PLEASE REVIEW THE WRITING GUIDELINES CAREFULLY

Warning! Page layout: A4 Portrait, width 22 cm, height 30 cm. Margins should be set to Normal, 2.5 cm on all sides. Article files must be submitted as Word documents.

Article Title should be written in Times New Roman, 12 pt, in all capital letters and bold, and centered on the page. Set spacing to Before: 6 pt, After: 12 pt, and single line spacing.

Author Name SURNAME (The first letter of the name should be capitalized, and the surname should be written in all capital letters). Times New Roman, 12 pt, spacing Before: 6 pt, After: 6 pt, single line spacing. Title, email, institutional affiliation, and ORCID information must be given as a footnote.

Abstract should be titled “Abstract”. Times New Roman, 10 pt, Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt, first line indent: 1.25 cm, justified, and written as a single paragraph of 150–250 words. For research articles, the abstract should include the aim, materials, method, and findings of the study.

Keywords: Must consist of at least 3 words. Only the first letter of each word should be capitalized. For example: Digital technologies, Social media, Usage habits

English Article Title must follow the same formatting as the Turkish title. Abstract must follow the same formatting as the “Öz” section.

Important Reminder: Submitted articles, including references, must not exceed 20 pages – 8,000 words.

Introduction (The introduction should not be numbered and must start on a separate page. Times New Roman, 12 pt, justified, spacing Before: 6 pt, After: 12 pt, single line spacing, first line indent: 1.25 cm).

Body Text should have first line indent: 1.25 cm, justified, Times New Roman, 12 pt, Before: 6 pt, After: 12 pt, single line spacing. Headings and subheadings must be numbered. Up to third-level subheadings may be used. Main headings must be written in all capital letters. Second-level subheadings should have only the first letters capitalized. For example:

GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE BRAND CONCEPT
1.1. Historical Background of the Brand Concept
1.2. Concepts Related to Branding
1.3. Functioning of the Brand Concept in Turkey

THE BRAND EXPERIENCE CONCEPT
If a third-level heading such as 1.2.1. or 1.3.1. is used, it should be written in bold and italic with only the first letter capitalized, and the rest in lowercase. For example:
1.2.1. Elements of the brand concept
1.3.1. Benefits of the brand concept

In-text citations should follow APA style. Citations must be given in parentheses in the main text, including the author’s surname, publication year, and page number, separated by a colon. Example: Brands are known as the most valuable yet intangible assets of businesses (Yıldırım, 2019: 13; Altunışık ve Yıldırım, 2020; Stingler ve Cornell, 1983). Even in English citations, "ve" should be used between two authors.

For sources with more than two authors, use the first author’s surname followed by "vd." This rule also applies to foreign-language citations. Example: Brands are known as the most valuable yet intangible assets of businesses (Altunışık vd., 2015; Yıldırım vd., 2019; Akbaş vd., 2020; Aaker vd., 2022). There should be no comma after the author’s surname in such cases.

If multiple citations are given in the same sentence or paragraph, list them from oldest to newest and separate them with a semicolon. Example shown above.

For online sources, a short citation should be used in the main text (e.g., www.internet.com). In the reference list, the full link and access date (E.T.: 12.01.2022) should be provided. If the article is in Turkish, even foreign websites should use “E.T.:”. If the article is in English, use “A.D.:” (short for Access Date). If available, the title of the article must also be stated. For example:

BBC News (2021). How Effective is Double Masking for Protection from Covid? https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-56041105 (E.T.: 12.01.2022)
Hürriyet Newspaper (2021). Confusion About Mask Wearing: 14 Questions, 14 Answers https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/maske-konusundaki-kafalar-karisik-undefined14-soru-14-cevap-41784433 (E.T.: 12.01.2022)
Georgieva, Kristalina (2020). The Great Lockdown: Worst Economic Downturn Since the Great Depression, International Monetary Fund (IMF), https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/03/23/pr2098-imf-managing-director-statement-following-a-g20-ministerial-call-on-the-coronavirus-emergency (Access Date: 20.01.2021)

1. LITERATURE REVIEW (Main headings in all capital letters, Times New Roman, 12 pt, justified, bold, Before: 6 pt, After: 12 pt, single spacing, first line indent 1.25 cm)

1.1. Subheadings (First letters only capitalized, Times New Roman, 12 pt, justified, bold, Before: 6 pt, After: 12 pt, single spacing, first line indent 1.25 cm)
Body text: first line indent 1.25 cm, justified, Times New Roman, 12 pt, Before: 6 pt, After: 12 pt, single spacing.
1.2. Subheadings (Same formatting as above)

2. METHOD (Main headings in all capital letters, Times New Roman, 12 pt, justified, bold, Before: 6 pt, After: 12 pt, single spacing, first line indent 1.25 cm)

In research articles, the population, sample, how the sample was calculated, analysis methods, dates of the study, sources of scales, research model, hypotheses, and type of scales must be stated. Additionally, the relationships between variables should be explained. For qualitative research, the participant profile, location and time, research question, analysis methods used and their justification should be provided.

