Research Article
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Atatürk Baraj Gölü’nde Toksikolojik Bir Araştırma: Balık Kanındaki Toksisite ve Stres Yanıtları

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 93 - 98

Özge Fırat , Özgür Fırat

https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1651481

Abstract

Çalışmanın yürütüldüğü Atatürk Baraj Gölü Türkiye’deki en büyük baraj olup Fırat Nehri üzerinde yer almakta ve içerdiği çok çeşitli ve besin bakımından değerli su ürünleri ve bazı endemik canlıları ile önemli bir tatlı su kaynağıdır. Bu barajda bulunan Cyprinus carpio ekonomik değeri olan ve yöre halkı tarafından birinci dereceden besin kaynağı olarak tüketilen dünyada en fazla yetiştiriciliği yapılan balık türlerinden biridir. Atatürk Baraj Gölü ne yazık ki birçok çevresel kirleticilerin etkisi altındadır. Sunulan bu çalışmada, baraj gölünün kirlilik yükü bakımından farklı bölgelerinden (Samsat, Sitilce ve Bozova) 2021 yılının Eylül ayında yakalanan C. carpio’nun hematolojik (lökosit, eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit) ve plazmanın biyokimyasal parametreleri [glukoz, kolesterol, kortizol, total protein, alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), laktat dehidrojenaz (LDH), alkalen fosfataz (ALP), potasyum, sodyum ve klor] araştırılmıştır. Eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, total protein ve kolesterol düzeylerinde Samsat ve Sitilce bölgeleri ile karşılaştırıldığında Bozova bölgesinde anlamlı azalışların olduğu belirlenmiştir (P<0,05). Bununla birlikte Samsat bölgesine göre Sitilce ve Bozova bölgesi balıklarının plazma glukoz, kortizol, ALT, AST, ALP, LDH ve potasyum düzeylerinde ise anlamlı artışlar belirlenmiştir (P<0,05). Çalışmamız Atatürk Baraj Gölü’nün hala tarımsal ve kentsel aktivitelerden kaynaklı kirleticilerin etkisi altında olduğunu ve baraj balıklarının bu kirlilikten olumsuz etkilendiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Tatlısu Cyprinus carpio kirlilik hematolojik indeksler plazma parametreleri

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of animal experiments. Legal research ethics committee approval permissions for the study were obtained from the Adıyaman University Experimental Animal Ethics Committee (Date: 24/12/2020, Decision No: 4, Protocol No: 2020/067).

