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Performance evaluation of the semi-automated urine analyser DFI R-600S

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 368 - 372, 30.06.2025

Murat Can , Berrak Guven , Ferhan Adıbelli , Emrah Altunsoy

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1583681

Abstract

Objective: The major considerations of the urine analysis performed in laboratories are to obtain a fast and accurate test result. Increasing number of instruments and methods have been developed for making it possible. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of the DFI R600S with that of the Roche Cobas U411.
Methods: Five hundred thirty three freshly obtained out- and in-patient routine urine samples collected. We conducted an analysis using results from urine dipstick tests that measure ten parameters: glucose, protein, bilirubin, urobilinogen, pH, specific gravity, ketones, red blood cells, nitrite, and leukocytes. Both analyzers were utilized in the process, followed by a microscopic examination of the urinary sediment.
Results: It was determined that the pH and specific gravity tests showed poor concordance, while the remaining tests exhibited moderate to very good concordance between the manual microscopic method and the individual devices.
Conclusion: The semi-automated test strip analyzer DFI R600S offers low cost, easy to use and reliable first level screening method for urinalysis but it is important to be aware of conditions produce false-positive or false-negative results of the urine dipstick.

Keywords

Urine analysis dipstick urine microscopy Roche Cobas U411 DFI R600S

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Noninvasive Clinic Ethics Committee (Approval date: 04.09.2024 Number2024/15)

References

  • Hitzeman N, Greer D, Carpio E. Office-based urinalysis: A comprehensive review. American Family Physician. 2022;106(1):27–35.
  • European Confederation of Laboratory Medicine. European urinalysis guidelines. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 2000;231:1-86.
  • Haq K, Patel DM. Urinalysis: Interpretation and clinical correlations. Medical Clinics North America. 2023;107(4):659–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2023.03.002.
  • Kavuru V, Vu T, Karageorge L, Choudhury D, Senger R, Robertson J. Dipstick analysis of urine chemistry: Benefits and limitations of dry chemistry-based assays. Postgrad Med. 2020;132(3):225-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2019.1679540
  • Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Urinalysis; approved guideline -third Edition. CLSI document GP16-A3. Wayne, PA, USA: CLSI, 2009.
  • Cohen J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas. 1960;20(1): 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2019.1587788
  • Rodgers M, Nixon J, Hempel S, Aho T, Kelly J, Neal D, Duffy S, Ritchie G, Kleijnen J, Westwood M. Diagnostic tests and algorithms used in the investigation of haematuria: Systematic reviews and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2006;10(18): 3-4. https://doi.org/ 10.3310/hta10180.
  • Brunzel NA. Fundamentals of Urine and Body Fluids Analysis. 4th ed. Elsevier, 2013.
  • Ko DH, Jeong TD, Kim S, Chung HJ, Lee W, Chun S, Min WK. Influence of vitamin C on urine dipstick test results. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2015;45(4):391–395. https://doi.org/0091-7370/15/0400-391.
  • Hashani DD, Fejza A, Ibrahimi B, Agahi R. Comparing dipstick tests with other urinalysis methods in Kosovo. Biochimica Clinica. 2021;45(4):375-380.
  • King SS, Schaub DLM. Urinalysis and Body Fluids 6th ed. F.A. Davis, 2014
  • Mahyar A, Ayazi P, Froozesh M, Daneshi-Kohan MM, Barikani A. Can urinary nitrite results be used to conduct antimicrobial option for urinary tract infection in children? Iran J Pediatr. 2012;22:237–240.
  • Kavurua V, Vub T, Karageorgec L, Choudhuryd D, Sengerb R and Robertsonce J. Dipstick analysis of urine chemistry: Benefits and limitations of dry chemistry-based assays Postgrad Med. 2020;132(3):225-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2019.1679540.
  • Clark WF, Macnab JJ, Sontrop JM, Jain AK, Moist L, Salvadori M, Suri R, Garg A. Dipstick proteinuria as a screening strategy to identify rapid renal decline. Journal of The American Society of Nephrology 2011;22(9):1729-1736. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2010111217.
  • White SL, Yu R, Craig JC, Polkinghorne KR, Atkins RC, Chadban SJ. Diagnostic accuracy of urine dipsticks for detection of albuminuria in the general community. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;58:19-28. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.12.026.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Screening for type 2 diabetes: report of a World Health Organization and International Diabetes Federation meeting Published [2003]. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/68614
  • Katulanda P, Hill NR, Stratton I, Sheriff R , Silva SDN, Matthews DR. Development and validation of a diabetes risk score for screening undiagnosed diabetes in Sri Lanka (SLDRISK). BMC Endocr Disord. 2016;16(42):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-016-0124-8
  • Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Hu G, Chen L. Evaluation of Finnish Diabetes Risk Score in screening undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes among U.S. adults by gender and race: NHANES 1999–2010. PLoS One 2014;22:(9):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097865
  • Arora S, Henderson SO, Long T, Menchine M. Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care testing for diabetic ketoacidosis at emergency-department triage: {beta}-hydroxybutyrate versus the urine dipstick. Diabetes Care 2011;34(4):852–854. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1844
  • Kipp ZA, Badmus O, Stec D, Hall B, Hinds TD. Bilirubin bioconversion to urobilin in the gut-liver-kidney axis: A biomarker for insulin resistance in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome. Metabolism 2025; 163:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156081
  • Wesarachkitti B, Khejonnit V, Pratumvinit B, Reesukumal K, Meepanya S, Pattanavin C, Wongkrajang P. Performance evaluation and comparison of the fully automated urinalysis analyzers UX-2000 and cobas 6500. Lab Med. 2016;47(2):124–133. https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/lmw002
  • Kwong T, Robinson C, Spencer D, Wiseman OJ, Karet Frankl FE. Accuracy of urine pH testing in a regional metabolic renal clinic: Is the dipstick accurate enough? Urolithiasis 2013;41(2):129-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-013-0546-y.
  • Fogazzi GB, Verdesca S, Garigali G. Urinalysis: Core curriculum 2008. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;51(6):1052–1067. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.11.039.
  • Tanaka Y, Matsumoto M, Yasuı M, Hokama R, Takehara H, Itose Y, Iınuma Y. Performance evaluation of the semi-automated urine chemistry analyzer uc-1000. Sysmex Journal International 2017;27(1):1-10.

