Research Article
Assessment of Plant Contributions to Air Quality within the Ecosystem Services Framework: The Case of Halk Bahçesi in Çanakkale, Türkiye
Abstract
Urban open green spaces are essential components that provide opportunities to mitigate negative impacts on quality of life. These areas deliver vital ecosystem services such as pollutant removal, cooling, reduction of the heat island effect, and carbon storage. Çanakkale faces air quality challenges due to thermal power plants in Çan and Biga, with additional plants planned. Halk Bahçesi, a historic park in Çanakkale’s city center, was selected as the study area. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of urban plant species to air quality through ecosystem services and analyze differences among species. To assess the structural characteristics of plants and their environmental functions, climate and pollution data were used, employing the i-Tree Eco model developed in the USA. According to the findings, Ulmus minor, Laurus nobilis, Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus brutia, and Acer negundo were identified as the species that most significantly contributed to air quality. These results provide insights into the current situation and recommend more suitable plant species for improving air quality in Çanakkale and similar regions. This research establishes a valuable database for future plant selection in urban green spaces.
References
- Albayrak, İ., 2012. Ekosistem servislerine dayalı havza yönetim modelinin İstanbul - Ömerli havzası örneğinde uygulanabilirliği. PhD Thesis, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
- Alcamo, J., Bennett, E.M., 2004. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: a Framework for Assessment. Island Press: Washington, DC, USA.
- Allen, S.H., 1999. Finding walls of Troy: Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlık. Australasian Victorian Studies Journal 5: 191-193.
- Alpan, K., Sekeroglu, B., 2020. Tree inventory registration system, in: International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives. International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, pp. 29-32.
- Anonymous, 2016. Seed Consulting Services. Tree ecosystem services assessment, Ridge Park. A report prepared for the City of Unley, South Australia. https://www.itreetools.org/documents/342/RidgePark_Unley_AU_618_EcoReport_Final18May2016.pdf , (10.05.2022).
- Anonymous, 2020. Data from the world health organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1, (12.06.2022).
- Aslan, R., 2012. Çanakkale Kent Tarihi ve Halk Bahçesi. ÇOMÜ Haber. https://www.comuhaber.com/2012/06/08/canakkale-kent-tarihi-ve-halk-bahcesi-2/ , (7.10.2021.).
- Avcıoğlu Çokçalışkan, B., 2016. Korunan alan planlamasında ekosistem hizmetleri. PhD Thesis, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Banzhaf, E., de la Barrera, F., Reyes-Paecke, S., 2019. Urban green infrastructure in support of ecosystem services in a highly Dynamic South American City: A multi-scale assessment of Santiago de Chile, in: Atlas of Ecosystem Services. Springer International Publishing, pp. 157-165. Baytop, A., 2011. Anadolu’dan bitki örnekleri toplamış olan arkeolog, antropolog ve diplomatlar. Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları. 13 (1): 81-100.
- Benedict, M.A., McMahon, Edward., 2006. Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities. Island Press,Washington D.C. Çanakkale Kent Museum, 2019. Çanakkale Kent Müzesi ve Arşivi. https://canakkalekentmuzesi.blogspot.com/2019/01/26-aralk-2018-eski-kent fotograflar.html , (12.10.2021).
- Chavan, B. L., Rasal, G. B., 2011. Potentiality of carbon sequestration in six-year ages young plant from university campus of Aurangabad. Global Journal of Research in Engineering. 11 (7-C).
- Chiesura, A., 2004. The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape Urban Plan 68: 129-138.
- Coşkun Hepcan, C., 2019. Evaluation of the ecosystem services potential of an urban green space in the context of climate change: The case of Aşık Veysel Recreation Area, İzmir, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 28(7): 5391–5399
- Coşkun Hepcan, C., 2019. Kentlerde iklim değişikliği ile mücadele için yeşil altyapı çözümleri. İklim değişikliği eğitim modülleri serisi, iklim değişikliği alanında ortak çabaların desteklenmesi projesi (İklimIN), Ankara.
- Coşkun Hepcan, Ç., Hepcan, Ş., 2017. Ege Üniversitesi Lojmanlar Yerleşkesinin hava kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine yönelik düzenleyici ekosistem servislerinin hesaplanması. İzmir. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 54 (1):113-120.
- Costanza, R., d’Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O’Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R.G., Sutton, P., van den Belt, M., 1998. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Ecological Economics. 25: 3-15.
- Dunnett, N., Swanwick, C., Woolley, H., 2002. Improving urban parks, play areas and green spaces: May 2002. Dept. for Transport, Local Government and the Regions.
