Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis
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Surgical ciliated cyst of the jaws: A systematic review

Year 2025, Volume: 35 Issue: 3, 243 - 247, 24.07.2025

Fatma Çağlayan , Hatice Lamia Tuğluoğlu Dalcı

https://doi.org/10.17567/currresdentsci.1423562

Abstract

Cysts are fluid-filled lesions located in bone or soft tissue, surrounded by an epithelial-lined capsule. Surgical ciliated cyst (SCC) is a rare, non-odontogenic cyst lined with respiratory epithelium, formed as a result of traumatic implantation of the sinus or nasal mucosa into the jawbone especially maxilla and it was included in the latest WHO classification in 2022. The present study was aimed to systematically review the cases of surgical ciliated cysts.
A literature review on the search engine Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and Clinical Key was conducted, without date restrictions including search terms “surgical ciliated cyst and maxilla” or “surgical ciliated cyst and mandible”. The records were examined in detail as full text according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria; lesions that were definitively diagnosed as SCC as a result of histopathological examination. Exclusion criteria; lesions without a history of surgical procedures and not diagnosed as SCC.
The total number of records generated was 150 and after the duplicates were removed, 85 records left. These records were carefully examined according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and as a result a total of 39 records and 49 cases of surgical ciliated cysts were included in the systematic review. 84% of the cases were seen in and around the maxilla, and very few were in the mandible. All of them had a history of previous surgery.
SCC is not a new entity; maxillofacial radiologists, surgeons and pathologists should be familiar with the clinical, radiologic, histopathologic features and medical history of the SCC cases.

