(11):CD003511. doi: 10.1002/14651858.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Deniz Taşkıran 0000-0001-7270-4566

Salih Kolsuz 0000-0003-3485-5130

Project Number 1
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date December 11, 2024
Acceptance Date April 23, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Taşkıran D, Kolsuz S. A Review of the Effect of Progesterone Use on Miscarriage in Early Pregnancy Bleeding. Cerasus J Med. 2025;2(2):80-4.
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