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MERNEPTAH ZAFER YAZITINA (İSRAİL STELİ) GÖRE KENAN BÖLGESİNDE MISIR HAKİMİYETİ

Year 2025, Volume: 65 Issue: 1, 372 - 392, 25.06.2025

Ercüment Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2025.65.1.16

Abstract

Eski Mısır’da MÖ 1550 – MÖ 1070 yılları arasında hüküm süren XVIII., XIX. ve XX. Hanedanlar zamanına Yeni Krallık Dönemi ismi verilmektedir. Bu dönemin, öncesi ve sonrasından en ayırt edici özelliği Mısır Krallığı’nın Nübye, Libya ve Kenan coğrafyalarına yayılma girişimidir. Yeni Krallık döneminin en güçlü krallarından olan III. Tutmosis’in Fırat Nehri’ne kadar Mısır’ın sınırlarını genişletmesini, Nil Nehri’nden Fırat Nehrine kadar uzanan bir krallık kurma başarısını, sonraki krallar da devam ettirmeye gayret göstermişlerdir. Hititler gibi güçlü krallıkların Kenan coğrafyasını ele geçirme teşebbüsleri, göç hareketleri ile bölgeye gelen toplulukların yerleşme çabaları ve yerel halkın isyanları Mısırlıların bölgeye kalıcı biçimde yerleşmesinin önündeki en büyük engeller olmuştur. Yine de dört yüz yıllık dönem boyunca tahtta bulunan Mısır kralları Kenan coğrafyasına hakim olmayı kendileri için öncelikli amaç edinmişlerdir. Mısır Krallığı’nın geleneksel politikası olan Kenan coğrafyasına yayılmaya girişimlerini sürdüren Kral Merneptah da bölgeye seferler düzenlemiş ve kazanmış olduğu başarıları tanrılarına duyurmak ve halkına ilan etmek için yazıtlara kaydettirmiştir. Çalışmamız, Merneptah tarafından kazıtılmış olan “Zafer Yazıtı” veya bir diğer isimlendirme ile “İsrail Steli” ışığında Mısırlıların, Kenan coğrafyasındaki küçük krallıklar ile olan hakimiyet mücadelesini sonuçları ile birlikte aktarmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Merneptah Kenan Mısır Libya.