Keywords

Respiratory mucosa Jaw Cyst

References

  • 1. Soluk-Tekkesin M, Wright JM. The World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Lesions: A Summary of the Changes of the 2022 (5th) Edition. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2022;38:168-184.
  • 2. Lafuente-Ibanez de Mendoza I, Fernandez-Reyes M, Fernandez-Arenas A, Aguirre-Urizar JM. Surgical ciliated cyst after a mandibular surgery: a particular case report and review of the literature. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21:633.
  • 3. Cai M, Shen G, Lu X, Wang X. Two mandibular surgical ciliated cysts after Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;53:1040-1042.
  • 4. Hayhurst DL, Moenning JE, Summerlin DJ, Bussard DA. Surgical ciliated cyst: a delayed complication in a case of maxillary orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51:705-708.
  • 5. Theofilou NE, Lombardi T, Scolozzi P. Maxillary surgical ciliated cysts following advancement Le Fort I osteotomy with concomitant autogenous bone grafting: a simple coincidence or a cause-effect relationship? J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;122:618-624.
  • 6. Ramakrishnan DS, Abdul Wahab PU, Dhasarathan P, Madhulaxmi M, Kandamani J. Surgical Ciliated Cyst of the Left Maxilla - A Case Report of Unusual Pathogenesis. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2020;10:479-483.
  • 7. Leung YY, Wong WY, Cheung LK. Surgical ciliated cysts may mimic radicular cysts or residual cysts of maxilla: report of 3 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70:e264-e269.
  • 8. Yamamoto S, Maeda K, Kouchi I, et al. Surgical Ciliated Cyst Following Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation: A Case Report. J Oral Implantol. 2017;43:360-364.
  • 9. Cordero-Garcia T, Lozano-Rosado R, Fontillon-Alberdi M, Gutierrez-Perez JL, Infante-Cossio P. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla after orthognathic surgery: A case report. Exp Ther Med. 2023;26:343.
  • 10. Cano J, Campo J, Alobera MA, Baca R. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla. Clinical case. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009;14:E361-364.
  • 11. Adachi M, Miyata Y, Ito Y. Mid-facial deformity secondary to a traumatic haemorrhage in a maxillary cyst. J Surg Case Rep. 2016;2:rjw013.
  • 12. Golaszewski J, Muñoz R, Barazarte D, Perez L. Surgical ciliated cyst after maxillary orthognathic surgery: a literature review and case report. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;23:281-284.
  • 13. Peighoun M, Samieirad S, Mohtasham N, Tohidi E, Moeini S. Surgical Ciliated Cyst of the Posterior Maxilla in an Old Male, Mimicking Residual Cyst or Odontogenic Keratocyst: A Case Report. World J Plast Surg. 2022;11:132-137.
  • 14. Toyoshima T, Tanaka H, Kitamura R, Kiyoshima T, Shiratsuchi Y, Nakamura S. Traumatic ciliated cyst derived from zygomaticomaxillary fracture: Report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2014;26:175–178
  • 15. Tanio S, Tamura T, Kasuya H, et al. Surgical ciliated cyst developing after Le Fort I osteotomy: Case report and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2019;31:410–414.
  • 16. Redman RS, Rodríguez-Feo CJ. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla: Report of two cases with striking radiological features and unusual antecedent surgical histories. Oral Maxillofac Surg Cases. 2020;6:100199.
  • 17. Fernandes KS, Gallottini MHC, Felix VB, Santos PSS, Nunes FD. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla after maxillary sinus surgery: A case report. Oral Surgery. 2013;6: 229–233.
  • 18. Koo Min Chee CA, Brierley DJ, Hunter KD, Pace C, Mckechnie AJ. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla following maxillary osteotomy: A case report. Oral Surgery. 2014;7:39–41.
  • 19. Moe JS, Magliocca KR, Steed MB. Early maxillary surgical ciliated cyst after Le Fort I untreated for 20 years. Oral Surgery. 2013;6:224–228.
  • 20. Coviello V, Zareh Dehkhargani S, Patini R, Cicconetti A. Surgical ciliated cyst 12 years after Le Fort I maxillary advancement osteotomy: a case report and review of the literature. Oral Surgery. 2017;10:165-170.
  • 21. Vieira GDS, Gonçalves SLM, de Oliveira KC, et al. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla: Report of two cases. Oral Surgery. 2022;15:340–344.
  • 22. Siwach P, Joy T, Gaikwad S, Meshram V. Postoperative maxillary cyst. Indian J Dent Res. 2020;31:157-159.