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 368 - 372, 30.06.2025

Murat Can , Berrak Guven , Ferhan Adıbelli , Emrah Altunsoy

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1583681

Abstract

References

  • Hitzeman N, Greer D, Carpio E. Office-based urinalysis: A comprehensive review. American Family Physician. 2022;106(1):27–35.
  • European Confederation of Laboratory Medicine. European urinalysis guidelines. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 2000;231:1-86.
  • Haq K, Patel DM. Urinalysis: Interpretation and clinical correlations. Medical Clinics North America. 2023;107(4):659–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2023.03.002.
  • Kavuru V, Vu T, Karageorge L, Choudhury D, Senger R, Robertson J. Dipstick analysis of urine chemistry: Benefits and limitations of dry chemistry-based assays. Postgrad Med. 2020;132(3):225-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2019.1679540
  • Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Urinalysis; approved guideline -third Edition. CLSI document GP16-A3. Wayne, PA, USA: CLSI, 2009.
  • Cohen J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas. 1960;20(1): 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2019.1587788
  • Rodgers M, Nixon J, Hempel S, Aho T, Kelly J, Neal D, Duffy S, Ritchie G, Kleijnen J, Westwood M. Diagnostic tests and algorithms used in the investigation of haematuria: Systematic reviews and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2006;10(18): 3-4. https://doi.org/ 10.3310/hta10180.
  • Brunzel NA. Fundamentals of Urine and Body Fluids Analysis. 4th ed. Elsevier, 2013.
  • Ko DH, Jeong TD, Kim S, Chung HJ, Lee W, Chun S, Min WK. Influence of vitamin C on urine dipstick test results. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2015;45(4):391–395. https://doi.org/0091-7370/15/0400-391.
  • Hashani DD, Fejza A, Ibrahimi B, Agahi R. Comparing dipstick tests with other urinalysis methods in Kosovo. Biochimica Clinica. 2021;45(4):375-380.
  • King SS, Schaub DLM. Urinalysis and Body Fluids 6th ed. F.A. Davis, 2014
  • Mahyar A, Ayazi P, Froozesh M, Daneshi-Kohan MM, Barikani A. Can urinary nitrite results be used to conduct antimicrobial option for urinary tract infection in children? Iran J Pediatr. 2012;22:237–240.
  • Kavurua V, Vub T, Karageorgec L, Choudhuryd D, Sengerb R and Robertsonce J. Dipstick analysis of urine chemistry: Benefits and limitations of dry chemistry-based assays Postgrad Med. 2020;132(3):225-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2019.1679540.
  • Clark WF, Macnab JJ, Sontrop JM, Jain AK, Moist L, Salvadori M, Suri R, Garg A. Dipstick proteinuria as a screening strategy to identify rapid renal decline. Journal of The American Society of Nephrology 2011;22(9):1729-1736. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2010111217.
  • White SL, Yu R, Craig JC, Polkinghorne KR, Atkins RC, Chadban SJ. Diagnostic accuracy of urine dipsticks for detection of albuminuria in the general community. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;58:19-28. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.12.026.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Screening for type 2 diabetes: report of a World Health Organization and International Diabetes Federation meeting Published [2003]. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/68614
  • Katulanda P, Hill NR, Stratton I, Sheriff R , Silva SDN, Matthews DR. Development and validation of a diabetes risk score for screening undiagnosed diabetes in Sri Lanka (SLDRISK). BMC Endocr Disord. 2016;16(42):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-016-0124-8
  • Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Hu G, Chen L. Evaluation of Finnish Diabetes Risk Score in screening undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes among U.S. adults by gender and race: NHANES 1999–2010. PLoS One 2014;22:(9):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097865