References

  • Abd El Razıq, H., Abdel Razıq, M. ve El Weshahy, M. (2008). The Asiatic Campaigns of the King Thutmose. Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 5(2), 19-24.
  • Astour, M. C. (1977). Tunip-Hamath and Its Region: A Contribution to the Historical Geography of Central Syria. Orientalia, 46(1), 51-64.
  • Astour, M. C. (1969). The Partition of the Confederacy of Mukiš-Nuḫiašše-Nii by Šuppiluliuma: A Study in Political Geography of the Amarna Age. Orientalia, 38(3), 381-414.
  • Bard, K. A. (2015). An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Batrawi, A. (1945). The Racial History of Egypt and Nubia. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 75(1/2), 81-101.
  • Ben-Tor, D. (2011). Egyptian – Canaanite Relations in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages as Reflected by Scarabs. S. Bar, D. Kahn, J.J. Shirley (Editörler), Egypt, Canaan and Israel: History, Imperialism, Ideology and Literature içinde (s. 23-43). Brill.
  • Bimson, J. J. (1991). Merenptah's Israel and Recent Theories of Israelite Origins. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 16(49), 3-29.
  • Booth, C. (2005). The Hyksos Period in Egypt. Osprey Publishing.
  • Bryce, T. R. (1990). The Death of Niphururiya and its Aftermath. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 76(1), 97-105.
  • Campbell Jr, E. F. (1960). The Amarna Letters and the Amarna Period. The Biblical Archaeologist, 23(1), 2-22.
  • Cantlon, M. (2010). Egyptian Imperialism from Thutmosis III to Ramesses II. Teaching History, 44(4), 2-15.
  • Chrissanthos, S. G. (2008). Warfare in the Ancient World: From the Bronze Age to the Fall of Rome. Abc-Clio.
  • Cohen, S. L. (2018). Canaanites, Chronologies, and Connections: the Relationship of Middle Bronze IIA Canaan to Middle Kingdom Egypt. Brill.
  • Darnell, J. C., ve Manassa, C. (2007). Tutankhamun’s Armies: Battle and Conquest During Ancient Egypt’s Late Eighteenth Dynasty. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Dever, W. G. (2003). Who were the Early Israelites, and where did They Come from? Eerdmans.
  • Eḥituv, S. (1978). Economic Factors in the Egyptian Conquest of Canaan. Israel Exploration Journal, 28(1), 93-105.
  • Engberg, R. M. (1939). The Hyksos Reconsidered. University of Chicago Press.
  • Epstein, C. (1963). That Wretched Enemy of Kadesh. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 22(4), 242-246.
  • Faulkner, R. O. (1953). Egyptian Military Organization. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 39(1), 32-47.
  • Faust, A. (2023). The Egyptian Empire in Canaan, Highland Ethnogenesis, and the Transformation of History. Sara Mohr ve Shane M. Thompson (Editörler), Power and Identity at the Margins of the Ancient Near East, (s. 14-41). University Press of Colorado.
  • Fisher, M. M. (2012). The History of Nubia. Marjorie M. Fisher ve Peter Lacovara (Editörler), Ancient Nubia: African Kingdoms on the Nile, (s. 10-44). The American University in Cairo Press.
  • Gardiner, A. H. (1920). The Ancient Military Road between Egypt and Palestine. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 6(1), 99-116.
  • Gardiner, A. H. (1916). The Defeat of the Hyksos by Kamose. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 3(1), 95-110.
  • Giveon, R. (1978). The impact of Egypt on Canaan: iconographical and Related Studies. Universitätsverlag/Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • Goedicke, H. (1966). Considerations on the Battle of Ḳadesh. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 52(1), 71-80.
  • Goedicke, H. (2004). Remarks on the" Israel-Stela". Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 94, 53-72.
  • Goedicke, H. (1963). The Alleged Military Campaign in Southern Palestine in the Reign of Pepi I (VIth Dynasty). Rivista Degli Studi Orientali, 38(3), 187-197.
  • Golden, J. M. (2004). Ancient Canaan and Israel: New Perspectives. Abc-Clio.
  • Grimal, N. (1994). A History of Ancient Egypt. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Hasel, M. G. (1994). Israel in the Merneptah Stela. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 296(1), 45-61.
  • Hasel, M. G. (1998). Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant, ca. 1300-1185 BC. Brill.
  • Kendall, T. (2007). Egypt and Nubia. Timothy Kendall (Ed.), The Egyptian World, (s. 429- 444). Routledge.
  • Lichtheim, M. (2019). Ancient Egyptian Literature. University of California Press. Manuelian, P. D. & Loeben, C. E. (1993). New Light on the Recarved Sarcophagus of Hatshepsut a nd T hutmose I i n t he M useum o f F ine A rts B oston,.The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 79(1), 121-155.
  • Martins, D. (2020). Interconnecting Circles of Power: An Approach to a Study of the Regional Administration in Egypt during the Reign of Thutmose III, Distant Worlds Journal, 5, 7-22.
  • Miroschedji, P. (2012). Egypt and Southern Canaan in the Third Millennium BCE: Uni’s Asiatic Campaigns Revisited. Mayer Gruber, Shmuel Ahituv, Gunnar Lehmann ve Zipora Talshir (Editörler), All the Wisdom of the East: Studies in Near Eastern Archaeology and History in Honor of Eliezer D. Oren, (s. 265-292). Academic Press.
  • Morenz, L. D. ve Popko, L. (2010). The Second Intermediate Period and the New Kingdom. Alan B. Lloyd (Ed.), A Companion to Ancient Egypt, (s. 101-119). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Morris, E. (2018). Ancient Egyptian Imperialism. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Na’aman, N. (1981). Economic Aspects of the Egyptian Occupation of Canaan. Israel Exploration Journal, 31, 172-185.
  • Naʼaman, N. (2005). Canaan in the Second Millennium BCE. Eisenbrauns.
  • Nelson, H. H. (1944). The Egyptian Temple: The Theban Temples of the Empire Period. The Biblical Archaeologist, 7(3), 44-53.
  • Noll, K. L. (2001). Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: An Introduction. Sheffield Academic Press.
  • Paton, L. B. (1914). Canaanite influence on the religion of Israel. The American Journal of Theology, 18(2), 205-224.
  • Pfoh, E. (2016). Syria-Palestine in the Late Bronze Age: An Anthropology of Politics and Power. Routledge.
  • Redford, D. B. (1973). New Light on the Asiatic Campaigning of Ḥoremheb. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 211(1), 36-49.
  • Redford, D. B. (1986). The Ashkelon Relief at Karnak and the Israel Stela. Israel Exploration Journal, 36(3/4), 188-200.
  • Redford, D. B. (1993). Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press.
  • Rowe, I. M. (1997). Ḫalab in the XVI th and XV th Centuries BC A New Look at the Alalaḫ Material, Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 87, 177-205.
  • Santillian, B. ve Thomas, S. (2017). Ahmose I: Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty. Rosen.
  • Schulman, A. R. (1957). Egyptian Representations of Horsemen and Riding in the New Kingdom. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 16(4), 263-271.
  • Schulman, A. R. (1979). Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 38(3), 177-193.
  • Shea, W . H . ( 1979). The Conquests of Sharuḥen and Megiddo Reconsidered. Israel Exploration Journal, 1(5), 1-5.
  • Smith, S. T. (1997). Ancient Egyptian imperialism: Ideological Vision or Economic Exploitation? Reply to Critics of Askut in Nubia. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 7(2), 301-307.
  • Spalinger, A. J. (1981). Considerations on the Hittite Treaty between Egypt and Hatti. Studien zur altägyptischen Kultur, 9, 299-358.
  • Spalinger, A. J. (2021). Merenptah and the Israel Stela. Brill.
  • Spalinger, A. J. (1979). The Northern Wars of Seti I: An Integrative Study. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 16, 29-47.
  • Spalinger, A. J. (2008). War in Ancient Egypt: The New Kingdom. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Török, L. (2008). Between two worlds: The frontier region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt 3700 BC-500 AD. Brill.
  • Van de Mieroop, M. (2009). The Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Ramesses II. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Weinstein, J. M. (1981). The Egyptian Empire in Palestine: A Reassessment. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 241(1), 1-28.
  • Wilkinson, R. H. (2000). The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson.
  • Yıldırım, E. (2019). Nil’in Tanrı Kralları. Arkeoloji Sanat Yayınları.
  • Yıldırım, E. (2023) Eski Mısır Kralı III. Tutmosis Döneminde Doğu Akdeniz Kıyılarındaki Şehir Devletlerine Yapılan Askerî Seferler, D. Yörük ve H. Muşmal (Editörler), Prof. Dr. Bayram Ürekli’ye Armağan içinde (s. 173 -187). Palet Yayınları.
  • Yıldırım, N. (2019). Eski Doğu Akdeniz’de bir Kralî Liman “Al-Mina, Archivum Anatolicum- Anadolu Arşivleri, 13(2), 185-201.
  • Yurco, F. J. (1986). Merenptah’s Canaanite Campaign, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 23, 189-215.
  • Ziffer, I . ( 2002). S ymbols o f R oyalty in C anaanite A rt in t he Third a nd S econd Millennia BCE. Bulletin of the Israeli Academic Center in Cairo, 25, 11-20.