  • 23. Soares JC, Villalba NC, Sanromán JF, et al. Surgical Ciliated Cysts in Orthognathic Surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32: e2-e5.
  • 24. Lim D, Ngeow WC. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla: A rare pathology of the maxillary sinus. Arch Orofac Sci. 2017;12:1-5.
  • 25. Yang HC, Kang SH, Yoon SH, Cho HH. Transnasal endoscopic removal of bilateral postoperative maxillary cysts after aesthetic orthognathic ssurgery: Differences from that of Caldwell-Luc operations. Auris, nasus, larynx. 2018;45: 608–612.
  • 26. Pakravan A, Nafarzadeh S. Report of a case of surgical ciliated cyst in the left maxillary sinus. J Contemp Med Sci. 2017;3:234-236.
  • 27. Park WB, Lim HC. Late Developed Unusual Nasal Involvement of Postoperative Maxillary Cyst Following Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Case Report. Appl. Sci. 2021;11:10730.
  • 28. Alamri M, Violante T, Schellati N, Hinchy NV, Aguirre A. Maxillary radiolucency in a 39-year-old man. J Am Dent Assoc. 2022;S0002-8177:00689-4.
  • 29. Shakib K, McCarthy E, Walker DM, Newman L. Post operative maxillary cyst: report of an unusual presentation. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;47:419-421.
  • 30. Amin N, Pustylnik T, Jakubowski J. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla secondary to a prior sinus exposure- case report and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014;118: e188.
  • 31. Archambault K, Husain MA, Tetradis S, Mallya SM. Surgical ciliated cysts: a report of three cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017;124: e23.
  • 32. De Arruda JAA, De Araujo SQ, Da Silva TCG, Do Egito Vasconcelos BC, Da Silveira MMF, Sobral APV. Surgical ciliated cyst: A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017;124:e48.
  • 33. Silva NR, Rocha Torres OKM, Campos CM, et al. Ciliated surgical cyst: A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2020;130: e154.
  • 34. De Pinho Montovani P, De Souza Vieira G, Gonçalves SLM, De Oliveira KC, Cunha KSG, Conde DC. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla: Report of a rare late surgical complication. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2022;134:e92.
  • 35. Da Silva Leonel ACL, Bezerra HKF, Cruz VMZ, et al. Surgical ciliated cyst: A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2022; 134: E154.
  • 36. An J, Zhang Y. Surgical ciliated cyst of the medial canthal region after the management of a midfacial fracture: a case report. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25:701-702.
  • 37. Kwack DW, Yoon J, Park HS, Lee JH, Kim MY. Transoral Marsupialization of an Isolated Surgical Ciliated Cyst of the Infratemporal Fossa. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13:1825.
  • 38. Li CC, Feinerman DM, MacCarthy KD, Woo SB. Rare mandibular surgical ciliated cysts: report of two new cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72:1736-1743.
  • 39. Bourgeois SL Jr, Nelson BL. Surgical ciliated cyst of the mandible secondary to simultaneous Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty: report of case and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;100:36-39.
  • 40. Youn S, Oh HJ, Yoon HJ, Seo BM. Surgical ciliated cyst of the mandible after orthognathic surgery: a case report with review of the literature. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022;44:26.
  • 41. Ragsdale BD, Laurent JL, Janette AJ, Epker BN. Respiratory implantation cyst of the mandible following orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2009;13:30-34.
  • 42. Nastri AL, Hookey SR. Respiratory epithelium in a mandibular cyst after grafting of autogenous bone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.1994;23:372–373.
  • 43. D'Souza ZI, Sattar S, Padhye M, Desai RS. Non-Surgical Ciliated Cyst of the Maxilla - An Unconventional Variant. Contemp Clin Dent. 2022;13:392-394.
  • 44. Martinelli-Kläy CP, Chatelain S, Salvado F, Lombardi T. Respiratory Epithelium Lined Cyst of the Maxilla: Differential Diagnosis. Case Rep Pathol. 2017;2017:6249649.
  • 45. Yamazaki M, Cheng J, Nomura T, Saito C, Hayashi T, Saku T. Maxillary odontogenic keratocyst with respiratory epithelium: a case report. J Oral Pathol Med. 2003;32:496-498.
  • 46. Malcić A, Jukić S, Anić I, et al. Alterations of FHIT and P53 genes in keratocystic odontogenic tumor, dentigerous and radicular cyst. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008;37:294-301.

