Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 198 - 226, 29.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1557846

Abstract

Kolektif narsisizm, bir grubun üyelerinin kendi gruplarının mükemmel olduğuna fakat diğer diğer gruplar tarafından yeterince takdir edilmediğine ilişkin inançlarını yansıtmaktadır. Son yıllardaki çalışmalar kolektif narsisizmin grup içi ve gruplar arası ilişkilerin yanı sıra siyaset psikolojisi alanında da istenir olmayan etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Mevcut çalışmada Kolektif Narsisizm Ölçeği’nin uzun ve kısa formlarını (Golec de Zavala ve ark., 2009) Türkçeye uyarlamak ve psikometrik özelliklerini değerlendirmek amacıyla iki örnekleme (nÖrneklem-1 = 231, nÖrneklem-2 = 495) ulaşılmıştır. Ölçeğin yakınsak geçerliğini test etmek amacıyla Örneklem-1’deki katılımcılara Sosyal Kimlik; Örneklem-2’deki katılımcılara ise Kör Vatanseverlik, Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi ve Sağ Kanat Yetkecilik Ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin yordayıcı geçerliği ise Örneklem-1’de Sembolik Önyargılar, Örneklem-2 de ise Tehdit Ölçeği ile test edilmiştir. Ölçeğin hem uzun (Örneklem-1) hem de kısa formu (Örneklem-2) için yüksek iç tutarlık katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ölçeğin iki formunun da tek faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiğine işaret etmektedir. Kolektif narsisizm yakınsak geçerlik kapsamında ölçülen değişkenlerle pozitif yönde ilişkiler göstermiştir. Kolektif narsisizm yordayıcı geçerlik bağlamında ölçülen değişkenleri ise diğer araştırma değişkenlerindan bağımsız olarak yordamıştır. Bu bulgular doğrultusunda, Kolektif Narsisizm Ölçeği’nin Türkiye örnekleminde de kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Makalede yer alan araştırmalar Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu tarafından değerlendirilmiş ve etik açıdan uygun oldukları kararı verilmiştir (tarih: 22.03.2023, protokol no: 230036/karar no: 42). Katılımcılardan bilgilendirilmiş onam formu alınmıştır.

References

  • Adorno, T. (1998). Critical models: Interventions and catchwords. Columbia University Press. (Orijinal eserin yayın tarihi: 1963).
  • Altemeyer, B. (1998). The other “authoritarian” personality. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 47–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.27.3.117
  • Awang, Z. (2012). Research methodology and data analysis. Universiti Teknologi MARA Publication Centre.
  • Bagci, S. C., Acar, B., Eryuksel, E., ve Ustun, E. G. (2022). Collective narcissism and ingroup satisfaction in relation to collective action tendencies: The case of LGBTI individuals in Turkey. TPM-Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 29(1), 23–38. https://dx.doi.org/10.4473/TPM29.1.3
  • Bagci, S. C., Stathi, S. ve Golec de Zavala, A. (2023). Social identity threat across group status: Links to psychological well-being and intergroup bias through collective narcissism and ingroup satisfaction. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 29(2), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000509
  • Balaban, Ç. D. (2013). The roles of intergroup threat, social dominance orientation and righ wing authoritarianism in predicting Turks’ prejudice toward Kurds. [Yayınlanmamış Master Tezi]. Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Biddlestone, M., Cichocka, A., Główczewski, M. ve Cislak, A. (2022). Their own worst enemy? Collective narcissists are willing to conspire against their in-group. British Journal of Psychology, 113(4), 894–916. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12569
  • Bocian, K., Cichocka, A. ve Wojciszke, B. (2021). Moral tribalism: Moral judgments of actions supporting ingroup interests depend on collective narcissism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104098
  • Brewer, M. B. (1999). The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love and outgroup hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55(3), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00126
  • Brown, R. (2000). Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(6), 745–778. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0992(200011/12)30:6<745::AID-EJSP24>3.0.CO;2-O
  • Brown, T. (2006). Confırmatory factor analysis for applied research. The Guilford Press.