EGYPTIAN DOMINANCE IN CANAAN ACCORDING TO THE MERNEPTAH VICTORY INSCRIPTION (ISRAELI STELE)

Year 2025, Volume: 65 Issue: 1, 372 - 392, 25.06.2025

Ercüment Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2025.65.1.16

Abstract

The period of the 18th, 19th and 20th Dynasties that ruled in Ancient Egypt between 1550 BC and 1070 BC is called the New Kingdom Period. The most distinctive feature of this period, from before and after, is the Egyptian Kingdom's attempt to expand into the geographies of Nubia, Libya and Canaan. The success of Thutmose III, one of the most powerful kings of the New Kingdom period, in expanding Egypt's borders to the Euphrates River and establishing a kingdom extending from the Nile River to the Euphrates River, was also attempted by subsequent kings to continue. The attempts of powerful kingdoms such as the Hittites to seize the Canaan geography, the settlement efforts of communities that came to the region with migration movements and the rebellions of the local people were the greatest obstacles to the Egyptians settling permanently in the region. Nevertheless, the Egyptian kings who were on the throne for a period of four hundred years made dominating the Canaan geography their primary goal. Continuing the traditional policy of the Egyptian Kingdom to expand into the Canaan geography, King Merneptah also organized expeditions to the region and recorded his achievements in inscriptions to announce them to his gods and to his people. Our study aims to convey the struggle of the Egyptians for dominance with the small kingdoms in the Canaan geography together with its results in the light of the "Victory Inscription" or "Israeli Stele" engraved by Merneptah.

