Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 392 - 398, 30.06.2025

Hatice Sağlam , Eren Girayhan Başeski

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1602573

Abstract

References

  • Cantatore G, Berutti E, Castellucci A. Missed anatomy: Frequency and clinical impact. Endod Top. 2006;15:3–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-1546.2009.00240.x
  • Ingle JI.A standardized endodontic technique utilizing newly designed instruments and filling materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1961;14:8391. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(61)90477-7.
  • Algarni YA, Almufarrij MJ, Almoshafi IA, Alhayaza HH, Alghamdi N, Baba SM. Morphological Variations of Mandibular First Premolar on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in a Saudi Arabian Sub-Population. Saudi Dent. J. 2021; 33:150–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.11.013. Epub 2019 Dec 16.
  • Alghamdi FT, Khalil WA. Root Canal Morphology and Symmetry of Mandibular Second Premolars using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. Oral Radiol. 2022;38: 126–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-021-00534-6. Epub 2021 May 8.
  • Slowey RR. Root canal anatomy: road map to successful endodontics. Dent Clin North Am 1979;23:555–573. PMID: 294389
  • Jeon KJ, Lee C, Choi YJ, Han SS. Anatomical analysis of mandibular posterior teeth for endodontic microsurgery: A cone- beam computed tomographic evaluation. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25:2391–2397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03562-4.
  • Ahmed HMA, Dummer HMP. Advantages and applications of a new system for classifying roots and canal systems in research and clinical practice. Eur. Endod. J. 2017;3:9–17. https://doi.org/10.5152/eej.2017.17064
  • Ok E, Altunsoy M, Nur BG, Aglarci OS, Çolak M, Güngör E. A cone-beam computed tomography study of root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a Turkish population. Acta Odontol. Scand. 2014;72:701–706. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2014.898091.
  • Martins JN, Marques D, Silva EJNL, Caramês J, Versiani MA. Prevalence studies on root canal anatomy using cone-beam computed tomographic ımaging: A systematic review. J. Endod. 2019; 45:372–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.016.
  • Olczak K, Pawlicka H, Szyman SW. Root form and canal anatomy of maxillary first premolars: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Odontology 2021;110: 365-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-021-00670-9.
  • Alfawaz H, Alqedairi A, Al-Dahman YH, Al-Jebaly AS, Alnassar FA, Alsubait S, Allahem Z. Evaluation of root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a saudi population using cone beam computed tomography: A retrospective study. Saudi Dent. J. 2019; 31:137–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.10.005.
  • Thanaruengrong P, Kulvitit S, Navachinda M, Charoenlarp P. Prevalence of complex root canal morphology in the mandibular first and second premolars in Thai Population: CBCT Analysis. Biomed Cent. Oral Health 2021; 21: 449. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01822-7.
  • Llena C, Fernandez J, Ortolani PS, Forner L. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of root and canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a Spanish Population. Imaging Sci. Dent. 2014; 44: 221–227. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2014.44.3.221
  • Kazemipoor M, Hajighasemi A, Hakimian R. Gender difference and root canal morphology in mandibular premolars: a cone-beam computed tomography study in an Iranian Population. Contemp. Clin. Dent. 2015;6: 401. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.161902.
  • Miyashita M. Root canal system of the mandibular incisor. J Endod 1997; 23(8): 479–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(97)80305-6.
  • Al-Qudah AA, Awawdeh LA. Root canal morphology of mandibular incisors in a Jordanian population. Int Endod J 2006; 39(11): 873–877. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01159.x.
  • Al-Dahman YH, Alqahtani S, Al-Mahdi AA, Al-Hawwas AY. Endodontic management of mandibular premolars with three root canals: Case series. Saudi Endodontic Journal. 2018;8(2):133. https://doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-875
  • Pedemonte E, Cabrera C, Torres A, Jacobs R, Harnish A, Ramirez V, Concha G, Briner A, Brizuela C. Root and canal morphology of mandibular premolars using cone-beam computed tomography in a chilean and belgian subpopulation: A cross-sectional study. Oral Radiol. 2018;34:143–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-017-0297-5.
  • Cohen S, Hargreaves KM. Pathways of the pulp.10th edition. St Louis, MO: Mosby-Year book Inc; 2011;p 153–170.
  • Scarfe WC, Levin DM, Gane D, Farman AG. Use of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics. Int J Dent. 2010 Mar 31;2009: (1687-8728) 634567. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/634567
  • Sousa TO, Hassan B, Mirmohammadi H, Shemesh H, Haiter-Neto F. Feasibility of cone-beam computed tomography in detecting lateral canals before and after Root Canal Treatment: An Ex vivo study. J Endod. 2017;43(6):1014–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.025.
  • Pires M, Martins NRJ, Pereira MR, Vosconcelos I, Costa RP, Duarte I, Ginjeira A. Diagnostic value of cone beam computed tomography for root canal morphology assessment - A micro-CT based comparison. Clin Oral Investig. 2024;28(3):201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05580-y.
  • Neelakantan P, Subbarao C, Subbarao CV. Comparative evaluation of modified canal staining and clearing technique, cone-beam computed tomography, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, spiral computed tomography, and plain and contrast medium-enhanced digital radiography in studying root canal morphology. J Endod. 2010;36(9):1547–1551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.05.008.
  • Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;58:589–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(84)90085-9.
  • Liena C, Fernanadez J, Ortolani PS, Leopoldo F. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of root and canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a Spanish population. Imagıng Sci Dent. 2014; 44(3): 221–227. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2014.44.3.221
  • Buerklein S, Heck R, Schafer E. Evaluation of the Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Premolars in a Selected German Population Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Data. J Endod 2017; 43(9):1448-1452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.044.
  • Peiris R, Takahashi M, Sasaki K, Kanazawa E. Root and canal morphology of permanent mandibular molars in a Sri-Lankan population. Odontology. 2007;95:16–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10266-007-0074-8.
  • Martins JNR, Ordinola-Zapata R, Marques D, Francisco H, Caramês J. Differences in root canal system configuration in human permanent teeth within different age groups. Int Endod J. 2018;51:931–941. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12896.
  • Abella F, Teixidó LM, Patel S, Sosa F, Duran-Sindreu F, Roig M. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of the root canal morphology of maxillary first and second premolars in a Spanish population. J Endod. 2015;41:1241–1247. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.joen.2015.03.026.
  • Acharya Nisha KD. Root morphology and tooth length of maxillary first premolar in Nepalese population. Dentistry. 2015;05:08. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.1000324.
  • Cheng Xiao L, Weng YL. Observation of the roots and root canals of 442 maxillary first premolars. Shanghai J Stomatol. 2008;17:525–528. PMID: 18989597
  • Varrela J. Root morphology of mandibular premolars in human 45,X females. Arch Oral Biol. 1990;35(2):109–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(90)90171-6.
  • Xu M, Ren H, Liu C, Zhao X, Li X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of root morphology and canal configuration of permanent premolars using cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health, 2024; 24:656 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04419-y
  • Omer OE, Al-Shalabi RM, Jennings M, Glennon J, Claffey NM. A comparison between clearing and radiographic techniques in the study of the root-canal anatomy of maxillary first and second molars. Int Endod J. 2004;37(5):291–296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0143-2885.2004.00731.x.
  • Nardi C, Molteni R, Lorini C, Taliani GG, Matteuzzi B, Mazzoni E, Colagrande S. Motion artefacts in cone beam CT: An in vitro study about the effects on the images. Br J Radiol 2016;89: 20150687. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20150687.
  • Schulze R, Heil U, Gross D, Bruellmann DD, Dranischnikow E, Schwaneke U, Schoemer E. Artefacts in CBCT: A review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011;40:265–273. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/30642039.

Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy and Morphology of Lower First Premolar Teeth in a Turkish Subpopulation: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 392 - 398, 30.06.2025

Hatice Sağlam , Eren Girayhan Başeski

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1602573

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anatomy and morphology of mandibular first premolar teeth in a Turkish subpopulation, based on common classification using cone beam computed tomography.
Methods: Five hundred and five teeth that met in inclusion criteria included the study. Teeths classified according to the Vertucci Classification. All evaluations were made by two endodontists for each tooth. After recording demographic data, the root canal configuration of the teeth, number of roots, number of canals, direction and level of canal branching were recorded and evaluated. The results were statistically analysed using chi square
Results: The most common morphology in both tooth group was Vertucci Type 1, while the second most common morphology was Vertucci Type 5.A significant difference was found between root number and gender (p<.05). Males were three times more likely to have two roots than females. No statistically significant difference was found between Vertucci classification and tooth location (right-left) and age group. Additionally, no statistically significant difference was found between tooth localization and canal number, root number, branching level and branching direction. (p>.05) According to the findings of the current study, a statistically significant difference was found between Vertucci classes and gender. (p<.05) However, no significant difference was shown between the number of roots and tooth location and age group. (p>.05)
Conclusion: Having information about the morphology of premolar teeth with variable anatomical variations will prevent possible complications and increase success. CBCT is complementary to clinical applications in fully determining anatomical variations in three dimensions.

