Abstract
Amaç: Mandibular kondil, yüz büyümesi için önemli bir anatomik dönüm noktasıdır. Temporomandibular eklemin (TME) en önemli fonksiyonları çiğneme ve konuşmadır ve diş hekimleri, ortodontistler, klinisyenler ve radyologlar için büyük ilgi çekicidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, pediatrik popülasyonlarda panoramik radyografiler aracılığıyla kondilin farklı tipteki normal morfolojik varyasyonlarının belgelenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, 6-12 yaş arası 101'i (%50,5) kız ve 99'u (%49,5) erkek olmak üzere 200 kişinin görüntülenmesinin ardından 400 kondil başının radyolojik değerlendirmesini içermektedir. Beş tip kondiler morfoloji tanımlanmıştır: a)Kuş gagası, b) Elmas, c) Oval, d) Açılı, e) Düzgün şekilli.
Bulgular: Elmas kategorisine toplam 133 kişi tespit edildi. Oval kategorisinde sağ ve sol taraftaki ölçümlerin simetrik (benzer) olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer kategoriler Elmas, Düz, Açılı ve Kuş Gagasıdır. Kızlarda sol ve sağ taraf ölçüm kategorileri arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. (p<0,05).
Sonuçlar: Örneklem sayısının arttırılması ve üç boyutlu değerlendirmelerin yapılmasının bu bölgedeki anatomik yapıların tanımı ve değişimini netleştirmeye yardımcı olacağına inanıyoruz. Konvansiyonel ve dijital panoramik görüntülerin kısıtlamalarının üstesinden gelip gelmediklerini belirlemek için 3 boyutlu verilerden oluşturulan panoramik görüntüleri kullanan çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Klinik Önem: Mandibular kondil şeklindeki morfolojik varyasyonların kapsamlı bir şekilde bilinmesi, standart bir varyant ile anormal bir durumu ayırt etmek için hayati önem taşımaktadır.
Ethical Statement
Bu retrospektif çalışma Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından 2023/494 sayılı karar ile onaylanmıştır.
Thanks
Bu çalışmanın istatistiksel aşamasındaki yardımları için Uzman Zeynep Uzel'e teşekkür ederiz
References
- Singh B., Kumar, N. R., Balan, A., et al. Evaluation of normal morphology of mandibular condyle: a radiographic survey. J Clin Imaging Sci 202; 10, 51. Doi: 10.25259/JCIS_84_2020.
- Alomar X., Medrano J., Cabratosa J., et al. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2007; 28(3):170–83. Doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2007.02.002.
- Shaikh AH., Ahmed S., Ahmed AR., et al. Assessment of radiographic morphology of mandibular condyles: a radiographic study. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2022; 81(2):481–6. Doi: 10.5603/ FM.a2021.0049.
- Bag AK., Gaddikeri S., Singhal A., et al. Imaging of the temporomandibular joint: an update. World J Radiol 2014; 6(8):567–82. Doi:10.4329/wjr. v6.i8.567.
- Halicioglu K., Celikoglu M., Buyuk SK., Sekerci AE., Candirli C. Effects of early unilateral mandibular first molar extraction on condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry. Eur J Dent 2014; 8(2):178–83. Doi: 10.4103/1305-7456.130595.
- Ahn SJ., Kim TW., Lee DY., Nahm DS. Evaluation of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint by panoramic radiographs compared with magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 129(4):479–85. Doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.12.009.
- Anisuzzaman M., Khan SR., Khan MTI., Abdullah MK., Afrin A. Evaluation of mandibular condylar morphology by orthopantomogram in Bangladeshi population. Update Dent Coll J 2019; 9(1):29–31. Doi: 10.3329/updcj.v9i1.41203.
- Al-Saedi AIL., Riad AL., Al-Jasim NH., Bahaa AL. A panoramic study of the morphology of mandibular condyle in a sample of population from Basrah city. Int J Morphol 2020; 38(6):1707-12. Doi: 10.4067/S0717-95022020000601707.
- Arayapisit T., Ngamsom S., Duangthip P., et al. Understanding the mandibular condyle morphology on panoramic images: a cone beam computed tomography comparison study. Cranio 2023; 41(4):354-61. Doi: 10.1080/08869634.2020.1857627.
- Healy MJR., Goldstein H. An approach to the scaling of categorized attributes. Biometrika 1976; 63(2):219-29. Doi: 10.1093/biomet/63.2.219.
- Nishisato Shizuhiko. Analysis of Categorical Data: Dual Scaling and its Applications. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1980.
- Van Elslande DC., Russett SJ., Major PW., Flores- Mir C. Mandibular asymmetry diagnosis with panoramic imaging. Am J Orthod and Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 134(2): 183-92. Doi: 10.1016/j. ajodo.2007.07.021.
- Sonal V., Sandeep P., Kapil G., Christine R. Evaluation of condylar morphology using panoramic radiography. Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights 2016; 3(1):5-8. Doi: 10.15713/ ins.jcri.94.
- Yavan MA., Isman E., Kocahan S. Evaluation of condylar structures on panoramic radiographs in adolescent patients with coeliac disease. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2019; 78(1):191-4. Doi: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0051.
- Hegde R., Shigli A., Gawali P., Krishnan A., Jadhav G., Raheja S. Morphological variations of the condylar head among children aged 4-15 years: a panoramic study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2021; 39(4):353–7. Doi: 10.4103/jisppd. jisppd_363_21.
- Onem Ozbilen E., Turan B., Başal E., Yıldırım G. Evaluation of mandibular condyle shape distribution using digital panoramic images. European Journal of Research in Dentistry 2023; 7(2):89- 94. Doi: 10.29228/erd.50.
