Research Article
Depreme bağlı amputasyonu olan çocuklarda bakım veren yükünün ve ilişkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı depreme bağlı amputasyonu olan çocukların bakım verenleri üzerindeki potansiyel yükü ve ilişkili parametreleri değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş depremleri nedeniyle tek taraflı alt ekstremite kaybı yaşayan çocukları (8-18 yaş) ve onların bakım verenlerini kapsamaktadır. Ampute çocukların fonksiyonel durumları, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri ve öz bakım aktivitelerindeki bağımlılık dereceleri sırasıyla Çocuk Amputelerde Fonksiyonel Durum Belirleme Testi, Çocuk Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği-Yenilenmiş (ÇADÖ-Y)-bakım veren ve çocuk formları ve Pediatrik Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlık Ölçeği'nin öz bakım alanı kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bakım verenlerde bakım veren yükü, ruh sağlığı ve yaşam kalitesi sırasıyla Zarit Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği (ZBI), Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği (HADS), 12 maddeli Sağlık Durum Anketi (SF-12) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 29 birincil bakım veren ve 29 alt ekstremite amputasyonu olan pediatrik hasta dahil edilmiştir. ZBI toplam puanları fantom ağrı birlikteliği ile farklılık göstermiştir. ZBI-toplam puanları amputasyon seviyelerine göre farklılık göstermemiştir. RCADS anksiyete ve SF-12 PCS skorları arasında negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur. HADS ve RCADS bakım verenlerinin toplam puanları arasında orta düzeyde pozitif bir korelasyon gözlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Çocuklarda depreme bağlı alt ekstremite amputasyonu artan bakım veren yüküne neden olmaktadır. Bu yükün amputasyon seviyesinden bağımsız olduğu bulunmuştur. Bakım veren kişilerin mental sağlığı, yine bakım verenlerin değerlendirmesiyle tespit edilen çocuk anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri ile ilişkili bulunmuştur.
Keywords
References
- Hussain E, Kalaycıoğlu S, Milliner CWD, Çakir Z. Preconditioning the 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) earthquake disaster. Nat Rev Earth Environ. 2023;4:287-9.
- Sariyildiz A, Ölmez Engizek S, Basaran S. Evaluation of pediatric amputees admitted for prosthesis application after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine. 2024;46:209-16.
- Basaran S, Sariyildiz A, Olmez S, Kundakci B, Bicer OS. Prosthesis applications and challenges in children with earthquake-related amputations. Injury. 2024;55:111920.
- Kahramanmaraş ve Hatay depremleri yeniden imar ve gelişme raporu. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Kahramanmaras-ve-Hatay-Depremleri-Yeniden-Imar-ve-Gelisme-Raporu-1.pdf (last access on 22-October-2024).
- Morelli I, Sabbadini MG, Bortolin M. Orthopedic injuries and their treatment in children during earthquakes: A systematic review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30:478-85.
- Atar E, Dilekçi E, Özsoy Ünübol T, Gündüz N, Atar M, Aşkın A. Caregiver burden in cerebral palsy: Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of caregiver difficulties scale. Child Care Health Dev. 2022;48:465-73.
- Basilious A, Villani S, Jang H, Kaberi KM, Malvankar-Mehta MS. Quality of life and caregiver burden in pediatric glaucoma: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2022;17:e0276881.
- Hewawitharana BDR, Wijesinghe CJ, De Silva A, Phillips JP, Hewawitharana GP. Disability and caregiver burden: Unique challenges in a developing country. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2023;16:483-91.
- Tona JT, Ash J, Brown E, Campagna C, Kostek K, Lawton E et al. Caregiver burden, stress, and relationship cohesion among self-identified caregivers of children with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2023;33:378-86.
- Yığman F, Aykın Yığman Z, Ünlü Akyüz E. Investigation of the relationship between disease severity, caregiver burden and emotional expression in caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Ir J Med Sci. 2020;189:1413-9.
- Shattnawi KK, Al Ali N, Almanasreh AA, Al-Motlaq MA. Caregiver burden among parents of children with chronic diseases: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs. 2023;32:6485-93.
- Adib-Hajbaghery M, Ahmadi B. Caregiver burden and its associated factors in caregivers of children and adolescents with chronic conditions. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2019;7:258-69.
