Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu

Ali Silahtar

doi:10.21324/dacd.793810

Research Article

Assessment of Isparta Basin by Using 1D Nonlinear Site Response Analysis Approach; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Earthquake Scenario

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 226 - 239, 25.07.2021

Ali Silahtar

https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.793810

Abstract

It was known that building damage caused by earthquakes depends not only on the physical characteristics of the earthquake but also on the characteristics of the soil. This fact has determined soil response before strong ground motion is one of the main objectives of earthquake engineering and seismology. In this study, the main objective is to predict the soil response of the Isparta basin, Isparta, located in the center of one of Turkey's most important tectonic elements. It uses shear wave velocity (Vs) and borehole data at 24 points. The soil of the study area was classified as ZC and ZD soil groups according to the Turkish Building Earthquake Code-2018 (TBEC-2018) soil classification criteria, and its 1D Nonlinear site response analysis approach was carried out using the DEEPSOIL program in the study area. In the analysis, 6.9 Mw Irpinia strong ground motion record was used and the largest peak ground acceleration (Pga) and spectral acceleration (Sa) maps of the study area were created. Pga values in the study area were determined in the range of 0.28-0.41 g and Sa values in the range of 0.77-1.82 g. In addition, the coherence between 2D sections and Pga and Vs30 was examined. The obtained results were showed that the soil would significantly increase the effects of strong ground motion in the Çünür region where the city center and new settlement areas are dense.

Keywords

Site Response, Peak Ground Acceleration (Pga), 1D Nonlinear Site Response Analysis, Spectral Acceleration (Sa), Isparta

References

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Akın M.K., Kramer, S.L., Topal, T., (2016), Dynamic soil characterization and site response estimation for Erbaa, Tokat (Turkey, Natural Hazards, 82(3), 1833-1868.
Ansa A., Biro Y., Erken A., Gülerce Ü., (2004), Seismic microzonation: a case study. In Recent advances in earthquake geotechnical engineering and microzonation, 253-266ss, Springer, Dordrecht.
Ansal A.M., İyisan R., Güllü H., (2001), Microtremor measurements for the microzonation of Dinar, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 158, 2525-2541.
Arslan H., Siyahi B., (2006), A comparative study on linear and nonlinear site response analysis, Environmental geology, 50(8), 1193-1200.
Assimaki D., Kausel E., Whittle A., (2000), Model for dynamic shear modulus and damping for granular soils, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 126(10), 859-869.
Bajaj K., Anbazhagan P., (2019), Identification of shear modulus reduction and damping curve for deep and shallow sites: kik-net data, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 1-29.
Basu D., Dey A., (2016), Comparative 1D ground response analysis of homogeneous sandy stratum using Linear, Equivalent Linear and Nonlinear Masing approaches, Geotechnics for Infrastructure Development. West Bengal, India: Indian Geotechnical Society, 1-7.
Basu D., Boga M., Dey A., (2019), A time-domain nonlinear effective-stress non-Masing approach of ground response analysis of Guwahati city, India, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 18(1), 61-75.
Blumenthal M.M., (1963), Le systeme structural du Taurus sud Anatolies, Bull Soc Geol Fr In: Livre a Memoire de Professor P. Fallot. Mem Soc Geol Fr, 1(2), 611-662.
Borcherdt R.D., (1994), Estimates of site-dependent response spectra for design (methodology and justification), Earthquake spectra, 10, 617-617.
Bolisetti C., Whittaker A.S., Mason H.B., Almufti I., Willford M., (2014), Equivalent linear and nonlinear site response analysis for design and risk assessment of safety-related nuclear structures, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 275, 107-121.
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Hashash Y.M., Dashti S., Romero M.I., Ghayoomi M., Musgrove M., (2015), Evaluation of 1-D seismic site response modeling of sand using centrifuge experiments, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 78, 19-31.
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Kaklamanos J., Baise L.G., Thompson E.M., Dorfmann L., (2015), Comparison of 1D linear, equivalent-linear, and nonlinear site response models at six KiK-net validation sites, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 69, 207-219.
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Koçyiğit A., Özacar A.A., (2003), Extensional neotectonic regime through the NE edge of the Outer Isparta Angle, SW Turkey: new field and seismic data, Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 12(1), 67-90.
Kramer S.L., (1996), Geotechnical earthquake engineering, In prentice-Hall international series in civil engineering and engineering mechanics, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 273ss.
Kumar S.S., Krishna A.M., Dey A., (2014), Nonlinear site-specific ground response analysis: case study of Amingaon, Guwahati, In: 15th symposium on earthquake engineering, IIT Roorke, 308-318.
Kwok A.O., Stewart J.P., Hashash Y.M., Matasovic N., Pyke R., Wang Z., Yang Z., (2007), Use of exact solutions of wave propagation problems to guide implementation of nonlinear seismic ground response analysis procedures, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(11), 1385-1398.
Lee C.P., Tsai Y.B., Wen K.L., (2006), Analysis of nonlinear site response using the LSST downhole accelerometer array data, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 26(5), 435-460.
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Phillips C., Hashash Y.M., (2009), Damping formulation for nonlinear 1D site response analyses, Soil Dynam Earthq Eng, 29(7), 1143-58.
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Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 226 - 239, 25.07.2021

