Research Article
Doğal Atık Malzemeler ve Biyoçarları ile Biyobozunur Özellikte Yeni Epoksi-bazlı Kompozitlerin Hazırlanması ve Karakterizasyonu
Abstract
Bu çalışmada doğal atık malzemelerden ceviz kabuğu (CK) ve pirina bisfenol-A tipi epoksi reçine (ER) kompozitlerinin hazırlanması için dolgu maddesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, doğal takviye malzemeleri 700 ºC’da piroliz edilerek katı ürün atığı çarla da kompozitleri oluşturulmuştur. Epoksi reçinede dolgu oranı %10-50 aralığında değiştirilerek kompozitlerin mekanik, elektriksel, iletkenlik ve termal özelliklerine dolgu maddesi oranının etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çarların morfolojisi taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, elde edilen biyobazlı kompozit malzemeler özel olarak hazırladığımız toprağa gömülerek bozunma süreleri (biyobozunurluk testi) belirlenmiştir.
Keywords
References
- 1. Mustata, F., Tudorachi, N., Rosu, D., 2012. Thermal Behavior of Some Organic/Inorganic Composites Based on Epoxy Resin and Calcium Carbonate Obtained From Conch Shell of Rapana Thomasiana, Composite Part B-Engineering, 43, 10-702.
- 2. Azeez, A.A., Rhee, K.Y., Park, S.J., Hui, D., 2013. Epoxy Clay Nanocomposites– Processing, Properties and Applications: A Review, Composites Part B: Engineering,, 45, (1), 308-320.
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- 6. Fraga, F., Vazquez, I., Rodriguez-Nunez, E., Martinez-Ageitos, J.M., Miragaya, J., 2009. Influence of the Filler CaCO3 on The Cure Kinetic of the Epoxy Network Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A (BADGE N = 0) with İsophorone Diamine, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 114, 3338–42.
- 7. Özdemir, E., 2014. Organik Olarak Modifiye Edilmiş Montmorillonitlerin Poli(laktik asit)’in Termal Bozunum Davranışı ve Mekanik Özellikleri Üzerindeki Etkisi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
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- 14. Paglicawan, M.A., Kim, J.K., Bang, D.S., 2010. Dispersion of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Thermoplastic Elastomer Gels: Morphological, Rheological, and Electrical Properties, Polymer Composites, 31(2), 210-217.
- 15. Athanasopoulos, N., Baltopoulos, A., Matzakou, M., Vavouliotis, A., Kostopoulos, V., 2012. Electrical Conductivity of Polyurethane/MWCNT Nanocomposite Foams, Polymer Composites, 33(8), 1302-1312.
- 16. Ahmetli, G., Kocaman, S., Ozaytekin, I., Bozkurt, P., 2013. Epoxy Composites Based on Inexpensive Char Filler Obtained from Plastic Waste and Natural Resources, Polymer Composites, 34(4), 500–509.
- 17. Aslanov, T., 2017. Pirina ve Plastik Atıklarının ko-Pirolizinden Elde Edilen Çarın Kullanımı ile Biyokompozitler Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
- 18. Yu, J.., Lucas, J.A., Wall, T.F., 2007. Formation of the Structure of Chars During Devolatilization of Pulverized Coal and its Thermoproperties: A Review, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 33(2), 135-170.
- 19. Tan, C., Yaxin, Z., Hongtao, W., Wenjing, L., Zeyu, Z., Yuancheng, Z., Lulu, R., 2014. Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Characteristics and Heavy Metal Adsorptive Performance of Biochar Derived from Municipal Sewage Sludge, Bioresource Technology, 164, 47-54.
- 20. Bozkurt, P., 2014. Epoksi Reçine/Çar Kompozitlerinin Hazırlanması ve Karakterizasyonu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
- 21. Mcbeath, A.V., Smernik, R.J., 2009. Variation in the Degree of Aromatic Condensation of Chars, Organic Geochemistry, 40(12), 1161-1168.
- 22. Pantea, D., Darmstadt, H., Kaliaguine, S., Roy, C., 2003. Heat-Treatment of Carbon Blacks Obtained by Pyrolysis of Used Tires. Effect on the Surface Chemistry, Porosity and Electrical Conductivity, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 67(1), 55-76.
Preparation and Characterization of New Epoxy-Based Composites with Biodegradable Natural Waste Materials and Biochars
Abstract
In this study, natural waste materials (walnut shell waste and pirina waste) were used as a filler material to prepare bisphenol-A type epoxy (ER) composite materials. In addition, natural reinforcement materials were pyrolyzed to form solid product such as char and its composites were prepared. The filler ratio in epoxy resin has been changed in the range of 10-50%. The effect of filler ratio on the mechanical, electrical conductivity and thermal properties of composites has been investigated. The morphology of the chars was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, prepared biodegradable composite materials were buried in specially prepared soil to determine their disposal time (biodegradability test).