  • Byrne, B. M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS EQS/Windows: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Cai, H. ve Gries, P. (2013). National narcissism: International dimensions and international correlates. PsyCH Journal, 2(2), 122–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.26
  • Cameron, J. E. (2004). A three-factor model of social identity. Self and Identity, 3(3), 239–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000047
  • Cevizoğlu, M. H. (2018). Benlik, intihar ve kolektif narsisizm bağlamında kitle psikolojisi [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi.
  • Cichocka, A. (2016). Understanding defensive and secure in-group positivity: The role of collective narcissism. European Review of Social Psychology, 27(1), 283–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2016.1252530
  • Cichocka, A., Cislak, A., Gronfeldt, B. ve Wojcik, A. D. (2022a). Can ingroup love harm the ingroup? Collective narcissism and objectification of ingroup members. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 25(7), 1718-1738. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684302211038058
  • Cichocka, A., Golec de Zavala, A., Marchlewska, M., Bilewicz, M., Jaworska, M. ve Olechowski, M. (2018). Personal control decreases narcissistic but increases non-narcissistic in-group positivity. Journal of Personality, 86(3), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12328
  • Cichocka, A., Marchlewska, M., Golec de Zavala, A. ve Olechowski, M. (2016). ‘They will not control us’: Ingroup positivity and belief in intergroup conspiracies. British Journal of Psychology, 107(3), 556– 576. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12158
  • Cichocka, A., Bocian, K., Winiewski, M. ve Azevedo, F. (2022b). “Not Racist, But...”: Beliefs about immigration restrictions, collective narcissism, and justification of ethnic extremism. Political Psychology , 43(6), 1217–1234. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12813
  • Cingöz-Ulu, B. (2008). Structure of Turkish national identity and attitudes towards ethno-cultural groups in Turkey. [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. University of York.
  • Cislak, A. ve Cichocka, A. (2023). National narcissism in politics and public understanding of science. Nature Reviews Psychology, 2(12), 740–750. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-023-00240-6
  • Cislak, A., Wojcik, A. D. ve Cichocka, A. (2018). Cutting the forest down to save your face: Narcissistic national identification predicts support for anti-conservation policies. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 59, 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.08.009
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2. Baskı). New York: Routledge.
  • Dyduch-Hazar, K., Mroziński, B. ve Golec de Zavala, A. (2019). Collective narcissism and in-group satisfaction predict opposite attitudes toward refugees via attribution of hostility. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01901
  • Eker, İ. (2023). Kolektif narsisizmin siyaset psikolojisi açısından çıktıları üzerine bir derleme. Nesne, 11(28), 310–323. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-11-28-08
  • Eker, I., Cichocka, A. ve Sibley, C. G. (2023). Investigating motivations underlying collective narcissism and in-group identification. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 26(3), 669–695. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684302221081470
  • Ellemers, N., Kortekaas, P. ve Ouwerkerk, J. W. (1999). Self-categorisation, commitment to the group and group self-esteem as related but distinct aspects of social identity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(2-3), 371–389. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)10990992(199903/05)29:2/3<371::AID-EJSP932>3.0.CO;2-U
  • Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
  • Federico, C. M., Golec De Zavala, A. ve Bu, W. (2023). Collective narcissism as a basis for nationalism. Political Psychology, 44(1), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12833
  • Fromm, E. (1973). The anatomy of human destructiveness. Pimlico/Random House.