- Engin, F., 2022. Ekosistem servisleri çerçevesinde kentsel açık- yeşil alanların hava kalitesine etkilerinin belirlenmesi; Çanakkale Örneği. Master Thesis. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale.
- Engin, F., Kaptan Ayhan, Ç., 2021. Düzenleyici ekosistem servisleri açısından parkların hava kalitesine etkisinin saptanması; Çanakkale Halk Bahçesi Örneği. 2. International City and Ecology Congress-CEDESU 2021, December 2-3, 2021, Trabzon.
- Erbesler Ayasligil, T., 2019. The woody plants and landscape values of the historical public garden of in and the town of Çanakkale. Megaron 14:3. Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal. https://doi.org/10.14744/megaron.2019.47715
- Erduran, F., Kabaş, S., 2010. Parklarda ekolojik koşullarla dengeli, işlevsel ve estetik bitkilendirme ilkelerinin Çanakkale Halk Bahçesi Örneğinde İrdelenmesi. Çanakkale. Ekoloji. 19(74): 190-199.
- Geneletti, D., Cortinovis, C., Zardo, L., Esmail, B.A., 2020. Planning for Ecosystem Services in Cities, Springer Briefs in Environmental Science. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20024-4
- Gill, S.E., Handley, J.F., Ennos, A.R., Pauleit, S., 2007. Adapting cities for climate change: The role of the green infrastructure. Built Environment. 33: 115-133.
- Gülçin, D., Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch, C.C., 2021. Assessment of above-ground carbon storage by urban trees using lidar data: The case of a university campus. Forests. 12: 1-20.
- Hauer, R.J., Peterson, W.D., 2017. Tree Inventory Systems and Use in The United States. Urban Tree Growth & Longevity Newsletter, January 2017.
- Hewitt, C.N., Ashworth, K., MacKenzie, A.R., 2020. Using green infrastructure to improve urban air quality (GI4AQ). Ambio. 49: 62-73
- Huy, B.,2013. Participatory carbon monitoring: manual for local technical staff. Measuring DBH tree pp.31 Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317380319 i-Tree Eco, 2021. i-Tree Eco v6 Overview. https://www.itreetools.org/tools/i-tree-eco , (15.09. 2021).
- Kalfa, Ş.M., 2020. Çanakkale’de Geçmişin Ayak Sesleri. Paradigma Akademi Yayınları.
- Kaplan, D. 2009. Çanakkale Arkeoloji Müzesi Frank Calvert Koleksiyonu Terrakotta Figürinleri. PhD Thesis, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Loures, L., Santos, R., Panagopoulos, T., 2007. Urban Parks and Sustainable City Planning-The Case of Portimão, Portugal.Population. 15(10): 171-180
- Meilby, H., Puri, L., 2007. Features and allometric relationships characterising trees on farmland–an example from Chainpur VDC, Chitwan. Banko Janakari. 17 (2): 18-26.
- Menteşe, S., Mirici, N. A., Elbir, T., Tuygun, G. T., Bakar, C., Otkun, M. T., Oymak, S., 2020. A comprehensive assessment of ambient air quality in Çanakkale city: Emission inventory, air quality monitoring, source apportionment, and respiratory health indicators. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 11(12): 2282–2296.
- Mooney, H., Larigauderie, A., Cesario, M., Elmquist, T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Lavorel, S., Mace, G.M., Palmer, M., Scholes, R., Yahara, T., 2009. Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Current opinion in environmental sustainability. 1(1): 46-54.
- Morani, A., Nowak, D.J., Hirabayashi, S., Calfapietra, C., 2011. How to select the best tree planting locations to enhance air pollution removal in the MillionTreesNYC initiative. Environ. Pollut. 159: 1040-1047.
- Novák, V., 2021. Ecosystems and global changes. Acta Hortic. Regiotecturae. 24: 70-79. Nowak, D., Heisler, G., 2010. Air quality effects of urban trees and parks. Natl. Recreat. Parks Assoc. Res. Ser. Monogr. 1-44.
- Nowak, D.J., Crane, D.E., Stevens, J.C., 2006. Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban For. Urban Green. 4: 115-123.
- Nowak, D.J., Hoehn, R., Crane, D.E., 2007. Oxygen production by urban trees in the United States. Arboric. Urban For. 33: 220-226.
- Onder, S., Dursun, S., 2010. Global climate changes and effects on urban climate of urban green spaces. Int. J. Therm. Environ. Eng. 3: 37-41.