Keywords

anatomy classification Cone Beam Computed Tomography morphology premolar

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Biruni University, Ethics Committee (Approval date: 22.12.2023; Number: 2023/85-15)

References

  • Cantatore G, Berutti E, Castellucci A. Missed anatomy: Frequency and clinical impact. Endod Top. 2006;15:3–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-1546.2009.00240.x
  • Ingle JI.A standardized endodontic technique utilizing newly designed instruments and filling materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1961;14:8391. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(61)90477-7.
  • Algarni YA, Almufarrij MJ, Almoshafi IA, Alhayaza HH, Alghamdi N, Baba SM. Morphological Variations of Mandibular First Premolar on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in a Saudi Arabian Sub-Population. Saudi Dent. J. 2021; 33:150–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.11.013. Epub 2019 Dec 16.
  • Alghamdi FT, Khalil WA. Root Canal Morphology and Symmetry of Mandibular Second Premolars using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. Oral Radiol. 2022;38: 126–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-021-00534-6. Epub 2021 May 8.
  • Slowey RR. Root canal anatomy: road map to successful endodontics. Dent Clin North Am 1979;23:555–573. PMID: 294389
  • Jeon KJ, Lee C, Choi YJ, Han SS. Anatomical analysis of mandibular posterior teeth for endodontic microsurgery: A cone- beam computed tomographic evaluation. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25:2391–2397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03562-4.
  • Ahmed HMA, Dummer HMP. Advantages and applications of a new system for classifying roots and canal systems in research and clinical practice. Eur. Endod. J. 2017;3:9–17. https://doi.org/10.5152/eej.2017.17064
  • Ok E, Altunsoy M, Nur BG, Aglarci OS, Çolak M, Güngör E. A cone-beam computed tomography study of root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a Turkish population. Acta Odontol. Scand. 2014;72:701–706. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2014.898091.
  • Martins JN, Marques D, Silva EJNL, Caramês J, Versiani MA. Prevalence studies on root canal anatomy using cone-beam computed tomographic ımaging: A systematic review. J. Endod. 2019; 45:372–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.016.
  • Olczak K, Pawlicka H, Szyman SW. Root form and canal anatomy of maxillary first premolars: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Odontology 2021;110: 365-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-021-00670-9.
  • Alfawaz H, Alqedairi A, Al-Dahman YH, Al-Jebaly AS, Alnassar FA, Alsubait S, Allahem Z. Evaluation of root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a saudi population using cone beam computed tomography: A retrospective study. Saudi Dent. J. 2019; 31:137–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.10.005.
  • Thanaruengrong P, Kulvitit S, Navachinda M, Charoenlarp P. Prevalence of complex root canal morphology in the mandibular first and second premolars in Thai Population: CBCT Analysis. Biomed Cent. Oral Health 2021; 21: 449. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01822-7.
  • Llena C, Fernandez J, Ortolani PS, Forner L. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of root and canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a Spanish Population. Imaging Sci. Dent. 2014; 44: 221–227. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2014.44.3.221
  • Kazemipoor M, Hajighasemi A, Hakimian R. Gender difference and root canal morphology in mandibular premolars: a cone-beam computed tomography study in an Iranian Population. Contemp. Clin. Dent. 2015;6: 401. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.161902.
  • Miyashita M. Root canal system of the mandibular incisor. J Endod 1997; 23(8): 479–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(97)80305-6.
  • Al-Qudah AA, Awawdeh LA. Root canal morphology of mandibular incisors in a Jordanian population. Int Endod J 2006; 39(11): 873–877. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01159.x.
  • Al-Dahman YH, Alqahtani S, Al-Mahdi AA, Al-Hawwas AY. Endodontic management of mandibular premolars with three root canals: Case series. Saudi Endodontic Journal. 2018;8(2):133. https://doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-875
  • Pedemonte E, Cabrera C, Torres A, Jacobs R, Harnish A, Ramirez V, Concha G, Briner A, Brizuela C. Root and canal morphology of mandibular premolars using cone-beam computed tomography in a chilean and belgian subpopulation: A cross-sectional study. Oral Radiol. 2018;34:143–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-017-0297-5.
  • Cohen S, Hargreaves KM. Pathways of the pulp.10th edition. St Louis, MO: Mosby-Year book Inc; 2011;p 153–170.
  • Scarfe WC, Levin DM, Gane D, Farman AG. Use of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics. Int J Dent. 2010 Mar 31;2009: (1687-8728) 634567. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/634567
  • Sousa TO, Hassan B, Mirmohammadi H, Shemesh H, Haiter-Neto F. Feasibility of cone-beam computed tomography in detecting lateral canals before and after Root Canal Treatment: An Ex vivo study. J Endod. 2017;43(6):1014–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.025.
  • Pires M, Martins NRJ, Pereira MR, Vosconcelos I, Costa RP, Duarte I, Ginjeira A. Diagnostic value of cone beam computed tomography for root canal morphology assessment - A micro-CT based comparison. Clin Oral Investig. 2024;28(3):201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05580-y.
  • Neelakantan P, Subbarao C, Subbarao CV. Comparative evaluation of modified canal staining and clearing technique, cone-beam computed tomography, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, spiral computed tomography, and plain and contrast medium-enhanced digital radiography in studying root canal morphology. J Endod. 2010;36(9):1547–1551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.05.008.
  • Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;58:589–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(84)90085-9.
  • Liena C, Fernanadez J, Ortolani PS, Leopoldo F. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of root and canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a Spanish population. Imagıng Sci Dent. 2014; 44(3): 221–227. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2014.44.3.221
  • Buerklein S, Heck R, Schafer E. Evaluation of the Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Premolars in a Selected German Population Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Data. J Endod 2017; 43(9):1448-1452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.044.
  • Peiris R, Takahashi M, Sasaki K, Kanazawa E. Root and canal morphology of permanent mandibular molars in a Sri-Lankan population. Odontology. 2007;95:16–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10266-007-0074-8.
  • Martins JNR, Ordinola-Zapata R, Marques D, Francisco H, Caramês J. Differences in root canal system configuration in human permanent teeth within different age groups. Int Endod J. 2018;51:931–941. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12896.
  • Abella F, Teixidó LM, Patel S, Sosa F, Duran-Sindreu F, Roig M. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of the root canal morphology of maxillary first and second premolars in a Spanish population. J Endod. 2015;41:1241–1247. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.joen.2015.03.026.
  • Acharya Nisha KD. Root morphology and tooth length of maxillary first premolar in Nepalese population. Dentistry. 2015;05:08. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.1000324.
  • Cheng Xiao L, Weng YL. Observation of the roots and root canals of 442 maxillary first premolars. Shanghai J Stomatol. 2008;17:525–528. PMID: 18989597
  • Varrela J. Root morphology of mandibular premolars in human 45,X females. Arch Oral Biol. 1990;35(2):109–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(90)90171-6.
  • Xu M, Ren H, Liu C, Zhao X, Li X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of root morphology and canal configuration of permanent premolars using cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health, 2024; 24:656 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04419-y
  • Omer OE, Al-Shalabi RM, Jennings M, Glennon J, Claffey NM. A comparison between clearing and radiographic techniques in the study of the root-canal anatomy of maxillary first and second molars. Int Endod J. 2004;37(5):291–296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0143-2885.2004.00731.x.
  • Nardi C, Molteni R, Lorini C, Taliani GG, Matteuzzi B, Mazzoni E, Colagrande S. Motion artefacts in cone beam CT: An in vitro study about the effects on the images. Br J Radiol 2016;89: 20150687. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20150687.
  • Schulze R, Heil U, Gross D, Bruellmann DD, Dranischnikow E, Schwaneke U, Schoemer E. Artefacts in CBCT: A review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011;40:265–273. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/30642039.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Endodontics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hatice Sağlam 0000-0002-8905-9345