- Karikari L. Caregiver Mental Health: A Crucial Piece of the Recovery Puzzle. J Recovery Ment Health. 2024;7:29-31.
- Rotberg B, Wittenberg J, Orkin J, Saunders NR, Cohen E. Caring about caregivers: the role of paediatricians in supporting the mental health of parents of children with high caregiving needs. Arch Dis Child. 2020;105:1028-30.
- Leurs A, Trojak B, Ponavoy E, Bonin B, Chauvet-Gelinier JC. Biopsychosocial approach to caregiving burden: Why should we care about caregivers' health?. Presse Med. 2018;47:732-40.
- Alves Costa MS, Pereira MG. Predictors and moderators of quality of life in caregivers of amputee patients by type 2 diabetes. Scand J Caring Sci. 2018;32:933-42.
- Costa MSA, Machado JC, Pereira MG. Longitudinal changes on the quality of life in caregivers of type 2 diabetes amputee patients. Scand J Caring Sci. 2020;34:979-88.
- Ganjparvar Z, Mousavi B, Masumi M, Soroush M, Montazeri A. Determinants of quality of life in the caregivers of Iranian war survivors with bilateral lower-limb amputation after more than two decades. Iran J Med Sci. 2016;41:257-64.
- Ma GY, Mak WW. Caregiving-specific worry, affiliate stigma, and perceived social support on psychological distress of caregivers of children with physical disability in Hong Kong. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2016;86:436-46.
- White S. Hidden posttraumatic stress disorder in the mother of a boy with traumatic limb amputation. J Pediatr Psychol. 1991;16:103-15.
- Alessa M, Alkhalaf HA, Alwabari SS, Alwabari NJ, Alkhalaf H, Alwayel Z et al. The psychosocial impact of lower limb amputation on patients and caregivers. Cureus. 2022;14:e31248.
- Costa MSA, Machado JC, Pereira MG. Burden changes in caregivers of patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74:2322-30.
- Brier MJ, Williams RM, Turner AP, Henderson AW, Roepke AM, Norvell DC et al. Quality of relationships with caregivers, depression, and life satisfaction after dysvascular lower extremity amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99:452-458.
- Costa S, Ferreira J, Leite Â, Pereira MG. Traumatic stress as a mediator of quality of life and burden in informal caregivers of amputees due to diabetic foot: a longitudinal study. Health Psychol Rep. 2020;9:338-348.
- Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist.1980;20:649-55.
- Özlü A, Yildiz M, Aker T. Zarit Bakıcı Yük Ölçeğinin şizofreni hasta yakınlarında geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Noro Psikiyatri Ars. 2009;46:38-42.
- Ottenbacher KJ, Msall ME, Lyon N, Duffy LC, Granger CV, Braun S. Measuring developmental and functional status in children with disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol Mar. 1999;41:186-94.
- Pruitt SD, Varni JW, Setoguchi Y. Functional status in children with limb deficiency: development and initial validation of an outcome measure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77:1233-8.
- Ware J, Jr., Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care Mar. 1996;34:220-33.
- Soylu C, Kütük B. SF-12 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2022;33:108-17.
- Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67:361-70.
- Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölcegi Türkce formunun gecerlilik ve güvenilirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1997;8:280-7.
- Chorpita BF, Yim L, Moffitt C, Umemoto LA, Francis SE. Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: a revised child anxiety and depression scale. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38:835-55.
- Gormez V, Kılınçaslan A, Orengul A, Ebesutani C, Kaya I, Ceri V et al. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version in a clinical sample. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;27:84–92.
- Keniş Coşkun Ö, Gençer Atalay K, Erdem E, Karadag-Saygi E, Gökdemir Y, Karadağ B. Caregiver burden in children with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2019;54:1936-40.
- Barros ALO, Barros AO, Barros GLM, Santos MTBR. Burden of caregivers of children and adolescents with Down Syndrome. Sobrecarga dos cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Down. Cien Saude Colet. 2017;22:3625-34.
- Syvänen J, Helenius I, Koskimies-Virta E, Ritvanen A, Hurme S, Nietosvaara Y. Hospital admissions and surgical treatment of children with lower-limb deficiency in Finland. Scand J Surg. 2019;108:352-60.