- Özdede, S., Hazar Kalonya, D., Aygün, A., 2021. Pandemi sonrası dönemde kişi başına düşen kentsel yeşil alan ihtiyacını yeniden düşünmek. İdealkent,Covid 19 Özel Sayısı. 12: 362-388.
- Özdemi̇r, H., 2013. Investigation of The Impact of Urbanization On Climate And Air Quality: A Case Study Over Turkey. İstanbul.PhD Thesis,Marmara University, Istanbul.
- Pace, R., Biber, P., Pretzsch, H., Grote, R., 2018. Modeling ecosystem services for park trees: sensitivity of i-tree eco simulations to light exposure and tree species classification. Forests. 9: 89.
- Riondato, E., Pilla, F., Sarkar Basu, A., Basu, B., 2020. Investigating the effect of trees on urban quality in Dublin by combining air monitoring with i-Tree Eco model. Sustain. Cities Soc. 61.
- Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W.D., Hammer, S.A., Mehrotra, S., 2011. Climate Change and Cities: First Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network. Cambridge University Press.
- Salisbury, F.B., Ross, C.W., 1978. The photosynthesis-transpiration compromise. Plant Physiol. 4: 66-92.
- Speak, A.F., Montagnani, L., Solly, H., Wellstein, C., Zerbe, S., 2022. The impact of different tree planting strategies on ecosystem services and disservices in the piazzas of a northern Italian city. Urban Ecosyst. 25:355-366.
- Sturiale, L., Scuderi, A., 2019. The role of green infrastructures in urban planning for climate change adaptation. Climate 7(10):119.
- Votsis, A., 2017. Planning for green infrastructure: the spatial effects of parks, forests, and fields on Helsinki’s apartment prices. Ecol. Econ. 132: 279-289.
Ekosistem Hizmetleri Çerçevesinde Bitkilerin Hava Kalitesine Katkılarının Değerlendirilmesi: Halk Bahçesi (Çanakkale, Türkiye)
Abstract
Kentsel açık yeşil alanlar, yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri azaltmak için fırsatlar sağlayan temel bileşenlerdir. Bu alanlar, kirleticilerin giderilmesi, soğutma, ısı adası etkisinin azaltılması ve karbon depolama gibi hayati ekosistem hizmetleri sunar. Çanakkale, Çan ve Biga'daki termik santraller nedeniyle hava kalitesi zorluklarıyla karşı karşıyadır ve ek santraller planlanmaktadır. Çanakkale şehir merkezinde bulunan tarihi bir park olan Halk Bahçesi, çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Bu çalışma, ekosistem hizmetleri aracılığıyla kentsel bitki türlerinin hava kalitesine katkısını değerlendirmeyi ve türler arasındaki farklılıkları analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bitkilerin yapısal özelliklerini ve çevresel işlevlerini değerlendirmek için, ABD'de geliştirilen i-Tree Eco modeli yle iklim ve kirlilik verileri kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre, Ulmus minor, Laurus nobilis, Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus brutia ve Acer negundo hava kalitesine en önemli katkıda bulunan türler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, mevcut durum hakkında fikir vermekte ve Çanakkale ve benzer bölgelerde hava kalitesini iyileştirmek için daha uygun bitki türleri önermektedir. Bu araştırma, kentsel yeşil alanlarda gelecekteki bitki seçimi için değerli bir veri tabanı oluşturmaktadır.
Keywords
Hava kalitesi, Ekosistem servisleri, İ-Tree Eco, Kentsel yeşil alanlar, Halk Bahçesi, Çanakkale
References
- Albayrak, İ., 2012. Ekosistem servislerine dayalı havza yönetim modelinin İstanbul - Ömerli havzası örneğinde uygulanabilirliği. PhD Thesis, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
- Alcamo, J., Bennett, E.M., 2004. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: a Framework for Assessment. Island Press: Washington, DC, USA.
- Allen, S.H., 1999. Finding walls of Troy: Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlık. Australasian Victorian Studies Journal 5: 191-193.
- Alpan, K., Sekeroglu, B., 2020. Tree inventory registration system, in: International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives. International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, pp. 29-32.
- Anonymous, 2016. Seed Consulting Services. Tree ecosystem services assessment, Ridge Park. A report prepared for the City of Unley, South Australia. https://www.itreetools.org/documents/342/RidgePark_Unley_AU_618_EcoReport_Final18May2016.pdf , (10.05.2022).
- Anonymous, 2020. Data from the world health organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1, (12.06.2022).