Keywords

Merneptah Canaan Egypt Libya

References

  • Abd El Razıq, H., Abdel Razıq, M. ve El Weshahy, M. (2008). The Asiatic Campaigns of the King Thutmose. Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 5(2), 19-24.
  • Astour, M. C. (1977). Tunip-Hamath and Its Region: A Contribution to the Historical Geography of Central Syria. Orientalia, 46(1), 51-64.
  • Astour, M. C. (1969). The Partition of the Confederacy of Mukiš-Nuḫiašše-Nii by Šuppiluliuma: A Study in Political Geography of the Amarna Age. Orientalia, 38(3), 381-414.
  • Bard, K. A. (2015). An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Batrawi, A. (1945). The Racial History of Egypt and Nubia. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 75(1/2), 81-101.
  • Ben-Tor, D. (2011). Egyptian – Canaanite Relations in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages as Reflected by Scarabs. S. Bar, D. Kahn, J.J. Shirley (Editörler), Egypt, Canaan and Israel: History, Imperialism, Ideology and Literature içinde (s. 23-43). Brill.
  • Bimson, J. J. (1991). Merenptah's Israel and Recent Theories of Israelite Origins. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 16(49), 3-29.
  • Booth, C. (2005). The Hyksos Period in Egypt. Osprey Publishing.
  • Bryce, T. R. (1990). The Death of Niphururiya and its Aftermath. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 76(1), 97-105.
  • Campbell Jr, E. F. (1960). The Amarna Letters and the Amarna Period. The Biblical Archaeologist, 23(1), 2-22.
  • Cantlon, M. (2010). Egyptian Imperialism from Thutmosis III to Ramesses II. Teaching History, 44(4), 2-15.
  • Chrissanthos, S. G. (2008). Warfare in the Ancient World: From the Bronze Age to the Fall of Rome. Abc-Clio.
  • Cohen, S. L. (2018). Canaanites, Chronologies, and Connections: the Relationship of Middle Bronze IIA Canaan to Middle Kingdom Egypt. Brill.
  • Darnell, J. C., ve Manassa, C. (2007). Tutankhamun’s Armies: Battle and Conquest During Ancient Egypt’s Late Eighteenth Dynasty. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Dever, W. G. (2003). Who were the Early Israelites, and where did They Come from? Eerdmans.
  • Eḥituv, S. (1978). Economic Factors in the Egyptian Conquest of Canaan. Israel Exploration Journal, 28(1), 93-105.
  • Engberg, R. M. (1939). The Hyksos Reconsidered. University of Chicago Press.
  • Epstein, C. (1963). That Wretched Enemy of Kadesh. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 22(4), 242-246.
  • Faulkner, R. O. (1953). Egyptian Military Organization. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 39(1), 32-47.
  • Faust, A. (2023). The Egyptian Empire in Canaan, Highland Ethnogenesis, and the Transformation of History. Sara Mohr ve Shane M. Thompson (Editörler), Power and Identity at the Margins of the Ancient Near East, (s. 14-41). University Press of Colorado.
  • Fisher, M. M. (2012). The History of Nubia. Marjorie M. Fisher ve Peter Lacovara (Editörler), Ancient Nubia: African Kingdoms on the Nile, (s. 10-44). The American University in Cairo Press.
  • Gardiner, A. H. (1920). The Ancient Military Road between Egypt and Palestine. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 6(1), 99-116.
  • Gardiner, A. H. (1916). The Defeat of the Hyksos by Kamose. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 3(1), 95-110.
  • Giveon, R. (1978). The impact of Egypt on Canaan: iconographical and Related Studies. Universitätsverlag/Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • Goedicke, H. (1966). Considerations on the Battle of Ḳadesh. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 52(1), 71-80.
  • Goedicke, H. (2004). Remarks on the" Israel-Stela". Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 94, 53-72.
  • Goedicke, H. (1963). The Alleged Military Campaign in Southern Palestine in the Reign of Pepi I (VIth Dynasty). Rivista Degli Studi Orientali, 38(3), 187-197.
  • Golden, J. M. (2004). Ancient Canaan and Israel: New Perspectives. Abc-Clio.
  • Grimal, N. (1994). A History of Ancient Egypt. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Hasel, M. G. (1994). Israel in the Merneptah Stela. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 296(1), 45-61.
  • Hasel, M. G. (1998). Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant, ca. 1300-1185 BC. Brill.
  • Kendall, T. (2007). Egypt and Nubia. Timothy Kendall (Ed.), The Egyptian World, (s. 429- 444). Routledge.
  • Lichtheim, M. (2019). Ancient Egyptian Literature. University of California Press. Manuelian, P. D. & Loeben, C. E. (1993). New Light on the Recarved Sarcophagus of Hatshepsut a nd T hutmose I i n t he M useum o f F ine A rts B oston,.The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 79(1), 121-155.
  • Martins, D. (2020). Interconnecting Circles of Power: An Approach to a Study of the Regional Administration in Egypt during the Reign of Thutmose III, Distant Worlds Journal, 5, 7-22.