Eren Girayhan Başeski 0009-0001-2679-7463

Early Pub Date June 27, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date December 16, 2024
Acceptance Date May 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sağlam, H., & Başeski, E. G. (2025). Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy and Morphology of Lower First Premolar Teeth in a Turkish Subpopulation: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 15(2), 392-398. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1602573
AMA Sağlam H, Başeski EG. Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy and Morphology of Lower First Premolar Teeth in a Turkish Subpopulation: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. June 2025;15(2):392-398. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1602573
Chicago Sağlam, Hatice, and Eren Girayhan Başeski. “Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy and Morphology of Lower First Premolar Teeth in a Turkish Subpopulation: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 2025): 392-98. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1602573.
EndNote Sağlam H, Başeski EG (June 1, 2025) Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy and Morphology of Lower First Premolar Teeth in a Turkish Subpopulation: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 15 2 392–398.
IEEE H. Sağlam and E. G. Başeski, “Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy and Morphology of Lower First Premolar Teeth in a Turkish Subpopulation: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 392–398, 2025, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1602573.
ISNAD Sağlam, Hatice - Başeski, Eren Girayhan. “Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy and Morphology of Lower First Premolar Teeth in a Turkish Subpopulation: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 15/2 (June 2025), 392-398. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1602573.
JAMA Sağlam H, Başeski EG. Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy and Morphology of Lower First Premolar Teeth in a Turkish Subpopulation: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2025;15:392–398.
MLA Sağlam, Hatice and Eren Girayhan Başeski. “Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy and Morphology of Lower First Premolar Teeth in a Turkish Subpopulation: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 15, no. 2, 2025, pp. 392-8, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1602573.
Vancouver Sağlam H, Başeski EG. Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy and Morphology of Lower First Premolar Teeth in a Turkish Subpopulation: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2025;15(2):392-8.
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