- Keniş-Coşkun Ö, Atabay CE, Şekeroğlu A, Akdeniz E, Kasil B, Bozkurt G, Karadağ-Saygı E. The relationship between caregiver burden and resilience and quality of life in a Turkish pediatric rehabilitation facility. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020;52:e108-e113.
- Javalkar K, Rak E, Phillips A, Haberman C, Ferris M, Van Tilburg M. Predictors of caregiver burden among mothers of children with chronic conditions. Children (Basel). 2017;4:39.
- Van Der Schans C, Geertzen J, Schoppen T, Dijkstra P. Phantom pain and health-related quality of life in lower limb amputees. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002;24:429-36.
- Kuffler D. Origins of Phantom Limb Pain. Mol Neurobiol. 2018;55:60-9.
- Chang HY, Chiou CJ, Chen NS. Impact of mental health and caregiver burden on family caregivers' physical health. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2010;50:267-71.
- Parry M, Beleno R, Nissim R, Baiden D, Baxter P, Betini R et al. Mental health and well-being of unpaid caregivers: a cross-sectional survey protocol. BMJ Open. 2023;13:e070374.
- Arias Vázquez PI, Castillo Avila RG, Dominguez Zentella MDC, Hernández-Díaz Y, González-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zárate CA et al. Prevalence and correlations between suicide attempt, depression, substance use, and functionality among patients with limb amputations. Int J Rehabil Res Mar. 2018;41:52-6.
- Meyer S, Steinhaus M, Bangirana C, Onyango-Mangen P, Stark L. The influence of caregiver depression on adolescent mental health outcomes: findings from refugee settlements in Uganda. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:405.
- Hein S, Ponguta LA, Flores JM, Londoño Tobón A, Johnson INS, Larran J et al. Caregiver psychopathology, resilience, and their associations with social-emotional challenges of young children affected by armed conflict in Colombia. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. Published online 2024. doi: 10.1007/s10578-024-01787-y.
- Betancourt T, McBain R, Newnham E, Brennan R. The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56:1101-7.
- Jin L, Wang D, Yang D, Jin Q, Cao M, Li Y et al. The impact of perceived caregiver anxiety and stress during childhood on late-life depression: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Front Psychiatry. 2025;16:1507566.
Year 2025,
Volume: 50 Issue: 2, 400 - 409, 30.06.2025
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the potential burden and associated parameters on caregivers of children with earthquake-related amputation.
Materials and Methods: The study includes children (aged 8-18 years) who experienced unilateral lower limb loss due to Kahramanmaraş earthquakes on February 6, 2023, and their caregivers. The functional status, anxiety and depression levels, and degree of dependency in self-care activities of amputee children were evaluated by using the Child Amputee Prosthetic Project-Functional Status Inventory, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS)-caregiver and child forms, and self-care domain of the Functional Independence Measure for Children, respectively. In caregivers, caregiver burden, mental health, and quality of life were assessed using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and 12 item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12).
Results: The study included 29 primary caregivers and 29 pediatric patients with lower extremity amputations. ZBI total scores differed with phantom pain coexistence. ZBI total scores did not differ according to amputation levels. RCADS anxiety scores were negatively correlated with SF-12 PCS scores. A moderate positive correlation was observed between the total scores of HADS and RCADS caregivers.
Conclusion: Earthquake-related lower limb amputation in children causes increased caregiver burden. This burden was found to be independent of the level of amputation. The mental health of the caregivers was associated with the amputee children's anxiety and depression status, which the caregivers themselves reported.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine (Date of approval: February 23, 2024, Number: 141/39) and the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
Supporting Institution
no
Thanks
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References
- Hussain E, Kalaycıoğlu S, Milliner CWD, Çakir Z. Preconditioning the 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) earthquake disaster. Nat Rev Earth Environ. 2023;4:287-9.
- Sariyildiz A, Ölmez Engizek S, Basaran S. Evaluation of pediatric amputees admitted for prosthesis application after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine. 2024;46:209-16.
- Basaran S, Sariyildiz A, Olmez S, Kundakci B, Bicer OS. Prosthesis applications and challenges in children with earthquake-related amputations. Injury. 2024;55:111920.