  • Golec de Zavala, A. G. ve Cichocka, A. (2012). Collective narcissism and anti-Semitism in Poland. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 15(2), 213–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430211420891
  • Golec de Zavala, A. ve Schatz, R. T. (2013). Extreme forms of ingroup positivity and their negative consequences for intergroup relations. A. Golec de Zavala, ve A. Cichocka, A. (Ed.), Social psychology of social problems: The intergroup context içinde (ss. 203–208). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Cichocka, A. ve Bilewicz, M. (2013b). The paradox of in-group love: Differentiating collective narcissism advances understanding of the relationship between in-group and out-group attitudes. Journal of Personality, 81(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00779.x
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Cichocka, A. ve Iskra-Golec, I. (2013a). Collective narcissism moderates the effect of in-group image threat on intergroup hostility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(6), 1019–1039. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032215
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Cichocka, A., Eidelson, R. ve Jayawickreme, N. (2009). Collective Narcissism and its social consequences. Journal of personality and social psychology, 97(6), 1074–1096. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016904
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Dyduch‐Hazar, K. ve Lantos, D. (2019). Collective narcissism: Political consequences of investing self‐worth in the ingroup’s image. Political Psychology, 40(Suppl 1), 37–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12569
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Federico, C. M., Sedikides, C., Guerra, R., Lantos, D., Mroziński, B., Cypryańska, M. ve Baran, T. (2020). Low self-esteem predicts out-group derogation via collective narcissism, but this relationship is obscured by in-group satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(3), 741–764. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000260
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Guerra, R. ve Simão, C. (2017). The relationship between the Brexit vote and individual predictors of prejudice: Collective narcissism, right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02023
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Peker, M., Guerra, R. ve Baran, T. (2016). Collective narcissism predicts hypersensitivity to in-group insult and direct and indirect retaliatory intergroup hostility. European Journal of Personality, 30(6), 532–551. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2067
  • Górska P., Stefaniak A., Malinowska K., Lipowska K., Marchlewska M., Budziszewska M. ve Maciantowicz O. (2020). Too great to act in solidarity: The negative relationship between collective narcissism and solidarity-based collective action. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(3), 561–578. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2638
  • Gries, P., Sanders, M.A., Stroup, D. R. ve Cai H. (2015). Hollywood in China: How American popular culture shapes Chinese views of the “beautiful imperialist” – An experimental analysis. The China Quarterly, 224, 1070-1082. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741015000831
  • Gronfeldt, B., Cislak, A., Sternisko, A., Eker, I. & Cichocka, A., (2023). A small price to pay: National narcissism predicts readiness to sacrifice of in-group members to defend the in-group image. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 49(4), 612–626. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221074790
  • Guerra, R., Bierwiaczonek, K., Ferreira, M., Golec de Zavala, A., Abakoumkin, G., Wildschut, T. ve Sedikides, C. (2022). An intergroup approach to collective narcissism: Intergroup threats and hostility in four European Union countries. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 25(2), 415–433. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430220972178
  • Güldü, Ö. (2011). Sağ kanat yetkecilik ölçeği: Uyarlama Çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(2), 27–51. https://doi.org/10.1501/sbeder_0000000033
  • Hamer, K., Penczek, M. ve Bilewicz, M. (2018). Between universalistic and defensive forms of group attachment. The indirect effects of national identification on intergroup forgiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 131, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.052
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Karaçanta, H. (2002). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal baskınlık yönelimi ve bazı değişkenler açısından karşılaştırılması. [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Kaval, C. (2021). Predictors of competitive victimhood beliefs in Turkey’s conflict: Turkish and Kurdish intergroup context [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Sabancı Üniversitesi.
  • Kosterman, R. ve Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10(2), 257–274. https://doi.org/10.2307/3791647
  • Lantos, D. ve Forgas, J. P. (2021). The role of collective narcissism in populist attitudes and the collapse of democracy in Hungary. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 5(2), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts5.80
  • Larkin, B. ve Fink, J. S. (2019). Toward a better understanding of fan aggression and dysfunction: The moderating role of collective narcissism. Journal of Sport Management, 33(2), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0012
  • Leach, C. W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L. W., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B., Ouwerkerk, J. W. ve Spears, R. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 144–165. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.144
  • Lyons, P. A., Kenworthy, J. B. ve Popan, J. R. (2010). Ingroup identification and group-level narcissism as predictors of U.S. citizens’ attitudes and behavior toward Arab immigrants. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(9), 1267–1280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210380604