Keywords
References
- 1. Mustata, F., Tudorachi, N., Rosu, D., 2012. Thermal Behavior of Some Organic/Inorganic Composites Based on Epoxy Resin and Calcium Carbonate Obtained From Conch Shell of Rapana Thomasiana, Composite Part B-Engineering, 43, 10-702.
- 2. Azeez, A.A., Rhee, K.Y., Park, S.J., Hui, D., 2013. Epoxy Clay Nanocomposites– Processing, Properties and Applications: A Review, Composites Part B: Engineering,, 45, (1), 308-320.
- 3. May, C.A., 1973. Epoxy Resins: Chemistry and Technology, Marcel Dekker, 50-70, New York.
- 4. Ellis, B., 1993. Chemistry and Technology of Epoxy Resins, Blackie Academic and Professional, 200-300, UK.
- 5. Behera, A.K., Avancha, S., Basak, R.K., Sen, R., Adhikari, B., 2012. Fabrication and Characterizations of Biodegradable Jute Reinforced Soy Based Green Composites, Carbohydrate Polymers, 88(1), 329-335.
- 6. Fraga, F., Vazquez, I., Rodriguez-Nunez, E., Martinez-Ageitos, J.M., Miragaya, J., 2009. Influence of the Filler CaCO3 on The Cure Kinetic of the Epoxy Network Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A (BADGE N = 0) with İsophorone Diamine, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 114, 3338–42.
- 7. Özdemir, E., 2014. Organik Olarak Modifiye Edilmiş Montmorillonitlerin Poli(laktik asit)’in Termal Bozunum Davranışı ve Mekanik Özellikleri Üzerindeki Etkisi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- 8. Nakamura, Y., Yamaguchi, M., Okubo, M., Matsumoto, T., 1992. Effects of Particle-Size on Mechanical and Impact Properties of Epoxy–Resin Filled with Spherical Silica, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 45,1281-1290.
- 9. Gross, R.A., Kalra, B., 2002. Biodegradable Polymers for the Environment, Green Chemistry, 297, 803-806.
- 10. Maiti, S., Banerjee, P., Purakayastha, S., Ghosh, B., 2008. Silicon-Doped Carbon Semiconductor from Rice Husk Char, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 109(1), 169-173.
- 11. Robertson, J., 1991. Hard Amorphous (Diamond-Like) Carbons, Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 21(4), 199-333.
- 12. Fusco, G., Tagliaferro, A., Milne, W.I., Robertson, J., 1997. Paramagnetic Centres in Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon, Diamond and Related Materials, 6(5), 783-786.
- 13. Özaytekin, İ., Kar, Y., 2012. Synthesis and Properties of Composites of Oligoazomethine with Char, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 123(2), 815–823.
- 14. Paglicawan, M.A., Kim, J.K., Bang, D.S., 2010. Dispersion of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Thermoplastic Elastomer Gels: Morphological, Rheological, and Electrical Properties, Polymer Composites, 31(2), 210-217.
- 15. Athanasopoulos, N., Baltopoulos, A., Matzakou, M., Vavouliotis, A., Kostopoulos, V., 2012. Electrical Conductivity of Polyurethane/MWCNT Nanocomposite Foams, Polymer Composites, 33(8), 1302-1312.
- 16. Ahmetli, G., Kocaman, S., Ozaytekin, I., Bozkurt, P., 2013. Epoxy Composites Based on Inexpensive Char Filler Obtained from Plastic Waste and Natural Resources, Polymer Composites, 34(4), 500–509.
- 17. Aslanov, T., 2017. Pirina ve Plastik Atıklarının ko-Pirolizinden Elde Edilen Çarın Kullanımı ile Biyokompozitler Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
- 18. Yu, J.., Lucas, J.A., Wall, T.F., 2007. Formation of the Structure of Chars During Devolatilization of Pulverized Coal and its Thermoproperties: A Review, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 33(2), 135-170.
- 19. Tan, C., Yaxin, Z., Hongtao, W., Wenjing, L., Zeyu, Z., Yuancheng, Z., Lulu, R., 2014. Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Characteristics and Heavy Metal Adsorptive Performance of Biochar Derived from Municipal Sewage Sludge, Bioresource Technology, 164, 47-54.
- 20. Bozkurt, P., 2014. Epoksi Reçine/Çar Kompozitlerinin Hazırlanması ve Karakterizasyonu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
- 21. Mcbeath, A.V., Smernik, R.J., 2009. Variation in the Degree of Aromatic Condensation of Chars, Organic Geochemistry, 40(12), 1161-1168.
- 22. Pantea, D., Darmstadt, H., Kaliaguine, S., Roy, C., 2003. Heat-Treatment of Carbon Blacks Obtained by Pyrolysis of Used Tires. Effect on the Surface Chemistry, Porosity and Electrical Conductivity, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 67(1), 55-76.
There are 22 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 33 Issue: 2 |