  • Miroschedji, P. (2012). Egypt and Southern Canaan in the Third Millennium BCE: Uni’s Asiatic Campaigns Revisited. Mayer Gruber, Shmuel Ahituv, Gunnar Lehmann ve Zipora Talshir (Editörler), All the Wisdom of the East: Studies in Near Eastern Archaeology and History in Honor of Eliezer D. Oren, (s. 265-292). Academic Press.
  • Morenz, L. D. ve Popko, L. (2010). The Second Intermediate Period and the New Kingdom. Alan B. Lloyd (Ed.), A Companion to Ancient Egypt, (s. 101-119). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Morris, E. (2018). Ancient Egyptian Imperialism. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Na’aman, N. (1981). Economic Aspects of the Egyptian Occupation of Canaan. Israel Exploration Journal, 31, 172-185.
  • Naʼaman, N. (2005). Canaan in the Second Millennium BCE. Eisenbrauns.
  • Nelson, H. H. (1944). The Egyptian Temple: The Theban Temples of the Empire Period. The Biblical Archaeologist, 7(3), 44-53.
  • Noll, K. L. (2001). Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: An Introduction. Sheffield Academic Press.
  • Paton, L. B. (1914). Canaanite influence on the religion of Israel. The American Journal of Theology, 18(2), 205-224.
  • Pfoh, E. (2016). Syria-Palestine in the Late Bronze Age: An Anthropology of Politics and Power. Routledge.
  • Redford, D. B. (1973). New Light on the Asiatic Campaigning of Ḥoremheb. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 211(1), 36-49.
  • Redford, D. B. (1986). The Ashkelon Relief at Karnak and the Israel Stela. Israel Exploration Journal, 36(3/4), 188-200.
  • Redford, D. B. (1993). Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press.
  • Rowe, I. M. (1997). Ḫalab in the XVI th and XV th Centuries BC A New Look at the Alalaḫ Material, Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 87, 177-205.
  • Santillian, B. ve Thomas, S. (2017). Ahmose I: Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty. Rosen.
  • Schulman, A. R. (1957). Egyptian Representations of Horsemen and Riding in the New Kingdom. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 16(4), 263-271.
  • Schulman, A. R. (1979). Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 38(3), 177-193.
  • Shea, W . H . ( 1979). The Conquests of Sharuḥen and Megiddo Reconsidered. Israel Exploration Journal, 1(5), 1-5.
  • Smith, S. T. (1997). Ancient Egyptian imperialism: Ideological Vision or Economic Exploitation? Reply to Critics of Askut in Nubia. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 7(2), 301-307.
  • Spalinger, A. J. (1981). Considerations on the Hittite Treaty between Egypt and Hatti. Studien zur altägyptischen Kultur, 9, 299-358.
  • Spalinger, A. J. (2021). Merenptah and the Israel Stela. Brill.
  • Spalinger, A. J. (1979). The Northern Wars of Seti I: An Integrative Study. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 16, 29-47.
  • Spalinger, A. J. (2008). War in Ancient Egypt: The New Kingdom. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Török, L. (2008). Between two worlds: The frontier region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt 3700 BC-500 AD. Brill.
  • Van de Mieroop, M. (2009). The Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Ramesses II. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Weinstein, J. M. (1981). The Egyptian Empire in Palestine: A Reassessment. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 241(1), 1-28.
  • Wilkinson, R. H. (2000). The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson.
  • Yıldırım, E. (2019). Nil’in Tanrı Kralları. Arkeoloji Sanat Yayınları.
  • Yıldırım, E. (2023) Eski Mısır Kralı III. Tutmosis Döneminde Doğu Akdeniz Kıyılarındaki Şehir Devletlerine Yapılan Askerî Seferler, D. Yörük ve H. Muşmal (Editörler), Prof. Dr. Bayram Ürekli’ye Armağan içinde (s. 173 -187). Palet Yayınları.
  • Yıldırım, N. (2019). Eski Doğu Akdeniz’de bir Kralî Liman “Al-Mina, Archivum Anatolicum- Anadolu Arşivleri, 13(2), 185-201.
  • Yurco, F. J. (1986). Merenptah’s Canaanite Campaign, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 23, 189-215.
  • Ziffer, I . ( 2002). S ymbols o f R oyalty in C anaanite A rt in t he Third a nd S econd Millennia BCE. Bulletin of the Israeli Academic Center in Cairo, 25, 11-20.
There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects History of Old Asia Minor
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ercüment Yıldırım 0000-0001-5376-4061

Publication Date June 25, 2025
Submission Date November 11, 2024
Acceptance Date February 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 65 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldırım, E. (2025). MERNEPTAH ZAFER YAZITINA (İSRAİL STELİ) GÖRE KENAN BÖLGESİNDE MISIR HAKİMİYETİ. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(1), 372-392. https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2025.65.1.16
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