  • Marchlewska, M., Cichocka, A., Jaworska, M., Golec de Zavala, A. & Bilewicz, M. (2020). Superficial ingroup love? Collective narcissism predicts ingroup image defense, outgroup prejudice, and lower ingroup loyalty. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59(4), 857–875. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12367
  • Marchlewska, M., Cichocka, A., Panayiotou, O., Castellanos, K. ve Batayneh, J. (2018). Populism as identity politics. Perceived in-group disadvantage, collective narcissism, and support for populism. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 9(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617732393
  • Marchlewska, M., Górska, P., Green, R., Szczepańska, D., Rogoza, M., Molenda, Z. ve Michalski, P. (2024). From individual anxiety to collective narcissism? Adult attachment styles and different types of national commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 50(4), 495–515. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221139072
  • Marchlewska, M., Górska, P., Malinowska, K. ve Jarosław, K. (2022). Threatened masculinity: Gender-related collective narcissism predicts prejudice toward gay and lesbian people among heterosexual men in Poland. Journal of Homosexuality, 69(7), 1222–1237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2021.1907067
  • McConahay, J. B., Hardee, B. B. ve Batts, V. (1981). Has racism declined in America? It depends on who is asking and what is asked. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 25(4), 563-579. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200278102500401
  • Muthén, L. K. ve Muthén, B. O. (1998-2017). Mplus: Statistical analysis with latent Variables: User’s Guide (Version 8). Muthén & Muthén Nunnally, J. C. & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3. Baskı). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M. ve Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741–763. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.741
  • Raskin, R. ve Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 890–902. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890
  • Roccas, S., Klar, Y. ve Liviatan, I. (2006). The paradox of group-based guilt: Modes of national identification, conflict vehemence, and reactions to the in-group's moral violations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(4), 698–711. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.698
  • Schatz, R. T., Staub, E. ve Lavine, H. (1999). On the varieties of national attachment: Blind versus constructive patriotism. Political Psychology, 20(1), 151–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00140
  • Sedikides, C. (2021). In search of Narcissus. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(1), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.10.010
  • Sidanius, J. ve Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175043
  • Steiger, J. H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017
  • Stephan, W. G., Ybarra, O. ve Bachman, G. (1999). Prejudice toward immigrants: An integrated threat theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(11), 2221-2237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00107.x
  • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories—Studies in social psychology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Tajfel, H. ve Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. W. G. Austin ve S. Worchel (Ed.), The social psychology of intergroup relations içinde (ss. 33-44). Brooks/Cole.
  • Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social-cognitive theory of group behavior. E. J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes: Theory and research içinde (ss. 77-122). JAI Press.
  • Yazıcı, S. ve Yazıcı, F. (2010). Yurtseverlik tutum ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7, 902-917.

ADAPTATION OF THE COLLECTIVE NARCISSISM SCALE INTO TURKISH

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 198 - 226, 29.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1557846

Abstract

Collective narcissism reflects a conviction that one’s in-group is great, yet underappreciated by other groups. Recent research have demonstrated that collective narcissism has undesired concomitants regarding intra and inter-group relations as well as political psychology. In the current study, we recruited two samples (nSample-1 = 231, nSample-2 = 495) to adapt the short and long forms of the Collective Narcissism Scale (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009) in Turkish and evaluate their psychometric properties. To test the convergent validity of the scale, we administered the Social Identification measure in Sample-1, and measures of Blind Patriotism, Social Dominance Orientation, and Right-wing Authoritarianism in Sample-2. Predictive validity of the scale was tested with the measures of Symbolic Prejudice (Sample-1) and Threat (Sample-2). Both long (Sample-1) and short forms (Sample-2) of the scale had high internal consistency coefficients. Confirmatory factor analyses yielded a one-factor solution for both forms of the scale. Collective narcissism was positively associated with all the variables that were measured regarding convergent validity. Collective narcissism also predicted the variables that were assessed in the context of predictive validity, independently of the other variables in the research. Therefore, we conclude that the Collective Narcissism Scale is a reliable and valid measurement tool that can be used with samples coming from Turkey.

References

  • Adorno, T. (1998). Critical models: Interventions and catchwords. Columbia University Press. (Orijinal eserin yayın tarihi: 1963).
  • Altemeyer, B. (1998). The other “authoritarian” personality. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 47–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.27.3.117
  • Awang, Z. (2012). Research methodology and data analysis. Universiti Teknologi MARA Publication Centre.