- Aslan, R., 2012. Çanakkale Kent Tarihi ve Halk Bahçesi. ÇOMÜ Haber. https://www.comuhaber.com/2012/06/08/canakkale-kent-tarihi-ve-halk-bahcesi-2/ , (7.10.2021.).
- Avcıoğlu Çokçalışkan, B., 2016. Korunan alan planlamasında ekosistem hizmetleri. PhD Thesis, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Banzhaf, E., de la Barrera, F., Reyes-Paecke, S., 2019. Urban green infrastructure in support of ecosystem services in a highly Dynamic South American City: A multi-scale assessment of Santiago de Chile, in: Atlas of Ecosystem Services. Springer International Publishing, pp. 157-165. Baytop, A., 2011. Anadolu’dan bitki örnekleri toplamış olan arkeolog, antropolog ve diplomatlar. Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları. 13 (1): 81-100.
- Benedict, M.A., McMahon, Edward., 2006. Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities. Island Press,Washington D.C. Çanakkale Kent Museum, 2019. Çanakkale Kent Müzesi ve Arşivi. https://canakkalekentmuzesi.blogspot.com/2019/01/26-aralk-2018-eski-kent fotograflar.html , (12.10.2021).
- Chavan, B. L., Rasal, G. B., 2011. Potentiality of carbon sequestration in six-year ages young plant from university campus of Aurangabad. Global Journal of Research in Engineering. 11 (7-C).
- Chiesura, A., 2004. The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape Urban Plan 68: 129-138.
- Coşkun Hepcan, C., 2019. Evaluation of the ecosystem services potential of an urban green space in the context of climate change: The case of Aşık Veysel Recreation Area, İzmir, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 28(7): 5391–5399
- Coşkun Hepcan, C., 2019. Kentlerde iklim değişikliği ile mücadele için yeşil altyapı çözümleri. İklim değişikliği eğitim modülleri serisi, iklim değişikliği alanında ortak çabaların desteklenmesi projesi (İklimIN), Ankara.
- Coşkun Hepcan, Ç., Hepcan, Ş., 2017. Ege Üniversitesi Lojmanlar Yerleşkesinin hava kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine yönelik düzenleyici ekosistem servislerinin hesaplanması. İzmir. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 54 (1):113-120.
- Costanza, R., d’Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O’Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R.G., Sutton, P., van den Belt, M., 1998. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Ecological Economics. 25: 3-15.
- Dunnett, N., Swanwick, C., Woolley, H., 2002. Improving urban parks, play areas and green spaces: May 2002. Dept. for Transport, Local Government and the Regions.
- Engin, F., 2022. Ekosistem servisleri çerçevesinde kentsel açık- yeşil alanların hava kalitesine etkilerinin belirlenmesi; Çanakkale Örneği. Master Thesis. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale.
- Engin, F., Kaptan Ayhan, Ç., 2021. Düzenleyici ekosistem servisleri açısından parkların hava kalitesine etkisinin saptanması; Çanakkale Halk Bahçesi Örneği. 2. International City and Ecology Congress-CEDESU 2021, December 2-3, 2021, Trabzon.
- Erbesler Ayasligil, T., 2019. The woody plants and landscape values of the historical public garden of in and the town of Çanakkale. Megaron 14:3. Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal. https://doi.org/10.14744/megaron.2019.47715
- Erduran, F., Kabaş, S., 2010. Parklarda ekolojik koşullarla dengeli, işlevsel ve estetik bitkilendirme ilkelerinin Çanakkale Halk Bahçesi Örneğinde İrdelenmesi. Çanakkale. Ekoloji. 19(74): 190-199.
- Geneletti, D., Cortinovis, C., Zardo, L., Esmail, B.A., 2020. Planning for Ecosystem Services in Cities, Springer Briefs in Environmental Science. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20024-4
- Gill, S.E., Handley, J.F., Ennos, A.R., Pauleit, S., 2007. Adapting cities for climate change: The role of the green infrastructure. Built Environment. 33: 115-133.
- Gülçin, D., Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch, C.C., 2021. Assessment of above-ground carbon storage by urban trees using lidar data: The case of a university campus. Forests. 12: 1-20.
- Hauer, R.J., Peterson, W.D., 2017. Tree Inventory Systems and Use in The United States. Urban Tree Growth & Longevity Newsletter, January 2017.