- Khanal P., Pranaya K. Study of mandibular condyle morphology using orthopantomogram. JNDA 2020; 20(1):3-7.
- Tanu LG., Polii H., Lesmana D. Morphological appearance of condylar head in mixed dentition period (evaluated from panoramic radiograph). Preprints 2021. Doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0121. v1.
Abstract
Introduction: The mandibular condyle is an important anatomical landmark for facial growth. The most important functions of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are mastication and speech and are of great interest to dentists, orthodontists, clinicians, and radiologists. The aim of this study is the documentation of different types of normal morphological variations of the condyle by means of panoramic radiographs in pediatric populations.
Materials and Methods: The present study comprised of the radiographic evaluation of 400 condylar heads after visualising 200 patients, with 101 (50.5%) female and 99 (49.5%) male from the age 6-12. Five types of condylar morphology were identified: a)Bird Beak, b) Diamond, c) Oval, d) Cooked Finger, e) Smooth shaped.
Results: A total of 133 patients were included in the Diamond category. In the Oval category, the measurements on the right and left sides were found to be similar. The next categories are Diamond, Smooth, Cooked Finger and Bird Beak. The difference between the left side and right side measurement categories in girls was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: We believe that increasing the sample size and performing three-dimensional evaluations will help to clarify the definition and change of anatomical structures in this region. Future studies using panoramic images generated from 3-dimensional data are needed to determine if they overcome the limitations of conventional and digital panoramic images.
Clinical Significance: A comprehensive understanding of the morphologic variations in the configuration of the mandibular condyle is imperative for the discernment of standard variants from abnormal conditions.
Ethical Statement
This retrospective study was approved by the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Clinical Research Ethics Committee with the decision numbered 2023/494.
Thanks
We would like to thank Specialist Zeynep Uzel for her help in the statistical phase of this study.
References
- Singh B., Kumar, N. R., Balan, A., et al. Evaluation of normal morphology of mandibular condyle: a radiographic survey. J Clin Imaging Sci 202; 10, 51. Doi: 10.25259/JCIS_84_2020.
- Alomar X., Medrano J., Cabratosa J., et al. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2007; 28(3):170–83. Doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2007.02.002.
- Shaikh AH., Ahmed S., Ahmed AR., et al. Assessment of radiographic morphology of mandibular condyles: a radiographic study. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2022; 81(2):481–6. Doi: 10.5603/ FM.a2021.0049.
- Bag AK., Gaddikeri S., Singhal A., et al. Imaging of the temporomandibular joint: an update. World J Radiol 2014; 6(8):567–82. Doi:10.4329/wjr. v6.i8.567.
- Halicioglu K., Celikoglu M., Buyuk SK., Sekerci AE., Candirli C. Effects of early unilateral mandibular first molar extraction on condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry. Eur J Dent 2014; 8(2):178–83. Doi: 10.4103/1305-7456.130595.
- Ahn SJ., Kim TW., Lee DY., Nahm DS. Evaluation of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint by panoramic radiographs compared with magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 129(4):479–85. Doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.12.009.
- Anisuzzaman M., Khan SR., Khan MTI., Abdullah MK., Afrin A. Evaluation of mandibular condylar morphology by orthopantomogram in Bangladeshi population. Update Dent Coll J 2019; 9(1):29–31. Doi: 10.3329/updcj.v9i1.41203.
- Al-Saedi AIL., Riad AL., Al-Jasim NH., Bahaa AL. A panoramic study of the morphology of mandibular condyle in a sample of population from Basrah city. Int J Morphol 2020; 38(6):1707-12. Doi: 10.4067/S0717-95022020000601707.
- Arayapisit T., Ngamsom S., Duangthip P., et al. Understanding the mandibular condyle morphology on panoramic images: a cone beam computed tomography comparison study. Cranio 2023; 41(4):354-61. Doi: 10.1080/08869634.2020.1857627.
- Healy MJR., Goldstein H. An approach to the scaling of categorized attributes. Biometrika 1976; 63(2):219-29. Doi: 10.1093/biomet/63.2.219.
- Nishisato Shizuhiko. Analysis of Categorical Data: Dual Scaling and its Applications. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1980.
- Van Elslande DC., Russett SJ., Major PW., Flores- Mir C. Mandibular asymmetry diagnosis with panoramic imaging. Am J Orthod and Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 134(2): 183-92. Doi: 10.1016/j. ajodo.2007.07.021.
- Sonal V., Sandeep P., Kapil G., Christine R. Evaluation of condylar morphology using panoramic radiography. Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights 2016; 3(1):5-8. Doi: 10.15713/ ins.jcri.94.
- Yavan MA., Isman E., Kocahan S. Evaluation of condylar structures on panoramic radiographs in adolescent patients with coeliac disease. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2019; 78(1):191-4. Doi: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0051.
- Hegde R., Shigli A., Gawali P., Krishnan A., Jadhav G., Raheja S. Morphological variations of the condylar head among children aged 4-15 years: a panoramic study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2021; 39(4):353–7. Doi: 10.4103/jisppd. jisppd_363_21.
- Onem Ozbilen E., Turan B., Başal E., Yıldırım G. Evaluation of mandibular condyle shape distribution using digital panoramic images. European Journal of Research in Dentistry 2023; 7(2):89- 94. Doi: 10.29228/erd.50.
- Khanal P., Pranaya K. Study of mandibular condyle morphology using orthopantomogram. JNDA 2020; 20(1):3-7.
- Tanu LG., Polii H., Lesmana D. Morphological appearance of condylar head in mixed dentition period (evaluated from panoramic radiograph). Preprints 2021. Doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0121. v1.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Radiology and Organ Imaging, Anatomy |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | February 28, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | April 19, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 |