  • Bagci, S. C., Acar, B., Eryuksel, E., ve Ustun, E. G. (2022). Collective narcissism and ingroup satisfaction in relation to collective action tendencies: The case of LGBTI individuals in Turkey. TPM-Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 29(1), 23–38. https://dx.doi.org/10.4473/TPM29.1.3
  • Bagci, S. C., Stathi, S. ve Golec de Zavala, A. (2023). Social identity threat across group status: Links to psychological well-being and intergroup bias through collective narcissism and ingroup satisfaction. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 29(2), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000509
  • Balaban, Ç. D. (2013). The roles of intergroup threat, social dominance orientation and righ wing authoritarianism in predicting Turks’ prejudice toward Kurds. [Yayınlanmamış Master Tezi]. Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Biddlestone, M., Cichocka, A., Główczewski, M. ve Cislak, A. (2022). Their own worst enemy? Collective narcissists are willing to conspire against their in-group. British Journal of Psychology, 113(4), 894–916. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12569
  • Bocian, K., Cichocka, A. ve Wojciszke, B. (2021). Moral tribalism: Moral judgments of actions supporting ingroup interests depend on collective narcissism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104098
  • Brewer, M. B. (1999). The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love and outgroup hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55(3), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00126
  • Brown, R. (2000). Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(6), 745–778. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0992(200011/12)30:6<745::AID-EJSP24>3.0.CO;2-O
  • Brown, T. (2006). Confırmatory factor analysis for applied research. The Guilford Press.
  • Byrne, B. M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS EQS/Windows: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Cai, H. ve Gries, P. (2013). National narcissism: International dimensions and international correlates. PsyCH Journal, 2(2), 122–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.26
  • Cameron, J. E. (2004). A three-factor model of social identity. Self and Identity, 3(3), 239–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000047
  • Cevizoğlu, M. H. (2018). Benlik, intihar ve kolektif narsisizm bağlamında kitle psikolojisi [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi.
  • Cichocka, A. (2016). Understanding defensive and secure in-group positivity: The role of collective narcissism. European Review of Social Psychology, 27(1), 283–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2016.1252530
  • Cichocka, A., Cislak, A., Gronfeldt, B. ve Wojcik, A. D. (2022a). Can ingroup love harm the ingroup? Collective narcissism and objectification of ingroup members. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 25(7), 1718-1738. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684302211038058
  • Cichocka, A., Golec de Zavala, A., Marchlewska, M., Bilewicz, M., Jaworska, M. ve Olechowski, M. (2018). Personal control decreases narcissistic but increases non-narcissistic in-group positivity. Journal of Personality, 86(3), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12328
  • Cichocka, A., Marchlewska, M., Golec de Zavala, A. ve Olechowski, M. (2016). ‘They will not control us’: Ingroup positivity and belief in intergroup conspiracies. British Journal of Psychology, 107(3), 556– 576. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12158
  • Cichocka, A., Bocian, K., Winiewski, M. ve Azevedo, F. (2022b). “Not Racist, But...”: Beliefs about immigration restrictions, collective narcissism, and justification of ethnic extremism. Political Psychology , 43(6), 1217–1234. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12813
  • Cingöz-Ulu, B. (2008). Structure of Turkish national identity and attitudes towards ethno-cultural groups in Turkey. [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. University of York.
  • Cislak, A. ve Cichocka, A. (2023). National narcissism in politics and public understanding of science. Nature Reviews Psychology, 2(12), 740–750. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-023-00240-6
  • Cislak, A., Wojcik, A. D. ve Cichocka, A. (2018). Cutting the forest down to save your face: Narcissistic national identification predicts support for anti-conservation policies. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 59, 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.08.009
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2. Baskı). New York: Routledge.
  • Dyduch-Hazar, K., Mroziński, B. ve Golec de Zavala, A. (2019). Collective narcissism and in-group satisfaction predict opposite attitudes toward refugees via attribution of hostility. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01901
  • Eker, İ. (2023). Kolektif narsisizmin siyaset psikolojisi açısından çıktıları üzerine bir derleme. Nesne, 11(28), 310–323. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-11-28-08
  • Eker, I., Cichocka, A. ve Sibley, C. G. (2023). Investigating motivations underlying collective narcissism and in-group identification. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 26(3), 669–695. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684302221081470
  • Ellemers, N., Kortekaas, P. ve Ouwerkerk, J. W. (1999). Self-categorisation, commitment to the group and group self-esteem as related but distinct aspects of social identity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(2-3), 371–389. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)10990992(199903/05)29:2/3<371::AID-EJSP932>3.0.CO;2-U
  • Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
  • Federico, C. M., Golec De Zavala, A. ve Bu, W. (2023). Collective narcissism as a basis for nationalism. Political Psychology, 44(1), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12833
  • Fromm, E. (1973). The anatomy of human destructiveness. Pimlico/Random House.