Ali Silahtar

https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.793810

Abstract

Depremlerin meydana getirdiği yapı hasarlarının sadece depremin fiziksel özelliklerinden değil aynı zamanda zeminin özelliklerine de bağlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu durum zemin tepkisinin kuvvetli yer hareketi öncesi belirlenmesini deprem mühendisliği ve sismolojinin ana hedeflerinden birisi haline getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, belirlenen 24 noktada kayma dalgası (Vs) ve sondaj verileri kullanılarak Türkiye’nin en önemli tektonik elemanlarından birinin merkezinde yer alan Isparta ovasının zemin tepkisinin öngörülmesi hedeflenmiştir. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (TBDY-2018) zemin sınıflama kriterlerine göre ZC ve ZD zemin grupları karakterize edilen çalışma alanında 1 boyutlu doğrusal olmayan zemin tepki analizi yaklaşımı DEEPSOIL programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mw:6.9 İrpinia kuvvetli yer hareketi kaydı kullanılarak yapılan çözümlemede çalışma alanının en büyük yer ivmesi (Pga) ve spektral ivme (Sa) dağılım haritası oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma alanında yüzeydeki Pga değerleri 0.28-0.41 g aralığında, maksimum Sa değerleri ise 0.77-1.82 g aralığında dağılım gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca havza içerisinde birbirine dik iki kesit üzerinde Pga ve Vs30 arasındaki uyum irdelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar şehir merkezi ve yeni yapılaşma alanlarının yoğun olduğu Çünür bölgesinde zeminin kuvvetli yer hareketinin etkilerini önemli bir şekilde arttıracağını göstermiştir.

Keywords

Zemin Tepkisi, En Büyük Yer İvmesi (Pga), 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi, Spektral İvme (Sa), Isparta