Supporting Institution

Adıyaman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

KMYOMAP/2021-0001

Thanks

Adıyaman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Biriminin yöneticilerine ve çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Abdel-Latif, H.M.R., Dawood, M.A.O., Mahmoud, S.F., Shukry, M., Noreldin, A.E., Ghetas, H.A., & Khallaf, M.A. (2021). Copper oxide nanoparticles alter serum biochemical indices, induce histopathological alterations, and modulate transcription of cytokines, HSP70, and oxidative stress genes in Oreochromis niloticus. Animals, 11(3), 652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030652
  • Abdallah, S.M., Muhammed, R.E., Mohamed, R.E., Daous, H.E., Saleh, D.M., Ghorab, M.A., Chen, S., & Sayyad, G.S.E. (2024). Assessment of biochemical biomarkers and environmental stress indicators in some freshwater fish. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 46, 464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02226-6
  • Bavia, L., Silva, A.P., Carneiro, M.C., Kmecick, M., Pozzan, R., Esquivel-Muelbert, J., Isaac, L., & Prodocimo, M.M. (2024). Health status biomarkers and hemato-biochemical indices in Nile tilapia. Comparative Immunology Reports, 7, 200168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirep.2024.200168
  • Bayhan, Y.K. (2021). The fish fauna of the Atatürk Dam Lake (Adıyaman/Turkey). Natural and Engineering Sciences, 6, 237-255 https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1036854
  • Canli, E.G., Dogan, A., & Canli, M. (2018). Serum biomarker levels alter following nanoparticle (Al2O3, CuO, TiO2) exposures in freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 62, 181-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.009
  • Dewali, S., Sharma, N.P., Rawat, G., Melkani, D.C., Miglani, R., Pathak, V.M., Kathayat, N., Panda, A.K., & Bisht, S.S. (2024). Chapter 5-Fish blood serum as a biomarker of water pollution. In: Mishra, R., Madhav, S., Dhaka, R.K., & Garg, P (Eds) Biomarkers in environmental and human health biomonitoring. Academic Press, San Diego, 81-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-13860-7.00014-8
  • El-Gaar, D.M., Abdelaziz, G.S., Abbas, M.M.M., Anees, F.R., Genina, M.E., Ghannam, H.E., & Talab, A.S. (2022). Biochemical alterations of Nile tilapia fish in El-Manzala Lake as an indicator of pollution impacts. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 26(3), 711–723. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2022.246093
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • Fırat. O., & Alıcı, M.F. (2012). Assessment of pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Adıyaman, Turkey) using several biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 89, 474-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0728-2
  • Fırat, Ö., Erol, R., & Fırat, Ö. (2022a). Effects of individual and co-exposure of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper sulphate on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: Nanoparticles enhance pesticide biochemical toxicity. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 69, 81-90. https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2021.6995
  • Fırat, Ö., Erol, R., & Fırat, Ö. (2022b). An investigation on freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758): Assessing hemotoxic effects of different copper compounds used as nanomaterial or pesticide. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 108, 549-554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03320-6
  • Fırat, Ö., & Kılınç, Ü. (2022). Assessment of lead, cadmium, chrome, iron, zinc and copper levels in tissues of Cyprinus carpio from Atatürk Dam Lake (Adıyaman). Commagene Journal of Biology, 6(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1079557
  • Fırat, Ö., & Tutus, R. (2020). Comparative acute toxicity assessment of organophosphate and avermectin insecticides on a freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 105, 582-587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02990-y
  • Firat, O. (2016). Evaluation of metal concentrations in fish species from Ataturk Dam Lake (Adiyaman, Turkey) in relation to human health. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25, 3629-3634.
  • Harabawy, A.S.A., & Ibrahim, A.T.A. (2014). Sublethal toxicity of carbofuran pesticide on the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822): Hematological, biochemical and cytogenetic response. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 103, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.022
  • Karadag, H., Fırat, Ö., & Fırat, Ö. (2014). Use of oxidative stress biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio L. for the evaluation of water pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Adiyaman, Turkey). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 92, 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1187-0
  • Lemos, L.S., Angarica, L.M., Hauser-Davis, R.A., & Quinete, N. (2023). Cortisol as a stress indicator in fish: Sampling methods, analytical techniques, and organic pollutant exposure assessments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20, 6237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136237
  • Maftuch, E.S., Asmara, S.D., Haromain, A.F., Nurcholis, A., & Wijanarko, E. (2020). Hematological analysis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using hematology analyzer tools and manual at fish seed center, Pasuruan, East Java. Earth and Environmental Science, 493, 12011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/493/1/012011
  • Pramanik, S., & Biswas, J.K. (2024). Histopathological fingerprints and biochemical changes as multi-stress biomarkers in fish confronting concurrent pollution and parasitization. iScience, 27, 111432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.111432
  • Seo, Y.S., Lee, H.B., Jeong, J.H., Mun, S.J., & Lim, H.K. (2023). Change in plasma cortisol and glucose levels of Oncorhynchus keta according to water temperature. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 26(2), 117-132. https://doi.org/10.47853/FAS.2023.e10
  • Uçkun, A.A. (2017). Ecotoxicological evaluation of pesticide pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Euphrates River), Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17(2), 313-321. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v17-2-10
  • Uçkun, A.A., Yologlu, E., & Uçkun, M. (2017). Seasonal monitoring of metals in water, sediment and mussel (Unio mancus) from Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates River). Van Veterinary Journal, 28(2), 75-83.
  • Zutshi, B., Raghu Prasad, S.G., & Nagaraja, R. (2010). Alteration in hematology of Labeo rohita under stress of pollution from Lakes of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 168, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1087-2