  • Golec de Zavala, A. G. ve Cichocka, A. (2012). Collective narcissism and anti-Semitism in Poland. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 15(2), 213–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430211420891
  • Golec de Zavala, A. ve Schatz, R. T. (2013). Extreme forms of ingroup positivity and their negative consequences for intergroup relations. A. Golec de Zavala, ve A. Cichocka, A. (Ed.), Social psychology of social problems: The intergroup context içinde (ss. 203–208). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Cichocka, A. ve Bilewicz, M. (2013b). The paradox of in-group love: Differentiating collective narcissism advances understanding of the relationship between in-group and out-group attitudes. Journal of Personality, 81(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00779.x
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Cichocka, A. ve Iskra-Golec, I. (2013a). Collective narcissism moderates the effect of in-group image threat on intergroup hostility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(6), 1019–1039. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032215
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Cichocka, A., Eidelson, R. ve Jayawickreme, N. (2009). Collective Narcissism and its social consequences. Journal of personality and social psychology, 97(6), 1074–1096. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016904
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Dyduch‐Hazar, K. ve Lantos, D. (2019). Collective narcissism: Political consequences of investing self‐worth in the ingroup’s image. Political Psychology, 40(Suppl 1), 37–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12569
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Federico, C. M., Sedikides, C., Guerra, R., Lantos, D., Mroziński, B., Cypryańska, M. ve Baran, T. (2020). Low self-esteem predicts out-group derogation via collective narcissism, but this relationship is obscured by in-group satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(3), 741–764. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000260
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Guerra, R. ve Simão, C. (2017). The relationship between the Brexit vote and individual predictors of prejudice: Collective narcissism, right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02023
  • Golec de Zavala, A., Peker, M., Guerra, R. ve Baran, T. (2016). Collective narcissism predicts hypersensitivity to in-group insult and direct and indirect retaliatory intergroup hostility. European Journal of Personality, 30(6), 532–551. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2067
  • Górska P., Stefaniak A., Malinowska K., Lipowska K., Marchlewska M., Budziszewska M. ve Maciantowicz O. (2020). Too great to act in solidarity: The negative relationship between collective narcissism and solidarity-based collective action. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(3), 561–578. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2638
  • Gries, P., Sanders, M.A., Stroup, D. R. ve Cai H. (2015). Hollywood in China: How American popular culture shapes Chinese views of the “beautiful imperialist” – An experimental analysis. The China Quarterly, 224, 1070-1082. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741015000831
  • Gronfeldt, B., Cislak, A., Sternisko, A., Eker, I. & Cichocka, A., (2023). A small price to pay: National narcissism predicts readiness to sacrifice of in-group members to defend the in-group image. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 49(4), 612–626. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221074790
  • Guerra, R., Bierwiaczonek, K., Ferreira, M., Golec de Zavala, A., Abakoumkin, G., Wildschut, T. ve Sedikides, C. (2022). An intergroup approach to collective narcissism: Intergroup threats and hostility in four European Union countries. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 25(2), 415–433. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430220972178
  • Güldü, Ö. (2011). Sağ kanat yetkecilik ölçeği: Uyarlama Çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(2), 27–51. https://doi.org/10.1501/sbeder_0000000033
  • Hamer, K., Penczek, M. ve Bilewicz, M. (2018). Between universalistic and defensive forms of group attachment. The indirect effects of national identification on intergroup forgiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 131, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.052
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Karaçanta, H. (2002). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal baskınlık yönelimi ve bazı değişkenler açısından karşılaştırılması. [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Kaval, C. (2021). Predictors of competitive victimhood beliefs in Turkey’s conflict: Turkish and Kurdish intergroup context [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Sabancı Üniversitesi.