References

Akbulut A., (1980), Eğirdir Gölü güneyinde Çandır (Sütçüler-Isparta) yöresindeki Batı Torosların jeolojisi, Geological Bulletin of Turkey, 23(1), 1-9.
Akın M.K., Kramer, S.L., Topal, T., (2016), Dynamic soil characterization and site response estimation for Erbaa, Tokat (Turkey, Natural Hazards, 82(3), 1833-1868.
Ansa A., Biro Y., Erken A., Gülerce Ü., (2004), Seismic microzonation: a case study. In Recent advances in earthquake geotechnical engineering and microzonation, 253-266ss, Springer, Dordrecht.
Ansal A.M., İyisan R., Güllü H., (2001), Microtremor measurements for the microzonation of Dinar, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 158, 2525-2541.
Arslan H., Siyahi B., (2006), A comparative study on linear and nonlinear site response analysis, Environmental geology, 50(8), 1193-1200.
Assimaki D., Kausel E., Whittle A., (2000), Model for dynamic shear modulus and damping for granular soils, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 126(10), 859-869.
Bajaj K., Anbazhagan P., (2019), Identification of shear modulus reduction and damping curve for deep and shallow sites: kik-net data, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 1-29.
Basu D., Dey A., (2016), Comparative 1D ground response analysis of homogeneous sandy stratum using Linear, Equivalent Linear and Nonlinear Masing approaches, Geotechnics for Infrastructure Development. West Bengal, India: Indian Geotechnical Society, 1-7.
Basu D., Boga M., Dey A., (2019), A time-domain nonlinear effective-stress non-Masing approach of ground response analysis of Guwahati city, India, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 18(1), 61-75.
Blumenthal M.M., (1963), Le systeme structural du Taurus sud Anatolies, Bull Soc Geol Fr In: Livre a Memoire de Professor P. Fallot. Mem Soc Geol Fr, 1(2), 611-662.
Borcherdt R.D., (1994), Estimates of site-dependent response spectra for design (methodology and justification), Earthquake spectra, 10, 617-617.
Bolisetti C., Whittaker A.S., Mason H.B., Almufti I., Willford M., (2014), Equivalent linear and nonlinear site response analysis for design and risk assessment of safety-related nuclear structures, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 275, 107-121.
Coburn A.W., Spence R.J., (2002), Earthquake protection, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, England, 436ss.
Darendeli M.B. (2001), Development of a new family of normalized modulus reduction and material damping curves, Ph.D., Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 362ss.
Finn W.D.L., (1995), Ventura CE Challenging issues in local microzonation. In: 5th International Conference on Seismic Zonation, Nice, France.
Foerster E., Modaressi H., (2007), Nonlinear numerical method for earthquake site response analysis II—case studies, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 5(3), 325-345.
Gautam D., Forte G., Rodrigues H., (2016), Site effects and associated structural damage analysis in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Earthquakes and Structures, 10(5), 1013-1032.
Goto H., Sawada S., Morikawa H., Kiku H., Özalaybey S., (2005), Modeling of 3D subsurface structure and numerical simulation of strong ground motion in the Adapazari basin during the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, Turkey, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95(6), 2197-2215.
Görmüş M., Özkul M., (1995), Gönen-Atabey (Isparta) ve Ağlasun (Burdur) Arasındaki Bölgenin Stratigrafisi, Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 1, 43-64.
Görmüş M., Çoban H., Caran Ş., Uysal K., Bircan C., Tunç İ.O., (2005), Eğirdir Gölü Batısı Pliyo-Kuvaterner Sedimanları, Türkiye Kuvaterner Sempozyumu, İstanbul, 205-218.
Hardin B.O., Drnevich V.P., (1972), Shear modulus and damping in soils: design equations and curves, Journal of the Soil mechanics and Foundations Division, 98(7), 667-692.
Hasal M.E., İyisan R., (2014), A numerical study on comparison of 1D and 2D seismic responses of a basin in Turkey, American Journal of Civil Engineering, 2(5), 123-133.
Hashash Y.M., Park D., (2001), Non-linear one-dimensional seismic ground motion propagation in the Mississippi embayment, Engineering Geology, 62(1-3), 185-206.
Hashash Y.M., Phillips C., Groholski D.R., (2010), Recent advances in non-linear site response analysis, In: Proceedings of the fifth international conference on recent advances in geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil Dynamics, San Diego, California, 1-22.
Hashash Y.M., Dashti S., Romero M.I., Ghayoomi M., Musgrove M., (2015), Evaluation of 1-D seismic site response modeling of sand using centrifuge experiments, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 78, 19-31.
Hashash Y.M.A., Musgrove M.I., Harmon J.A., Ilhan O., Groholski D.R., Phillips C.A., Park D., (2017), DEEPSOIL 7.0, User Manual.
Hosseini S.M.M.M., Pajouh M.A., (2012), Comparative study on the equivalent linear and the fully nonlinear site response analysis approaches. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 5(4), 587-597.
Işık N.S., (2010), Assessment of the site amplifications and predominant site periods for Saruhanlı, in an earthquake-prone region of Turkey, Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment, 69(2), 309-319.
Kaklamanos J., Baise L.G., Thompson E.M., Dorfmann L., (2015), Comparison of 1D linear, equivalent-linear, and nonlinear site response models at six KiK-net validation sites, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 69, 207-219.
Kanlı A.İ., Tildy P., Prónay Z., Pınar A., Hermann L., (2006), Vs30 mapping and soil classification for seismic site effect evaluation in Dinar region, SW Turkey, Geophysical Journal International, 165(1), 223-235.
Karaman M.E., Meriç E., Tansel İ., (1988), Çünür (Isparta) dolaylarında Kretase-Tersiyer geçişi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Isparta Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 4, 80-100.