  • Arora S, Henderson SO, Long T, Menchine M. Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care testing for diabetic ketoacidosis at emergency-department triage: {beta}-hydroxybutyrate versus the urine dipstick. Diabetes Care 2011;34(4):852–854. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1844
  • Kipp ZA, Badmus O, Stec D, Hall B, Hinds TD. Bilirubin bioconversion to urobilin in the gut-liver-kidney axis: A biomarker for insulin resistance in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome. Metabolism 2025; 163:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156081
  • Wesarachkitti B, Khejonnit V, Pratumvinit B, Reesukumal K, Meepanya S, Pattanavin C, Wongkrajang P. Performance evaluation and comparison of the fully automated urinalysis analyzers UX-2000 and cobas 6500. Lab Med. 2016;47(2):124–133. https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/lmw002
  • Kwong T, Robinson C, Spencer D, Wiseman OJ, Karet Frankl FE. Accuracy of urine pH testing in a regional metabolic renal clinic: Is the dipstick accurate enough? Urolithiasis 2013;41(2):129-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-013-0546-y.
  • Fogazzi GB, Verdesca S, Garigali G. Urinalysis: Core curriculum 2008. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;51(6):1052–1067. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.11.039.
  • Tanaka Y, Matsumoto M, Yasuı M, Hokama R, Takehara H, Itose Y, Iınuma Y. Performance evaluation of the semi-automated urine chemistry analyzer uc-1000. Sysmex Journal International 2017;27(1):1-10.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Murat Can 0000-0002-1539-3973

Berrak Guven 0000-0003-4073-3164

Ferhan Adıbelli 0009-0003-3834-8395

Emrah Altunsoy 0000-0002-0444-8465

Early Pub Date June 27, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date November 12, 2024
Acceptance Date April 14, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Can, M., Guven, B., Adıbelli, F., Altunsoy, E. (2025). Performance evaluation of the semi-automated urine analyser DFI R-600S. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 15(2), 368-372. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1583681
AMA Can M, Guven B, Adıbelli F, Altunsoy E. Performance evaluation of the semi-automated urine analyser DFI R-600S. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. June 2025;15(2):368-372. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1583681
Chicago Can, Murat, Berrak Guven, Ferhan Adıbelli, and Emrah Altunsoy. “Performance Evaluation of the Semi-Automated Urine Analyser DFI R-600S”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 2025): 368-72. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1583681.
EndNote Can M, Guven B, Adıbelli F, Altunsoy E (June 1, 2025) Performance evaluation of the semi-automated urine analyser DFI R-600S. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 15 2 368–372.
IEEE M. Can, B. Guven, F. Adıbelli, and E. Altunsoy, “Performance evaluation of the semi-automated urine analyser DFI R-600S”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 368–372, 2025, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1583681.
ISNAD Can, Murat et al. “Performance Evaluation of the Semi-Automated Urine Analyser DFI R-600S”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 15/2 (June 2025), 368-372. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1583681.
JAMA Can M, Guven B, Adıbelli F, Altunsoy E. Performance evaluation of the semi-automated urine analyser DFI R-600S. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2025;15:368–372.
MLA Can, Murat et al. “Performance Evaluation of the Semi-Automated Urine Analyser DFI R-600S”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 15, no. 2, 2025, pp. 368-72, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1583681.
Vancouver Can M, Guven B, Adıbelli F, Altunsoy E. Performance evaluation of the semi-automated urine analyser DFI R-600S. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2025;15(2):368-72.
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