  • Kosterman, R. ve Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10(2), 257–274. https://doi.org/10.2307/3791647
  • Lantos, D. ve Forgas, J. P. (2021). The role of collective narcissism in populist attitudes and the collapse of democracy in Hungary. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 5(2), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts5.80
  • Larkin, B. ve Fink, J. S. (2019). Toward a better understanding of fan aggression and dysfunction: The moderating role of collective narcissism. Journal of Sport Management, 33(2), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0012
  • Leach, C. W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L. W., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B., Ouwerkerk, J. W. ve Spears, R. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 144–165. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.144
  • Lyons, P. A., Kenworthy, J. B. ve Popan, J. R. (2010). Ingroup identification and group-level narcissism as predictors of U.S. citizens’ attitudes and behavior toward Arab immigrants. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(9), 1267–1280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210380604
  • Marchlewska, M., Cichocka, A., Jaworska, M., Golec de Zavala, A. & Bilewicz, M. (2020). Superficial ingroup love? Collective narcissism predicts ingroup image defense, outgroup prejudice, and lower ingroup loyalty. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59(4), 857–875. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12367
  • Marchlewska, M., Cichocka, A., Panayiotou, O., Castellanos, K. ve Batayneh, J. (2018). Populism as identity politics. Perceived in-group disadvantage, collective narcissism, and support for populism. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 9(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617732393
  • Marchlewska, M., Górska, P., Green, R., Szczepańska, D., Rogoza, M., Molenda, Z. ve Michalski, P. (2024). From individual anxiety to collective narcissism? Adult attachment styles and different types of national commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 50(4), 495–515. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221139072
  • Marchlewska, M., Górska, P., Malinowska, K. ve Jarosław, K. (2022). Threatened masculinity: Gender-related collective narcissism predicts prejudice toward gay and lesbian people among heterosexual men in Poland. Journal of Homosexuality, 69(7), 1222–1237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2021.1907067
  • McConahay, J. B., Hardee, B. B. ve Batts, V. (1981). Has racism declined in America? It depends on who is asking and what is asked. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 25(4), 563-579. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200278102500401
  • Muthén, L. K. ve Muthén, B. O. (1998-2017). Mplus: Statistical analysis with latent Variables: User’s Guide (Version 8). Muthén & Muthén Nunnally, J. C. & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3. Baskı). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M. ve Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741–763. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.741
  • Raskin, R. ve Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 890–902. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890
  • Roccas, S., Klar, Y. ve Liviatan, I. (2006). The paradox of group-based guilt: Modes of national identification, conflict vehemence, and reactions to the in-group's moral violations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(4), 698–711. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.698
  • Schatz, R. T., Staub, E. ve Lavine, H. (1999). On the varieties of national attachment: Blind versus constructive patriotism. Political Psychology, 20(1), 151–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00140
  • Sedikides, C. (2021). In search of Narcissus. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(1), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.10.010
  • Sidanius, J. ve Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175043
  • Steiger, J. H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017
  • Stephan, W. G., Ybarra, O. ve Bachman, G. (1999). Prejudice toward immigrants: An integrated threat theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(11), 2221-2237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00107.x
  • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories—Studies in social psychology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Tajfel, H. ve Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. W. G. Austin ve S. Worchel (Ed.), The social psychology of intergroup relations içinde (ss. 33-44). Brooks/Cole.
  • Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social-cognitive theory of group behavior. E. J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes: Theory and research içinde (ss. 77-122). JAI Press.
  • Yazıcı, S. ve Yazıcı, F. (2010). Yurtseverlik tutum ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7, 902-917.
There are 71 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Social Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İrem Eker 0000-0001-6277-8836

Emin Haktan Altın 0009-0007-9416-4864

Early Pub Date April 25, 2025
Publication Date April 29, 2025
Submission Date September 29, 2024
Acceptance Date February 8, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Eker, İ., & Altın, E. H. (2025). KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 198-226. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1557846
AMA Eker İ, Altın EH. KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. April 2025;12(1):198-226. doi:10.69878/deuefad.1557846
Chicago Eker, İrem, and Emin Haktan Altın. “KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12, no. 1 (April 2025): 198-226. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1557846.
EndNote Eker İ, Altın EH (April 1, 2025) KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12 1 198–226.
IEEE İ. Eker and E. H. Altın, “KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 198–226, 2025, doi: 10.69878/deuefad.1557846.
ISNAD Eker, İrem - Altın, Emin Haktan. “KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 12/1 (April 2025), 198-226. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1557846.
JAMA Eker İ, Altın EH. KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;12:198–226.
MLA Eker, İrem and Emin Haktan Altın. “KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, 2025, pp. 198-26, doi:10.69878/deuefad.1557846.
Vancouver Eker İ, Altın EH. KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;12(1):198-226.