3. FINDINGS (Main headings in all capital letters, Times New Roman, 12 pt, justified, bold, Before: 6 pt, After: 12 pt, single spacing, first line indent 1.25 cm)

Tables and figures should be included within the text. Authors must ensure they fit on one page and are displayed as a whole. Formatting: Table 1., Figure 1. etc. The words “Table” and “Figure” should be bold, but the titles should be in regular font, Times New Roman 10 pt, bold.

Table titles should be above the table and centered; figure titles should be below the figure and centered. Sources of tables and figures should be stated directly beneath them, in Times New Roman (10 pt), centered, and without indentation. Only author surnames and year should be used in the source—do not write long references.

The same formatting rules apply to images and visuals used in the article.

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION (This section should not be numbered, written in all capital letters, Times New Roman, 12 pt, justified, bold, Before: 6 pt, After: 12 pt, single spacing, first line indent 1.25 cm)

In research articles, the findings should be compared with those in the literature. After descriptive and exploratory results are presented, they should be discussed in relation to existing literature. Practical and theoretical recommendations should be provided. The author should not repeat the findings, but make comparative inferences.

References (This section title should be written in Times New Roman, 12 pt, justified, bold, Before: 6 pt, After: 12 pt, single spacing. No paragraph indentation.) All references used in the article should be listed at the end under the “References” section, arranged alphabetically by surname, and formatted according to bibliography rules. Reference text should be written in Times New Roman, 12 pt, hanging indent 1.25 cm, Before: 6 pt, After: 12 pt, single spacing. Reference order: “surname, name, title of the work, (translator if any), place and year of publication”.

In the main text, references should be arranged alphabetically according to the surname of the author (or editor), or if it is an institution (e.g., Ministry of Tourism) or periodical (e.g., Para, Capital, etc.), then by the initial letter of the institution or journal name. If multiple works by the same author or group are cited, they should be listed in chronological order. If they were published in the same year, use letters like “a, b” after the year. For example: (Yıldırım, 2019a; Yıldırım, 2019b)

Example of reference format:

References
Abell, D.F. (2006). The future of strategy is leadership. Journal of Business Research, 59(3), 310-314.

Akyüz, A. (2013). Advertising. Istanbul: MediaCat.

Ateşoğlu, H. & Çiçekdağı, H. (2015). The impact of integrated marketing communication on brand value and consumer purchasing decisions: A case study on consumers using white goods in the city of Erzincan. Selçuk Communication, 9(1), 80-103.

Aydın, D. (2014). Branding of cities and re-imagining cities. Istanbul: Say Publishing.

Barwise, P., & Meehan, S. (2010). The one thing you must get right when building a brand. Harvard Business Review, December 2010 Issue, 80-84.

Baş, T. (2008). Scientific research methods. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.

Brown, S., Kozinets, R.V., & Sherry Jr., J.F. (2003). Teaching old brands new tricks: Retro branding and the revival of brand meaning. Journal of Marketing, 67(3), 19-33.

Dinçer, B. (2009). Strategic management and business policy. Istanbul: Beta Publishing.

Dinnie, K. (2011). City branding: Theory and cases. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Elden, M. (2009). Advertising communication. Istanbul: Say Publishing.

Erdoğan, B.Z. & Oyman, M. (2005). Creating a brand for Turkey. 3rd National Marketing Congress, Turkey Marketing Foundation, Ankara, 45-52.

Erdoğan, B.Z. (2014). Advertising. Istanbul: Beta Publishing.

Govers, R. & Go, F.M. (2009). Place branding: Glocal, virtual and physical identities, constructed, imagined and experienced. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Grubb, E.L. & Grathwohl, H.L. (1967). Consumer self-concept, symbolism and market behavior: A theoretical approach. Journal of Marketing, 31(4), 22-27.

Keller, K.L. (2003). Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Kotler, P., & Keller, K.L. (2006). Marketing management (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Öztürk, M. (2008). The impact of advertising messages on consumers: A field study. Atatürk University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 22(2), 91-105.

Şimşek, G.G. & Noyan, F. (2009). The effect of advertising messages on consumer perception. Eskişehir: Anadolu University Publishing.

Uztuğ, F. (2003). Brand communication. Istanbul: MediaCat.

Yavuz, M. (2005). Consumer behavior and marketing strategy. Istanbul: MediaCat.

Yıldırım, H. (2019). The role of brand experiences in the creation of brand meaning: A study on local brands. Istanbul: Nobel Publishing.

Yıldırım, H. & Altunışık, R. (2020). The impact of digital brand experiences on brand satisfaction, trust and loyalty: A study on digital consumers. Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 25(4), 1181-1204.

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