- Kahramanmaraş ve Hatay depremleri yeniden imar ve gelişme raporu. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Kahramanmaras-ve-Hatay-Depremleri-Yeniden-Imar-ve-Gelisme-Raporu-1.pdf (last access on 22-October-2024).
- Morelli I, Sabbadini MG, Bortolin M. Orthopedic injuries and their treatment in children during earthquakes: A systematic review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30:478-85.
- Atar E, Dilekçi E, Özsoy Ünübol T, Gündüz N, Atar M, Aşkın A. Caregiver burden in cerebral palsy: Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of caregiver difficulties scale. Child Care Health Dev. 2022;48:465-73.
- Basilious A, Villani S, Jang H, Kaberi KM, Malvankar-Mehta MS. Quality of life and caregiver burden in pediatric glaucoma: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2022;17:e0276881.
- Hewawitharana BDR, Wijesinghe CJ, De Silva A, Phillips JP, Hewawitharana GP. Disability and caregiver burden: Unique challenges in a developing country. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2023;16:483-91.
- Tona JT, Ash J, Brown E, Campagna C, Kostek K, Lawton E et al. Caregiver burden, stress, and relationship cohesion among self-identified caregivers of children with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2023;33:378-86.
- Yığman F, Aykın Yığman Z, Ünlü Akyüz E. Investigation of the relationship between disease severity, caregiver burden and emotional expression in caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Ir J Med Sci. 2020;189:1413-9.
- Shattnawi KK, Al Ali N, Almanasreh AA, Al-Motlaq MA. Caregiver burden among parents of children with chronic diseases: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs. 2023;32:6485-93.
- Adib-Hajbaghery M, Ahmadi B. Caregiver burden and its associated factors in caregivers of children and adolescents with chronic conditions. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2019;7:258-69.
- Karikari L. Caregiver Mental Health: A Crucial Piece of the Recovery Puzzle. J Recovery Ment Health. 2024;7:29-31.
- Rotberg B, Wittenberg J, Orkin J, Saunders NR, Cohen E. Caring about caregivers: the role of paediatricians in supporting the mental health of parents of children with high caregiving needs. Arch Dis Child. 2020;105:1028-30.
- Leurs A, Trojak B, Ponavoy E, Bonin B, Chauvet-Gelinier JC. Biopsychosocial approach to caregiving burden: Why should we care about caregivers' health?. Presse Med. 2018;47:732-40.
- Alves Costa MS, Pereira MG. Predictors and moderators of quality of life in caregivers of amputee patients by type 2 diabetes. Scand J Caring Sci. 2018;32:933-42.
- Costa MSA, Machado JC, Pereira MG. Longitudinal changes on the quality of life in caregivers of type 2 diabetes amputee patients. Scand J Caring Sci. 2020;34:979-88.
- Ganjparvar Z, Mousavi B, Masumi M, Soroush M, Montazeri A. Determinants of quality of life in the caregivers of Iranian war survivors with bilateral lower-limb amputation after more than two decades. Iran J Med Sci. 2016;41:257-64.
- Ma GY, Mak WW. Caregiving-specific worry, affiliate stigma, and perceived social support on psychological distress of caregivers of children with physical disability in Hong Kong. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2016;86:436-46.
- White S. Hidden posttraumatic stress disorder in the mother of a boy with traumatic limb amputation. J Pediatr Psychol. 1991;16:103-15.
- Alessa M, Alkhalaf HA, Alwabari SS, Alwabari NJ, Alkhalaf H, Alwayel Z et al. The psychosocial impact of lower limb amputation on patients and caregivers. Cureus. 2022;14:e31248.
- Costa MSA, Machado JC, Pereira MG. Burden changes in caregivers of patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74:2322-30.
- Brier MJ, Williams RM, Turner AP, Henderson AW, Roepke AM, Norvell DC et al. Quality of relationships with caregivers, depression, and life satisfaction after dysvascular lower extremity amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99:452-458.
- Costa S, Ferreira J, Leite Â, Pereira MG. Traumatic stress as a mediator of quality of life and burden in informal caregivers of amputees due to diabetic foot: a longitudinal study. Health Psychol Rep. 2020;9:338-348.
- Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist.1980;20:649-55.
- Özlü A, Yildiz M, Aker T. Zarit Bakıcı Yük Ölçeğinin şizofreni hasta yakınlarında geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Noro Psikiyatri Ars. 2009;46:38-42.
- Ottenbacher KJ, Msall ME, Lyon N, Duffy LC, Granger CV, Braun S. Measuring developmental and functional status in children with disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol Mar. 1999;41:186-94.
- Pruitt SD, Varni JW, Setoguchi Y. Functional status in children with limb deficiency: development and initial validation of an outcome measure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77:1233-8.
- Ware J, Jr., Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care Mar. 1996;34:220-33.
- Soylu C, Kütük B. SF-12 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2022;33:108-17.
- Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67:361-70.
- Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölcegi Türkce formunun gecerlilik ve güvenilirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1997;8:280-7.
- Chorpita BF, Yim L, Moffitt C, Umemoto LA, Francis SE. Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: a revised child anxiety and depression scale. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38:835-55.
- Gormez V, Kılınçaslan A, Orengul A, Ebesutani C, Kaya I, Ceri V et al. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version in a clinical sample. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;27:84–92.
- Keniş Coşkun Ö, Gençer Atalay K, Erdem E, Karadag-Saygi E, Gökdemir Y, Karadağ B. Caregiver burden in children with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2019;54:1936-40.
- Barros ALO, Barros AO, Barros GLM, Santos MTBR. Burden of caregivers of children and adolescents with Down Syndrome. Sobrecarga dos cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Down. Cien Saude Colet. 2017;22:3625-34.
- Syvänen J, Helenius I, Koskimies-Virta E, Ritvanen A, Hurme S, Nietosvaara Y. Hospital admissions and surgical treatment of children with lower-limb deficiency in Finland. Scand J Surg. 2019;108:352-60.
- Keniş-Coşkun Ö, Atabay CE, Şekeroğlu A, Akdeniz E, Kasil B, Bozkurt G, Karadağ-Saygı E. The relationship between caregiver burden and resilience and quality of life in a Turkish pediatric rehabilitation facility. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020;52:e108-e113.
- Javalkar K, Rak E, Phillips A, Haberman C, Ferris M, Van Tilburg M. Predictors of caregiver burden among mothers of children with chronic conditions. Children (Basel). 2017;4:39.
- Van Der Schans C, Geertzen J, Schoppen T, Dijkstra P. Phantom pain and health-related quality of life in lower limb amputees. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002;24:429-36.
- Kuffler D. Origins of Phantom Limb Pain. Mol Neurobiol. 2018;55:60-9.
- Chang HY, Chiou CJ, Chen NS. Impact of mental health and caregiver burden on family caregivers' physical health. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2010;50:267-71.
- Parry M, Beleno R, Nissim R, Baiden D, Baxter P, Betini R et al. Mental health and well-being of unpaid caregivers: a cross-sectional survey protocol. BMJ Open. 2023;13:e070374.
- Arias Vázquez PI, Castillo Avila RG, Dominguez Zentella MDC, Hernández-Díaz Y, González-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zárate CA et al. Prevalence and correlations between suicide attempt, depression, substance use, and functionality among patients with limb amputations. Int J Rehabil Res Mar. 2018;41:52-6.
- Meyer S, Steinhaus M, Bangirana C, Onyango-Mangen P, Stark L. The influence of caregiver depression on adolescent mental health outcomes: findings from refugee settlements in Uganda. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:405.
- Hein S, Ponguta LA, Flores JM, Londoño Tobón A, Johnson INS, Larran J et al. Caregiver psychopathology, resilience, and their associations with social-emotional challenges of young children affected by armed conflict in Colombia. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. Published online 2024. doi: 10.1007/s10578-024-01787-y.
- Betancourt T, McBain R, Newnham E, Brennan R. The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56:1101-7.
- Jin L, Wang D, Yang D, Jin Q, Cao M, Li Y et al. The impact of perceived caregiver anxiety and stress during childhood on late-life depression: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Front Psychiatry. 2025;16:1507566.
There are 48 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Adolescent Health, Paediatrics (Other), Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | March 7, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | May 23, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 |
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