Kazancı N., Karaman M.E., (1988), Gölcük (Isparta) Pliyosen volkanoklastiklerinin sedimenter özellikleri ve depolanma mekanızmaları, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Isparta Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 4, 16-35.
Kazancı N., (1990), Fan-delta sequences in the Pleistocene and Holocene Burdur Basin, Turkey: the role of basin-margin conﬁguration in sediment entrapment and differential facies development, Coarse grained deltas, 185-198.
Khanbabazadeh H., İyisan R., Ansal A., Hasal M.E., (2016), 2D non-linear seismic response of the Dinar basin, TURKEY, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 89, 5-11.
Koçyiğit A., Özacar A.A., (2003), Extensional neotectonic regime through the NE edge of the Outer Isparta Angle, SW Turkey: new field and seismic data, Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 12(1), 67-90.
Kramer S.L., (1996), Geotechnical earthquake engineering, In prentice-Hall international series in civil engineering and engineering mechanics, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 273ss.
Kumar S.S., Krishna A.M., Dey A., (2014), Nonlinear site-specific ground response analysis: case study of Amingaon, Guwahati, In: 15th symposium on earthquake engineering, IIT Roorke, 308-318.
Kwok A.O., Stewart J.P., Hashash Y.M., Matasovic N., Pyke R., Wang Z., Yang Z., (2007), Use of exact solutions of wave propagation problems to guide implementation of nonlinear seismic ground response analysis procedures, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(11), 1385-1398.
Lee C.P., Tsai Y.B., Wen K.L., (2006), Analysis of nonlinear site response using the LSST downhole accelerometer array data, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 26(5), 435-460.
Louie J.N., (2001), Faster, better: shear-wave velocity to 100 meters depth from refraction microtremor arrays, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91(2), 347-364.
Louie J.N., Pancha A., Pullammanappallil S., (2017), Applications of Refraction Microtremor Done Right, and Pitfalls of Microtremor Arrays Done Wrong, 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Santiago Chile, Paper No: 4947.
Matasovic N., (1993), Seismic response of composite horizontally-layered soil deposits, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of civil engineering, University of California at Los Ang.
Menq F.Y., (2003), Dynamic properties of sandy and gravelly soils, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas, Austin.
Özel O., Sasatani T., (2004), A site effect study of the Adapazari basin, Turkey, from strong and weak-motion data, J Seismol 8(4), 559-572.
Park D., Hashash Y.M., (2008), Rate-dependent soil behavior in seismic site response analysis, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45(4), 454-469.
Phillips C., Hashash Y.M., (2009), Damping formulation for nonlinear 1D site response analyses, Soil Dynam Earthq Eng, 29(7), 1143-58.
Poisson A., Yağmurlu F., Bozcu M., Şentürk M., (2003), New insights on the tectonic setting and evolution around the apex of the Isparta Angle (SW Turkey), Geological Journal, 38(3-4), 257-282.
Rayhani M.H.T., El Naggar M.H., Tabatabaei S.H., (2008), Nonlinear analysis of local site effects on seismic ground response in the Bam earthquak, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 26(1), 91-100.
Régnier J., Bonilla L.F., Bard P.Y., Bertrand E. et al., (2016), International benchmark on numerical simulations for 1D, nonlinear site response (PRENOLIN): Verification phase based on canonical cases, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 106(5), 2112-2135.
Régnier J., Bonilla L.F., Bard P.Y., Bertrand E. et al., (2018), PRENOLIN: International Benchmark on 1D Nonlinear Site‐Response Analysis-Validation Phase ExercisePRENOLIN: International Benchmark on 1D Nonlinear Site‐Response Analysis-Validation Phase Exercise, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 108(2), 876-900.
Robertson P.K., Woeller D.J. Finn W.D.L., (1992), Seismic cone penetration test for evaluating liquefaction potential under cyclic loading, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 29(4), 686-695.
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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Ali Silahtar 0000-0002-7259-4560
Publication Date	July 25, 2021
Submission Date	September 11, 2020
Acceptance Date	February 28, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Silahtar, A. (2021). Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, 7(2), 226-239. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.793810
AMA	Silahtar A. Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu. J Nat Haz Environ. July 2021;7(2):226-239. doi:10.21324/dacd.793810
Chicago	Silahtar, Ali. “Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi Ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi 7, no. 2 (July 2021): 226-39. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.793810.
EndNote	Silahtar A (July 1, 2021) Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 7 2 226–239.
IEEE	A. Silahtar, “Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu”, J Nat Haz Environ, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 226–239, 2021, doi: 10.21324/dacd.793810.
ISNAD	Silahtar, Ali. “Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi Ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu”. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 7/2 (July 2021), 226-239. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.793810.
JAMA	Silahtar A. Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu. J Nat Haz Environ. 2021;7:226–239.
MLA	Silahtar, Ali. “Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi Ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 2, 2021, pp. 226-39, doi:10.21324/dacd.793810.
Vancouver	Silahtar A. Isparta Havzasının 1D Doğrusal Olmayan Zemin Tepki Analizi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi; 1914 Burdur (Ms: 7.0) Deprem Senaryosu. J Nat Haz Environ. 2021;7(2):226-39.

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