Year 2025, Volume: 35 Issue: 3, 243 - 247, 24.07.2025

Fatma Çağlayan , Hatice Lamia Tuğluoğlu Dalcı

https://doi.org/10.17567/currresdentsci.1423562

Abstract

References

  • 1. Soluk-Tekkesin M, Wright JM. The World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Lesions: A Summary of the Changes of the 2022 (5th) Edition. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2022;38:168-184.
  • 2. Lafuente-Ibanez de Mendoza I, Fernandez-Reyes M, Fernandez-Arenas A, Aguirre-Urizar JM. Surgical ciliated cyst after a mandibular surgery: a particular case report and review of the literature. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21:633.
  • 3. Cai M, Shen G, Lu X, Wang X. Two mandibular surgical ciliated cysts after Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;53:1040-1042.
  • 4. Hayhurst DL, Moenning JE, Summerlin DJ, Bussard DA. Surgical ciliated cyst: a delayed complication in a case of maxillary orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51:705-708.
  • 5. Theofilou NE, Lombardi T, Scolozzi P. Maxillary surgical ciliated cysts following advancement Le Fort I osteotomy with concomitant autogenous bone grafting: a simple coincidence or a cause-effect relationship? J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;122:618-624.
  • 6. Ramakrishnan DS, Abdul Wahab PU, Dhasarathan P, Madhulaxmi M, Kandamani J. Surgical Ciliated Cyst of the Left Maxilla - A Case Report of Unusual Pathogenesis. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2020;10:479-483.
  • 7. Leung YY, Wong WY, Cheung LK. Surgical ciliated cysts may mimic radicular cysts or residual cysts of maxilla: report of 3 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70:e264-e269.
  • 8. Yamamoto S, Maeda K, Kouchi I, et al. Surgical Ciliated Cyst Following Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation: A Case Report. J Oral Implantol. 2017;43:360-364.
  • 9. Cordero-Garcia T, Lozano-Rosado R, Fontillon-Alberdi M, Gutierrez-Perez JL, Infante-Cossio P. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla after orthognathic surgery: A case report. Exp Ther Med. 2023;26:343.
  • 10. Cano J, Campo J, Alobera MA, Baca R. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla. Clinical case. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009;14:E361-364.
  • 11. Adachi M, Miyata Y, Ito Y. Mid-facial deformity secondary to a traumatic haemorrhage in a maxillary cyst. J Surg Case Rep. 2016;2:rjw013.
  • 12. Golaszewski J, Muñoz R, Barazarte D, Perez L. Surgical ciliated cyst after maxillary orthognathic surgery: a literature review and case report. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;23:281-284.
  • 13. Peighoun M, Samieirad S, Mohtasham N, Tohidi E, Moeini S. Surgical Ciliated Cyst of the Posterior Maxilla in an Old Male, Mimicking Residual Cyst or Odontogenic Keratocyst: A Case Report. World J Plast Surg. 2022;11:132-137.
  • 14. Toyoshima T, Tanaka H, Kitamura R, Kiyoshima T, Shiratsuchi Y, Nakamura S. Traumatic ciliated cyst derived from zygomaticomaxillary fracture: Report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2014;26:175–178
  • 15. Tanio S, Tamura T, Kasuya H, et al. Surgical ciliated cyst developing after Le Fort I osteotomy: Case report and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2019;31:410–414.
  • 16. Redman RS, Rodríguez-Feo CJ. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla: Report of two cases with striking radiological features and unusual antecedent surgical histories. Oral Maxillofac Surg Cases. 2020;6:100199.
  • 17. Fernandes KS, Gallottini MHC, Felix VB, Santos PSS, Nunes FD. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla after maxillary sinus surgery: A case report. Oral Surgery. 2013;6: 229–233.
  • 18. Koo Min Chee CA, Brierley DJ, Hunter KD, Pace C, Mckechnie AJ. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla following maxillary osteotomy: A case report. Oral Surgery. 2014;7:39–41.
  • 19. Moe JS, Magliocca KR, Steed MB. Early maxillary surgical ciliated cyst after Le Fort I untreated for 20 years. Oral Surgery. 2013;6:224–228.
  • 20. Coviello V, Zareh Dehkhargani S, Patini R, Cicconetti A. Surgical ciliated cyst 12 years after Le Fort I maxillary advancement osteotomy: a case report and review of the literature. Oral Surgery. 2017;10:165-170.
  • 21. Vieira GDS, Gonçalves SLM, de Oliveira KC, et al. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla: Report of two cases. Oral Surgery. 2022;15:340–344.
  • 22. Siwach P, Joy T, Gaikwad S, Meshram V. Postoperative maxillary cyst. Indian J Dent Res. 2020;31:157-159.
  • 23. Soares JC, Villalba NC, Sanromán JF, et al. Surgical Ciliated Cysts in Orthognathic Surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32: e2-e5.
  • 24. Lim D, Ngeow WC. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla: A rare pathology of the maxillary sinus. Arch Orofac Sci. 2017;12:1-5.