A Toxicological Research in Atatürk Dam Lake: Toxicity and Stress Responses in Fish Blood

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 93 - 98

Özge Fırat , Özgür Fırat

https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1651481

Abstract

Atatürk Dam Lake, where the study was conducted, the largest dam in Turkey, is located on the Euphrates River and it is an important freshwater resource with its diverse and nutritionally valuable aquatic products and some endemic organisms. Cyprinus carpio found in this dam is one of the most cultivated fish species in the world that has economic value and is consumed as a primary food source by the local people. This dam lake is unfortunately under the influence of many environmental pollutants. In the present study, parameters of hematological (leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and plasma biochemical [glucose, cholesterol, cortisol, total protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), potassium, sodium, and chloride] of C. carpio that was caught from different regions (Samsat, Sitilce, and Bozova) in terms of pollution load of Atatürk Dam Lake in September in 2021 were investigated. Significant decreases were observed in erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, and cholesterol levels in Bozova region compared to Samsat and Sitilce regions (P<0.05). However, significant increases were determined in plasma glucose, cortisol, ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and potassium levels of fish in Sitilce and Bozova regions compared to Samsat region (P<0.05). Our study shows Atatürk Dam Lake is still under the influence of pollutants originating from agricultural and urban activities and the fishes in the dam lake are negatively affected by this pollution.

Keywords

Freshwater Cyprinus carpio pollution hematological indices plasma parameters

Ethical Statement

Çalışma için yasal araştırma etik kurul onay izinleri Adıyaman Üniversitesi Deney Hayvanları Etik Kurulu'ndan alınmıştır (Tarih: 24/12/2020, Karar No:4, Protokol No: 2020/067).

Supporting Institution

Adıyaman University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Project Number

