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Baraj Yıkılması Sonucu Oluşan Taşkının İncelenmesi: Darlık Barajı Örneği

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 49 - 67, 28.01.2024

Ezgi Selen Tilav , Sezar Gülbaz

https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1327805
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Barajlar ihtiyacımız olan içme ve kullanma sularının düzenli olarak karşılanmasında, enerji ihtiyacının sağlanmasında, yerleşim alanlarının sel baskınlarına karşı korunmasında, rekreasyon alanlarının oluşturulmasında büyük öneme sahip mühendislik yapılarıdır. Sağladığı birçok fayda olmasına rağmen bu yapılarda oluşan hasarların, mansabında yer alan yerleşim alanları için ciddi afet riski oluşturduğu bilinmektedir. Ayrıca, eskimekte olan mevcut barajlarımız ve bunlara ek olarak her geçen gün artan barajlarımız, özellikle mansabında yerleşim alanları artan bölgelerde afet riskini daha da artırmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında çalışma alanı olarak, İstanbul’da yer alan ve mansabında yoğun yerleşim alanı bulunan Darlık Barajı seçilmiştir. Darlık Barajı mansabında baraj yıkılma simülasyonu yapılmış ve taşkın dalgasının etkiyeceği alanlar belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, yetkili kurumlar tarafından önlem alınması gereken alanların tespit edilmesine, baraj yıkılması sonucu oluşacak felaketlerin önlenmesine veya azaltılmasına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Darlık Barajına ait yıkılma analizleri HEC-RAS programı kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Baraj gediklenme senaryosuna uygun olarak gediklenme parametreleri HEC-RAS programına tanımlanmış ve baraj yıkılması taşkın analizi 2 boyutlu olarak modellenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında olası baraj yıkılması durumunda meydana gelecek taşkın debisi, su hızı ve su derinliği hesaplanmıştır. Taşkın yayılım, derinlik ve hız haritaları elde edilmiştir. Taşkın yayılım alanları incelenerek taşkın tehlike haritaları çıkarılmış ve oluşması muhtemel taşkın dalgasının tehlike boyutu belirlenmiştir. Son olarak ise taşkın yayılım alanında kalan binalarda zarar hesabı yapılmış, zarar yüzdesi ve risk haritaları elde edilmiştir. Zarar hesabı sonuçlarına göre yaklaşık 3043 binanın hasar gördüğü gözlenmiştir. Zarar yüzdeleri taşkın yayılım alanı üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Taşkından etkilenen tüm binaların %80.05’inin çok yüksek riskli sınıfta olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Daha sonraki aşamada taşkın yayılım alanında kalan her bir bina risk sınıfına göre işaretlenmiş, risk haritalarında gösterilmiş ve çalışma kapsamında sunulmuştur.

Keywords

Baraj Yıkılması HEC-RAS Darlık Barajı Taşkın Yayılım Haritası ve Taşkın Risk Haritası

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Investigation of Flooding due to Dam Failure: A Case Study of Darlık Dam

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 49 - 67, 28.01.2024

Ezgi Selen Tilav , Sezar Gülbaz

https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1327805
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Dams are engineering structures that are of great importance in regularly meeting the drinking and utility water that we need, providing electrical energy needs, protecting residential areas against floods, and creating recreation areas. Although dams have many benefits, it is known that the damages in these structures poses serious disaster risk for the settlement areas located downstream. In addition, our existing dams, which are aging, and in addition to these, our dams that are increasing day by day, increase the disaster risk even more, especially in areas with increasing residential areas downstream. In this study, Darlık Dam, which is located in Istanbul and has a dense residential area on its downstream, was selected as the study area. Dam failure simulation was developed at the downstream of Darlık Dam and the areas that would be affected by the flood wave were observed. In this context, it is aimed to contribute to the determination of the areas where measures should be taken by the authorized institutions and to the prevention or reduction of the disasters that will occur due to dam failure. Failure analyzes of Darlık dam were generated by using HEC-RAS program. In accordance with the dam breach scenario, the breach parameters were defined into the HEC-RAS program and the dam failure flood analysis was modelled in two dimensions. Within the scope of the study, flood flow, water velocity and water depth were calculated in case of possible dam failure. Flood inundation, depth and velocity maps were obtained. Flood hazard areas was created and possible flood wave’s hazard ratio was determined by observing flood inundation areas. Finally, damage of buildings in flood wave areas was calculated and damage ratio and risk maps were obtained. According to the result of damage calculation, it was observed that approximately 3043 buildings were damaged. The damage ratio was shown on the flood inundation areas. It was concluded that %80.05 of all buildings affected by the flood are in the very high risk class. In the next stage, each building in the flood inundation areas was marked according to its risk class, shown in risk maps and presented within the scope of the study.

Keywords

Dam Failure HEC-RAS Darlık Dam Flood Inundation Map and Flood Risk Map

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There are 64 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Civil Engineering (Other), Hydrology (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ezgi Selen Tilav 0000-0002-5739-3867

Sezar Gülbaz 0000-0002-2274-6896

Publication Date January 28, 2024
Submission Date July 15, 2023
Acceptance Date October 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tilav, E. S., & Gülbaz, S. (2024). Baraj Yıkılması Sonucu Oluşan Taşkının İncelenmesi: Darlık Barajı Örneği. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, 10(1), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1327805
AMA Tilav ES, Gülbaz S. Baraj Yıkılması Sonucu Oluşan Taşkının İncelenmesi: Darlık Barajı Örneği. J Nat Haz Environ. January 2024;10(1):49-67. doi:10.21324/dacd.1327805
Chicago Tilav, Ezgi Selen, and Sezar Gülbaz. “Baraj Yıkılması Sonucu Oluşan Taşkının İncelenmesi: Darlık Barajı Örneği”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi 10, no. 1 (January 2024): 49-67. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1327805.
EndNote Tilav ES, Gülbaz S (January 1, 2024) Baraj Yıkılması Sonucu Oluşan Taşkının İncelenmesi: Darlık Barajı Örneği. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 10 1 49–67.
IEEE E. S. Tilav and S. Gülbaz, “Baraj Yıkılması Sonucu Oluşan Taşkının İncelenmesi: Darlık Barajı Örneği”, J Nat Haz Environ, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 49–67, 2024, doi: 10.21324/dacd.1327805.
ISNAD Tilav, Ezgi Selen - Gülbaz, Sezar. “Baraj Yıkılması Sonucu Oluşan Taşkının İncelenmesi: Darlık Barajı Örneği”. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 10/1 (January 2024), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1327805.
JAMA Tilav ES, Gülbaz S. Baraj Yıkılması Sonucu Oluşan Taşkının İncelenmesi: Darlık Barajı Örneği. J Nat Haz Environ. 2024;10:49–67.
MLA Tilav, Ezgi Selen and Sezar Gülbaz. “Baraj Yıkılması Sonucu Oluşan Taşkının İncelenmesi: Darlık Barajı Örneği”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 1, 2024, pp. 49-67, doi:10.21324/dacd.1327805.
Vancouver Tilav ES, Gülbaz S. Baraj Yıkılması Sonucu Oluşan Taşkının İncelenmesi: Darlık Barajı Örneği. J Nat Haz Environ. 2024;10(1):49-67.

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