- Hewitt, C.N., Ashworth, K., MacKenzie, A.R., 2020. Using green infrastructure to improve urban air quality (GI4AQ). Ambio. 49: 62-73
- Huy, B.,2013. Participatory carbon monitoring: manual for local technical staff. Measuring DBH tree pp.31 Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317380319 i-Tree Eco, 2021. i-Tree Eco v6 Overview. https://www.itreetools.org/tools/i-tree-eco , (15.09. 2021).
- Kalfa, Ş.M., 2020. Çanakkale’de Geçmişin Ayak Sesleri. Paradigma Akademi Yayınları.
- Kaplan, D. 2009. Çanakkale Arkeoloji Müzesi Frank Calvert Koleksiyonu Terrakotta Figürinleri. PhD Thesis, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Loures, L., Santos, R., Panagopoulos, T., 2007. Urban Parks and Sustainable City Planning-The Case of Portimão, Portugal.Population. 15(10): 171-180
- Meilby, H., Puri, L., 2007. Features and allometric relationships characterising trees on farmland–an example from Chainpur VDC, Chitwan. Banko Janakari. 17 (2): 18-26.
- Menteşe, S., Mirici, N. A., Elbir, T., Tuygun, G. T., Bakar, C., Otkun, M. T., Oymak, S., 2020. A comprehensive assessment of ambient air quality in Çanakkale city: Emission inventory, air quality monitoring, source apportionment, and respiratory health indicators. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 11(12): 2282–2296.
- Mooney, H., Larigauderie, A., Cesario, M., Elmquist, T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Lavorel, S., Mace, G.M., Palmer, M., Scholes, R., Yahara, T., 2009. Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Current opinion in environmental sustainability. 1(1): 46-54.
- Morani, A., Nowak, D.J., Hirabayashi, S., Calfapietra, C., 2011. How to select the best tree planting locations to enhance air pollution removal in the MillionTreesNYC initiative. Environ. Pollut. 159: 1040-1047.
- Novák, V., 2021. Ecosystems and global changes. Acta Hortic. Regiotecturae. 24: 70-79. Nowak, D., Heisler, G., 2010. Air quality effects of urban trees and parks. Natl. Recreat. Parks Assoc. Res. Ser. Monogr. 1-44.
- Nowak, D.J., Crane, D.E., Stevens, J.C., 2006. Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban For. Urban Green. 4: 115-123.
- Nowak, D.J., Hoehn, R., Crane, D.E., 2007. Oxygen production by urban trees in the United States. Arboric. Urban For. 33: 220-226.
- Onder, S., Dursun, S., 2010. Global climate changes and effects on urban climate of urban green spaces. Int. J. Therm. Environ. Eng. 3: 37-41.
- Özdede, S., Hazar Kalonya, D., Aygün, A., 2021. Pandemi sonrası dönemde kişi başına düşen kentsel yeşil alan ihtiyacını yeniden düşünmek. İdealkent,Covid 19 Özel Sayısı. 12: 362-388.
- Özdemi̇r, H., 2013. Investigation of The Impact of Urbanization On Climate And Air Quality: A Case Study Over Turkey. İstanbul.PhD Thesis,Marmara University, Istanbul.
- Pace, R., Biber, P., Pretzsch, H., Grote, R., 2018. Modeling ecosystem services for park trees: sensitivity of i-tree eco simulations to light exposure and tree species classification. Forests. 9: 89.
- Riondato, E., Pilla, F., Sarkar Basu, A., Basu, B., 2020. Investigating the effect of trees on urban quality in Dublin by combining air monitoring with i-Tree Eco model. Sustain. Cities Soc. 61.
- Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W.D., Hammer, S.A., Mehrotra, S., 2011. Climate Change and Cities: First Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network. Cambridge University Press.
- Salisbury, F.B., Ross, C.W., 1978. The photosynthesis-transpiration compromise. Plant Physiol. 4: 66-92.
- Speak, A.F., Montagnani, L., Solly, H., Wellstein, C., Zerbe, S., 2022. The impact of different tree planting strategies on ecosystem services and disservices in the piazzas of a northern Italian city. Urban Ecosyst. 25:355-366.
- Sturiale, L., Scuderi, A., 2019. The role of green infrastructures in urban planning for climate change adaptation. Climate 7(10):119.
- Votsis, A., 2017. Planning for green infrastructure: the spatial effects of parks, forests, and fields on Helsinki’s apartment prices. Ecol. Econ. 132: 279-289.
There are 47 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Ecosystem Services (Incl. Pollination), Landscape Ecology |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 7, 2025 |
| Submission Date | May 27, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | June 26, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 1 |