KMYOMAP/2021-0001

References

  • Abdel-Latif, H.M.R., Dawood, M.A.O., Mahmoud, S.F., Shukry, M., Noreldin, A.E., Ghetas, H.A., & Khallaf, M.A. (2021). Copper oxide nanoparticles alter serum biochemical indices, induce histopathological alterations, and modulate transcription of cytokines, HSP70, and oxidative stress genes in Oreochromis niloticus. Animals, 11(3), 652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030652
  • Abdallah, S.M., Muhammed, R.E., Mohamed, R.E., Daous, H.E., Saleh, D.M., Ghorab, M.A., Chen, S., & Sayyad, G.S.E. (2024). Assessment of biochemical biomarkers and environmental stress indicators in some freshwater fish. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 46, 464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02226-6
  • Bavia, L., Silva, A.P., Carneiro, M.C., Kmecick, M., Pozzan, R., Esquivel-Muelbert, J., Isaac, L., & Prodocimo, M.M. (2024). Health status biomarkers and hemato-biochemical indices in Nile tilapia. Comparative Immunology Reports, 7, 200168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirep.2024.200168
  • Bayhan, Y.K. (2021). The fish fauna of the Atatürk Dam Lake (Adıyaman/Turkey). Natural and Engineering Sciences, 6, 237-255 https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1036854
  • Canli, E.G., Dogan, A., & Canli, M. (2018). Serum biomarker levels alter following nanoparticle (Al2O3, CuO, TiO2) exposures in freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 62, 181-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.009
  • Dewali, S., Sharma, N.P., Rawat, G., Melkani, D.C., Miglani, R., Pathak, V.M., Kathayat, N., Panda, A.K., & Bisht, S.S. (2024). Chapter 5-Fish blood serum as a biomarker of water pollution. In: Mishra, R., Madhav, S., Dhaka, R.K., & Garg, P (Eds) Biomarkers in environmental and human health biomonitoring. Academic Press, San Diego, 81-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-13860-7.00014-8
  • El-Gaar, D.M., Abdelaziz, G.S., Abbas, M.M.M., Anees, F.R., Genina, M.E., Ghannam, H.E., & Talab, A.S. (2022). Biochemical alterations of Nile tilapia fish in El-Manzala Lake as an indicator of pollution impacts. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 26(3), 711–723. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2022.246093
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  • Fırat. O., & Alıcı, M.F. (2012). Assessment of pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Adıyaman, Turkey) using several biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 89, 474-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0728-2
  • Fırat, Ö., Erol, R., & Fırat, Ö. (2022a). Effects of individual and co-exposure of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper sulphate on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: Nanoparticles enhance pesticide biochemical toxicity. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 69, 81-90. https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2021.6995
  • Fırat, Ö., Erol, R., & Fırat, Ö. (2022b). An investigation on freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758): Assessing hemotoxic effects of different copper compounds used as nanomaterial or pesticide. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 108, 549-554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03320-6
  • Fırat, Ö., & Kılınç, Ü. (2022). Assessment of lead, cadmium, chrome, iron, zinc and copper levels in tissues of Cyprinus carpio from Atatürk Dam Lake (Adıyaman). Commagene Journal of Biology, 6(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1079557
  • Fırat, Ö., & Tutus, R. (2020). Comparative acute toxicity assessment of organophosphate and avermectin insecticides on a freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 105, 582-587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02990-y
  • Firat, O. (2016). Evaluation of metal concentrations in fish species from Ataturk Dam Lake (Adiyaman, Turkey) in relation to human health. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25, 3629-3634.
  • Harabawy, A.S.A., & Ibrahim, A.T.A. (2014). Sublethal toxicity of carbofuran pesticide on the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822): Hematological, biochemical and cytogenetic response. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 103, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.022
  • Karadag, H., Fırat, Ö., & Fırat, Ö. (2014). Use of oxidative stress biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio L. for the evaluation of water pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Adiyaman, Turkey). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 92, 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1187-0
  • Lemos, L.S., Angarica, L.M., Hauser-Davis, R.A., & Quinete, N. (2023). Cortisol as a stress indicator in fish: Sampling methods, analytical techniques, and organic pollutant exposure assessments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20, 6237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136237
  • Maftuch, E.S., Asmara, S.D., Haromain, A.F., Nurcholis, A., & Wijanarko, E. (2020). Hematological analysis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using hematology analyzer tools and manual at fish seed center, Pasuruan, East Java. Earth and Environmental Science, 493, 12011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/493/1/012011
  • Pramanik, S., & Biswas, J.K. (2024). Histopathological fingerprints and biochemical changes as multi-stress biomarkers in fish confronting concurrent pollution and parasitization. iScience, 27, 111432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.111432
  • Seo, Y.S., Lee, H.B., Jeong, J.H., Mun, S.J., & Lim, H.K. (2023). Change in plasma cortisol and glucose levels of Oncorhynchus keta according to water temperature. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 26(2), 117-132. https://doi.org/10.47853/FAS.2023.e10
  • Uçkun, A.A. (2017). Ecotoxicological evaluation of pesticide pollution in Ataturk Dam Lake (Euphrates River), Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17(2), 313-321. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v17-2-10
  • Uçkun, A.A., Yologlu, E., & Uçkun, M. (2017). Seasonal monitoring of metals in water, sediment and mussel (Unio mancus) from Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates River). Van Veterinary Journal, 28(2), 75-83.
  • Zutshi, B., Raghu Prasad, S.G., & Nagaraja, R. (2010). Alteration in hematology of Labeo rohita under stress of pollution from Lakes of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 168, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1087-2
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Animal Physiology-Ecophysiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Özge Fırat 0000-0001-9010-955X

Özgür Fırat 0000-0002-9683-8945

Project Number KMYOMAP/2021-0001
Early Pub Date June 6, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date March 4, 2025
Acceptance Date May 6, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Fırat, Ö., & Fırat, Ö. (2025). A Toxicological Research in Atatürk Dam Lake: Toxicity and Stress Responses in Fish Blood. Commagene Journal of Biology, 9(1), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1651481

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