  • 25. Yang HC, Kang SH, Yoon SH, Cho HH. Transnasal endoscopic removal of bilateral postoperative maxillary cysts after aesthetic orthognathic ssurgery: Differences from that of Caldwell-Luc operations. Auris, nasus, larynx. 2018;45: 608–612.
  • 26. Pakravan A, Nafarzadeh S. Report of a case of surgical ciliated cyst in the left maxillary sinus. J Contemp Med Sci. 2017;3:234-236.
  • 27. Park WB, Lim HC. Late Developed Unusual Nasal Involvement of Postoperative Maxillary Cyst Following Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Case Report. Appl. Sci. 2021;11:10730.
  • 28. Alamri M, Violante T, Schellati N, Hinchy NV, Aguirre A. Maxillary radiolucency in a 39-year-old man. J Am Dent Assoc. 2022;S0002-8177:00689-4.
  • 29. Shakib K, McCarthy E, Walker DM, Newman L. Post operative maxillary cyst: report of an unusual presentation. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;47:419-421.
  • 30. Amin N, Pustylnik T, Jakubowski J. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla secondary to a prior sinus exposure- case report and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014;118: e188.
  • 31. Archambault K, Husain MA, Tetradis S, Mallya SM. Surgical ciliated cysts: a report of three cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017;124: e23.
  • 32. De Arruda JAA, De Araujo SQ, Da Silva TCG, Do Egito Vasconcelos BC, Da Silveira MMF, Sobral APV. Surgical ciliated cyst: A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017;124:e48.
  • 33. Silva NR, Rocha Torres OKM, Campos CM, et al. Ciliated surgical cyst: A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2020;130: e154.
  • 34. De Pinho Montovani P, De Souza Vieira G, Gonçalves SLM, De Oliveira KC, Cunha KSG, Conde DC. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla: Report of a rare late surgical complication. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2022;134:e92.
  • 35. Da Silva Leonel ACL, Bezerra HKF, Cruz VMZ, et al. Surgical ciliated cyst: A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2022; 134: E154.
  • 36. An J, Zhang Y. Surgical ciliated cyst of the medial canthal region after the management of a midfacial fracture: a case report. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25:701-702.
  • 37. Kwack DW, Yoon J, Park HS, Lee JH, Kim MY. Transoral Marsupialization of an Isolated Surgical Ciliated Cyst of the Infratemporal Fossa. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13:1825.
  • 38. Li CC, Feinerman DM, MacCarthy KD, Woo SB. Rare mandibular surgical ciliated cysts: report of two new cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72:1736-1743.
  • 39. Bourgeois SL Jr, Nelson BL. Surgical ciliated cyst of the mandible secondary to simultaneous Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty: report of case and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;100:36-39.
  • 40. Youn S, Oh HJ, Yoon HJ, Seo BM. Surgical ciliated cyst of the mandible after orthognathic surgery: a case report with review of the literature. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022;44:26.
  • 41. Ragsdale BD, Laurent JL, Janette AJ, Epker BN. Respiratory implantation cyst of the mandible following orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2009;13:30-34.
  • 42. Nastri AL, Hookey SR. Respiratory epithelium in a mandibular cyst after grafting of autogenous bone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.1994;23:372–373.
  • 43. D'Souza ZI, Sattar S, Padhye M, Desai RS. Non-Surgical Ciliated Cyst of the Maxilla - An Unconventional Variant. Contemp Clin Dent. 2022;13:392-394.
  • 44. Martinelli-Kläy CP, Chatelain S, Salvado F, Lombardi T. Respiratory Epithelium Lined Cyst of the Maxilla: Differential Diagnosis. Case Rep Pathol. 2017;2017:6249649.
  • 45. Yamazaki M, Cheng J, Nomura T, Saito C, Hayashi T, Saku T. Maxillary odontogenic keratocyst with respiratory epithelium: a case report. J Oral Pathol Med. 2003;32:496-498.
  • 46. Malcić A, Jukić S, Anić I, et al. Alterations of FHIT and P53 genes in keratocystic odontogenic tumor, dentigerous and radicular cyst. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008;37:294-301.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
Journal Section Systematic Review
Authors

Fatma Çağlayan 0000-0002-0666-8824

Hatice Lamia Tuğluoğlu Dalcı 0000-0002-3208-8364

Publication Date July 24, 2025
Submission Date January 22, 2024
Acceptance Date March 12, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 35 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Çağlayan F, Tuğluoğlu Dalcı HL. Surgical ciliated cyst of the jaws: A systematic review. Curr Res Dent Sci. July 2025;35(3):243-247. doi:10.17567/currresdentsci.1423562
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